Gịnị bụ Chernobyl "Doug"? nkọwa

Gịnị bụ Chernobyl "Doug?" Olee otú ọ na-arụ ọrụ? Ndị a na ajụjụ ndị ọzọ ga-atụle n'isiokwu na-esonụ. Megapolis Chernobyl-2 emi odude ke n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke na obere obodo nke Chornobyl Polissya, ma na ihe ọ bụla topographical map dịghị. Ịtụle ihe ndị map, i nwere ike ịhụ na ọnọdụ nke obodo dotted akara nke ụzọ ọhịa ma ọ bụ ihe ịrịba ama mbadamba maka ụmụaka, ma ọ dịghị banyere oru ma ọ bụ n'obodo ndị mepere emepe ụlọ. Na Soviet Union anyị nwere ike zoo a na nzuzo, karịsịa ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ a agha.

Duga

Ebe Chernobyl "Doug?" Naanị kemgbe Chernobyl mberede na ida nke Soviet ndị mmadụ mụtara banyere ọnụnọ a agha agha (obere obodo) na oke ohia nke Polesie, nke ejide "ohere ngagharị." Na narị afọ gara aga na seventies anyị kere pụrụ iche agha Rada usoro nke na ọ ga-ekwe omume na-ekiri na igba egbe nke ihe Intercontinental agha na a kwere omume iro n'ala. Ọ echepụta ka aha Rada mmiri Rada ojii (Duga).

Chernobyl "Arc" nwere nnukwu size of enweta antennas na masts, chọrọ nnukwu manpower mee - banyere 1,000 agha na-arụ na saịtị a anya. obere obodo e kere maka agha na ndị ezinụlọ ha, na na n'okporo ámá, kwuru na dị ka "n'okporo ámá Kurchatov".

The mkpebi Nlụpụta mmiri Rada usoro "Doug nọmba 1" (nso n'obodo Chernobyl) e kuchiri na ndabere nke ọchịchị mkpebi si 1972, January 18, 1975 na April 14.

Ugbua na 1976 ọ bụ ihe kacha mkpa Rada unit n'ịnyịnya Duga Chernobyl-2. Ebute mmebe Duga na Chernobyl-2 bụ ogologo nso radio Sri (NIIDAR). The isi n'ike mmụọ nsọ na echiche Designer Duga bụ Kuz'minskii Franz.

ule

The mbụ ule nke Chernobyl "Dougie" The State Commission mere na 1979. Ndị ọkachamara achọpụtala na mgbe kwadebere ule, nwere dozie a nọmba nke teknuzu nsogbu na pụta ruru ka iwebata kpamkpam pụrụ iche, ọhụrụ, enweghị atụ ahụmahụ na zuru ụwa ọnụ ego.

N'oge ọnwụnwa na-ahụrụ na-ebupụta nke ụgbọelu Tammy na ballistic agba si n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ US agha site, nyochara adequacy nke modul na ndabere nke nchọpụta nke metụtara na-ebupụta nke Intercontinental US akụ ụta.

N'otu oge imewe flaws na-mata, nke gụnyere a enweghị àgwà nchọpụta nke otu zaa na obere edemede nke ihe aga-eme. Elu-edu Duga ọrụ rụzuru naanị na ọnọdụ nke dị ike na-efega nke onye iro Intercontinental agba omume.

Dị ka mkpebi ndị ọchịchị nke 1982, na May 30, n'agbanyeghị a ụfọdụ ọtọ orunótu, ọ e nabatara n'ime a ikpe mmepe na 1982. The Chernobyl Duga.

N'oge a, ndị creators nke mgbagwoju e ọdịda Power - Danilov B. M., Vasenev VN Krokunov YU. M., Dubrovskiy N. F., na ndị ọzọ.

nsogbu

Chernobyl "Doug" - na ọ bụ ihe dị ịtụnanya owuwu. Ọnụ na ya na-wuru abụọ ọzọ dị otú ahụ dị na obodo nile nke Komsomolsk-on-Amur na Nikolaev. Na mmalite nke ọrụ nrụnye ndị ọzọ nsogbu. Ọ tụgharịrị na ụfọdụ n'ime ndị na-arụ ọrụ frequencies nke Rada ngwaọrụ e jikọtara na azu nsoro nke na ngwaọrụ na Civil Aviation nke European ike. USSR bụ officious ọgwụgwọ site n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ mba na ntọala emetụta nchekwa nke ikuku nsoro na mbupu ụlọ ọrụ.

