Automaticity nke mmadụ obi: na definition, nkọwa, nkeji na grajentị

Gbasara obi automaticity anọchi anya rhythmic mkpi ahụ n'okpuru ihe nke pulses aa nime ya enweghị nzaghachi stimuli si n'èzí. Automaticity bụ pụta ụwa dum ahu na akụkụ ụfọdụ, ma ọ bụghị na obi muscle. E nwere ihe àmà nke a onu - na rhythmic n'ahụ ụmụ anụmanụ na ụmụ mmadụ he, dịpụrụ adịpụ site na ihe niile na mere n'èzí nke ahu.

Ọkwọ ụgbọala mbụ iji ọnụego

N'ikpebi ihe pụtara na automata nke obi, ọ hụrụ na akwara esi gboo nwere ike site na gbara gharịị myocardial mkpụrụ ndụ. Ọ bụrụ na mmadụ bụ onye ahụ ike, usoro a emee nso sinoatrial ọnụ n'ihi iche dị na cell Njirimara na Ọdịdị nke ọzọ bughi mmiri. Ha mere ndokwa na dị iche iche, nwere udi nke a spindle, na ha na-gburugburu basal lamina. The abụọ aha ndị a na mkpụrụ ndụ - ọkwọ ụgbọala nke mbụ iji ọnụego (pacemakers). mgbanwe Filiks ekem ke ha na a elu na-agba, na n'ihi nke a metabolites anọgide na interstitial ọmụmụ, na-enweghị ga-amanye.

Ke adianade do, e ji mara ndị na-esonụ:

• Kama elu permeability na calcium na sodium ion.
• A obere uru nke akpụkpọ ahụ nwere.

N'ihi na dị iche na ịta nke sodium na potassium gosiri obere ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ sodium-potassium mgbapụta.

Automaticity nke obi

Nnọọ ogologo oge ọ bụghị obi automaticity na njedebe nyochaworo, n'agbanyeghị mụbara mmasị nke mmụta nọ na usoro a. Method ligatures Stannius - mara okirikiri nwere rụrụ na ndabere nke mwepụ nke akụkụ ụfọdụ nke frog obi machie dressings. The results gosiri na ahụ bụ ugbu 2 automaticity center dịkarịa ala.

Otu n'ime ha na-emi odude ke venous imi, mmemmem kwado edebiri abụọ - bụ na akụkụ n'etiti ventricle na atria (ọ na-akpọ zoro ezo). Ọrụ ya amalite nanị mgbe tutu amama 1 center. The muscle nke obi, nke bụ ime na emmepe nke ma ọrụ - belata - na ha onwe ha. N'ihi ya, automaton nke mmadụ obi jikọtara gboo-esite na ndị a emmepe.

ụkpụrụ Landergorfa

Iji belata sụgharịrị n'èzí nke obi nke ahụ, a na usoro Landergorfa. The pụtara bụ dị ka ndị:

1. Heart gbupụrụ na fanye cannula n'ime aorta, nke na jikọọ na a arịa nke iko.
2. The arịa jupụtara Ringer si ngwọta na glucose, ma ọ bụ nwere ike kwukwara defibrinated ọbara.
3. The ngwọta e jupụta na oxygen na-ewe iwe ka a na-okpomọkụ (banyere 48 degrees Celsius).
4. Ọmụmụ malitere ịsọ nrụgide na aorta valvụ closes na mmiri mmiri na-eduzi n'ime akwara akwara, ọrụ nke - ike nke dum ngwa.

N'okpuru ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ, anụ ahụ, ma ọ bụ onye na-enwe ike na-arụ ọrụ ruo ogologo oge, nke a bụ automaticity nke obi. Iji usoro a, i nwere ike ịlaghachi na pulses nke obi, nke esesịn kwụsịrị a awa ole na ole gara aga. Ná mmalite narị afọ nke 20 na nke mbụ ya tụgharịa ịtụte aru nke a nwatakịrị, na na mgbe e mesịrị natara ọrụ nke obi, nke na-adịghị ejikwara fọrọ nke nta 48 awa. Mgbe-agafe ngwọta site na obi arịa e nọgidere na-enwe banyere 15 awa.