USSR wee imebi na ojiji kwụsịrị ọrụ frequencies. Engineers ọrụ kpebisiri ike iji kpochapụ ọghọm nke Rada ọrụ. Designers na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-edozi ya, na 1985, mgbe upgrade, na unit malitere ruo Gospriomku.

esi kpọpụ mmadụ nile

Ọtụtụ mmadụ na-ajụ, sị: Chernobyl "Doug" - ihe bụ n'azụ a haziri? Mgbe 1986 Chernobyl mberede dakwasịrị, Duga wepụrụ ọgụ nche na ngwá mothballed. Nkịtị na ndị agha bi na kpọpụrụ ebe mmeru na radieshon.

Mgbe ndị agha na Soviet na-edu ndú ghọtara na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ọdachi, e kpebiri (na 1987) na-ewepụ ihe bara uru na ngwá na usoro ke obodo ukwu nke Komsomolsk-on-Amur.

Dị ka ihe atụ, a obere ihe owuwu na-enye ohere ọta ndị Soviet mba akwụsịla iji rụọ ọrụ, na obodo ukwu na ya akụrụngwa e chefuo na hapụrụ.

Fate ụgbọ

Chernobyl "Doug" - ihe ọ bụ? "Doug" (5N32) - Soviet-mmiri Rada ojii maka owuwu nke oge mbụ nchọpụta nke ballistic Intercontinental agha, ihe ndị e kwuru n'elu. E nwere ma ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ atọ dị otú ahụ ụgbọ:

• Na mgbagwoju "Arc-N" Nikolaeva banyere 47 Celsius 02'28 "p. w. 32 Celsius 11'57 "a. d. HG Nsụgharị Ụwa Ọhụrụ e mere isi mmebe F. A. Kuzminskim. Ọ a kagburu iwu na 2000.
• The Chernobyl mpaghara "Arc № 1" (draft Chernobyl-2) 51 ° 18'19 "p. w. 30 Celsius 03 "57" ka. d. HG Nsụgharị Ụwa Ọhụrụ na 51 Celsius 38 '15 ", p. w. 30 Celsius 42'10 "ka. d. HG Nsụgharị Ụwa Ọhụrụ. Mgbe modernization nke ala ule okpu (1985-1986 afọ). N'afọ 1986, 26 April, kwụsịrị n'ihi na Chernobyl mberede. Part nke ngwá e-ebu na Komsomolsk-on-Amur, ihe e kwuru n'elu.
• N'ime obodo nke Big Cartel, nso Komsomolsk-on-Amur 50 ° 53'34 "na. w. 136 ° 50'12 "a. d. HG Nsụgharị Ụwa Ọhụrụ na 50 ° 23'07 "p. w. 137 ° 19'41 "a. d Nsụgharị Ụwa Ọhụrụ HG -. naanị zubere maka mgbaàmà n'ikuku. Mgbasaozi isi e debere gburugburu Emechiela lian-2. Wepụrụ ọgụ nche na 1989, na November 14 n'ihi mgbanwe zuru ụwa ọnụ idụhe. Taa bibie.

imewe

Na foto Chernobyl "Doug" anya magnificently. Ọ bụ kpam kpam nzuzo ihe na n'afo 1980, nsuso nke elu-elu ihe na a anya nke 900 na 3000 km na circumpolar mpaghara. Site n'enyemaka nke ọnwụ onu na ndị dị ike na oge nke Rada, ndị agha tụgharịrị, na n'ụzọ nkịtị okwu ahụ, ile anya gabiga na mmiri.

N'ihi na nke àgwà ndị a, a mgbagwoju na aha ya bụ "Duga 1". Ọ na-e kere ndị na-emepụta na mmepe: Pin Yefim Kuz'minskii Franz Eta Shustov, V. Shamshin V. Vasiukov.

Ọdịdị

Kwere, mara mma na-adọrọ mmasị na-amụ nkọwa nke Chernobyl "Dougie." Ya Rada utom ke ugboro nso 5-28 MHz.

On kpọmkwem geometrical kwa nke Duga ike ikwu okwu. Ozi n'ihu ọha dị akwụkwọ ezi uche na ikekwe agbagọ. Antennas na-mere na ụkpụrụ nke phased n'usoro mpi. Ebe ọ bụ na ndị dị otú ahụ a dum ugboro gbalaga, otu mpi ghara yitewere, dum olu kewara abụọ n'akụkụ, na mpi arrays nwekwara hụrụ abụọ:

• Elu ugboro poolu Chernobyl "Arc" nwere ogologo nke 250 m na 100 m n'ịdị elu. Na map nke ogologo ya bụ 230 m.
• Low-ugboro poolu :. Elu nke masts 135 150 m, ogologo - site na 300 na 500 m The map ogologo ya bụ 460 m.

Ndị a kwa, imewe bụ anya site fọrọ nke nta n'ebe ọ bụla Chernobyl mwepu ebe. Near ebe e odude obliquely ionospheric-laghachi "gburugburu," nke bụ ihe inyeaka maka Duga, na nke na-amụba ugbu a data na Itie radio mmiri na ebili mmiri, ike ịkwaga n'etiti ha, ugboro ole na-ahọpụta ezigbo ọnụ.

Chernobyl "Arc" Rada naanị bu n'obi na-enweta n'ókè. Broadcasting center e odude nso obodo nke Rassudovo 60 km si Chernobyl-2 nso n'obodo Ljubech (Chernihiv mpaghara). Mgbasaozi antennas na-na-mere na ụkpụrụ nke phased n'usoro poolu na nwere nta akụkụ: ha elu hà 85 m B / h, dị ka E. Shevchenko, e etisasịwo ke 1988 afọ ..

Complete mmechi nke Chernobyl-2 akụrụngwa obodo ukwu ozugbo rụrụ: ọrụ a kwụsịtụrụ ruo 1987. Edi ikebịghike ama doro anya na na ọnọdụ nke nkewapụ ọ gaghị ekwe omume na-arụ ọrụ na mpaghara. Duga isi nkeji na-kagburu na-ewepụ.

na-akpali eziokwu

The elu nke Chernobyl "Dougie" egbu onye ọ bụla. On a isiokwu ndị film The Russian Woodpecker e filmed na 2015, nke bụ ihe kasị mma ndị si mba ọzọ akwụkwọ film ememme "Sundance" e ọdịda akwa juri.

N'ihi na-ahụkarị zuru ether (emepụta mgbe kụrụ aka), "Doug," wee malite ịkpọ Russian Woodpecker ( "Russian Woodpecker").

"Russian Woodpecker"

Ya mere, ị na-ama ma na elu nke Chernobyl "Dougie" buru oke ibu. First akpa mgbasaozi nke ihe a malitere na 1976, 4th nke July. Ha imegide ikike ime nhọrọ na mbara ala na radio nso nke 3 na 30 MHz. Pulses ekesa na etiti oge nke otu-ụzọ n'ụzọ iri nke a abụọ. Signal ndebanye e rụrụ bụghị naanị pụrụ iche akụrụngwa ọ nụrụ na a mfe transistor ka a jijiji na-akụ aka.

N'ọtụtụ mba gburugburu ụwa na "Russian Woodpecker" Mmiri zoro ala puku mkpesa nkịtị na-amu amu radio rụọ ụlọ ọrụ. Ebe ọ bụ na "Arc" kụrụ aka frequencies bụ ndị dị n'okpuru nchebe nke mba nkwekọrịta maka ndi nkiti na oriri, na US ọchịchị, Canada na UK nwere kwuru na Soviet Union mkpesa. Ma Soviet Union anabataghị ọbụna na, "Woodpecker" adị.

World Association of radio enwechaghị ahụmahụ ọbụna gbalịrị ebelata "Russian Woodpecker" site na-agbalị ka ohuru akụkụ anọ spikes na-abụghị na otu ugboro ka a mgbochi woodpecker transistor USSR. Ma nke a na-anwa bụghị ịga nke ọma.