Description Automatic Usoro

automaticity nke mmadụ obi amalite na diastole adọ nke ya pụta ìhè - nke sodium n'ime cell ije. Akpụkpọ ahụ nwere otú ukwuu belata, ọ nēche uru nke kacha nta ozo nke depolarization. Belata ndebe nke akpụkpọ ahụ, na-amalite a ngwa ngwa depolarization nke diastole. Open ọwa nke calcium na sodium na a ngwa-ngwa etoola depolarization adọ, ion amalite ifịk ifịk eduzi ndị cell. N'ihi nke a-elekọta, akpa inikiet inikiet mbelata na esịmde efu, mgbe ahụ, ndị na-abụghị na-edochi. Sodium akpali ruo ịha ruru site ya ion (electrochemical).

E-abịa a dị larịị na-adọ. E na-aga n'ihu ije nke calcium. obi anụ ahụ na-anọgide nonexcitability n'ebe a. N'elu na-eru ịha mkpa ion adọ nsọtụ na repolarization emee, nke pụtara na akpụkpọ ahụ ụgwọ laghachi mbụ larịị.

Ọnụ obi automaticity

A pụrụ iche ebe ke mgbagwoju usoro ogide na saịtị nke obi automaticity. mbụ iji na-akpọ sinoatrial ọnụ. Nke a ọkwọ ụgbọala bụ a mbụ-iji ọnụego, nke ana achi achi nkịtị obi ọnụego. N'ịbụ nso confluence nke ndị ka elu vena cava. Ya Ọdịdị - a ole na ole nke obi muscle emep uta eri na nural endings. abụọ iji ọnụ na-akpọ atrioventricular ọnụ. Nke a bụ a zoro ezo ọkwọ ụgbọala nke abụọ-iji ọnụego. O nwere ihe na-atọ iji ọnụ mkpụrụ ndụ ventricular conduction usoro.

All ọkwọ ụgbọala na-akwado na ala iji ọnụego ọnụego ọnụego ikike, ma ọ bụrụ na e nwere obi zuru okè na ngọngọ. The ugboro ole nke ventricular ọnụego na-eru nso a kacha nta ozo, na ọrịa tinyere pacemaker eletriki ụdị, i.e. keakamere pacemaker.

Ntoputa nke nwere

sinoatrial ọnụ nwere dị iche iche si ot njupụta na - 50 MV. Na kwesịrị ikwu potentials pụtara na ọnụ n'ihi ọnụnọ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ndị na-ọkwọ ụgbọala nke mbụ-iji ọnụego. Ndị fọdụrụ akụkụ nke obi n'okpuru ụfọdụ ọnọdụ nwekwara n'ịwa akwara esi gboo mgbe ndị ọzọ na-mkpali, nakwa dị ka ịgbanyụ mbụ iji. N'ihi ya, ọgbọ nke pulses nke abụọ iji ọnụ (ugboro banyere 60 ugboro / min). N'oge mkpalite na ọnụ mkpụrụ ndụ ùkwù Ya nwere oké obi ụtọ, ugboro mbelata 30 (ọkwọ ụgbọala na-atọ iji ọnụego).

The edinam nwere niile pacemakers bụ ihe ra nrata nye elu akpụkpọ ahụ permeability na calcium na sodium ion, ma belata permeability nke potassium ion.

grajentị automaticity

Automaticity nke obi n'okpuru nkịtị ọnọdụ n'akụkụ nile nke usoro a na-ewute sinoarterialnym ọnụ "wetara" ya n'afọ iri na ụma. N'ihi nke a, ihe niile mmiri nke usoro na ya n'afọ iri na ụma wughachiri na-arụ ọrụ na otu ijeụkwụ. Grajentị gbasara obi automaticity - a onu nke na-ebelata ikike automaticity ka anya si ebe generalization pulses, i.e. na ọnụ nke mbụ iji.

Ọ bụ ka na-amaghị ihe na-akpata na mberede mgbanwe ihe-ndebe nke cell, pụtara spontaneously. Automaticity nke obi nwere ike metụtara ọdịnaya nke acetylcholine na ọkwọ ụgbọala nke n'afọ iri na ụma. Ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kweere na onu bụ n'ihi na peculiarities nke metabolism na mkpụrụ ndụ nke na-akwọ, nke nwere ike ịgbanwe ala nke elu membranes.