On nhọpụta nke "Russian Woodpecker" ndị mmadụ malitere ime dị iche iche echiche. Ya mere, ọbụna n'ọkwá dị elu weere obi akara Ozizi. Otu n'ime ihe ndị ọkachamara nke Ministry of Defense kwuru na ọkọlọtọ "Russian woodpecker" bụ ike kacha ike isi iyi nke akpa radieshon na-ebi kere mmadụ. Ọ kwuru na a isi iyi nke na-emetụta uche, ebe ọ nwere 40 nde watts na 10 pulses kwa nke abụọ. O nwere mmasị eziokwu na nke a ume nwetara si Soviet Union na-emetụta nnọọ ihe nile dị na United States. Shtatovskih Federal Communications Commission ase rụrụ na 1988 na, n'ikpeazụ, ha hụrụ ihe bụ ezi nzube nke 'aak'.

ọmụmụ

Ndị ọzọ kwere omume mmetụta nke ọrụ "Russian woodpecker" site mgbanwe ihu igwe ọdachi mmetụta na nsụhọ nke pụta ifịk ifịk ekpep Western ọgụgụ isi ụlọ ọrụ, kpọrọ ihe tụlee "aak" dị ka ule ngwá agha USSR. Ndị a hypotheses e tọrọ ntọala, dị ka ọ dị ugbu a nyochara na-egosi a dịgasị iche iche nke mmetụta nke magnetoelectric radieshon ruo ọtụtụ afọ.

Ka ihe atụ, otu ọkà mmụta sayensị na naa ná mmalite narị afọ anwalewo eriri-eziga ọkụ eletrik, n'ihi nke ike ọkọnọ kwụsịrị na narị ọhịa ọkụ mere ruru a égbè eluigwe. In "Spekyula" magazine nnyocha e mere data e bipụtara na a chọpụtara na ụfọdụ ugboro magneto n'ókè pụrụ ibunye site n'ụwa.

Penetrating n'ime ya elu na n'akuku nke 30 degrees, ha na-miri emi na ụwa ụdị adade mmiri na ebili mmiri na-guzobere na mmiri na ebili mmiri enwupụta acha ọbara ọbara-ekpo ọkụ isi nke mbara ala. N'ihi nke a nwere ike ịpụta ikuku oké ifufe na ala ọma jijiji.

Dị ka akụkọ, ndị Norwegians guzosie ike a dị ike ọrụ redio, magnetoelectric radieshon nke nwere ike inye ịrị elu nke ionosphere adịghị n'ahịrị phenomena na gbochie nkịtị ọrụ nke ọnụ "Dougie."

Ebe ọzọ nke nnyocha kemgbe ihe nnyefe n'ókè nke na-emetụta ụmụ mmadụ psyche.

nuances

Construction nke ebe nso Chernobyl nuclear ike osisi na-akọwa na ya nnukwu ike ọdịnaya. Data si "Chernobyl-2" mgbe niile indulged na iwu ọdụ, mgbe on ọgụ ọrụ na-fledged ihe mgbe ịnọgide: Doorman ebili ma na-arụ ọrụ na gburugburu elekere. Gụnyere ndị ọkachamara na-eme nnyocha.

Na saịtị na akpa 1990s ọku mere, n'ihi ihe isi kwụsịrị ya ọrụ ná mmalite ịdọ aka ná ntị usoro.

The mbụ ule results nke Chernobyl ojii na ntụziaka nke usu-ugwu ụzọ gasị kụrụ afọ n'ala. N'ihi ọnụnọ nke pola okpu, nnukwu ionospheric disturbances na ndị ọzọ na oghom ọnọdụ pola na polar n'ógbè nke puru nke ịchọputa agha ebupụta bụ nnọọ obere. Banyere nke a, ndị ọnụ "Ljubech-1" Laghachikwuru rework. On ya e rụrụ na-akpọ lapping "pola" usoro. Mmepe na rụrụ ụka na finishing na-arụ ọrụ na ya pụta mma.

Site n'ụzọ, Mgbakọ n'otu nwere 1S31G cipher. Computer K-340A maka nhazi mgbama emepụta na pụrụ iche mmiri. Nzipu ngwá zubere maka igwe-ụlọ na osisi na Dnipropetrovsk, na gụnyere 26 redio ụgbọ, nke nke ọ bụla n'ime ha bụ nke a na-storey ụlọ.

film

Anyị na-ama kwuru n'elu na e mere banyere Chernobyl "Doug" Doc. film. Na-akpali akpali film "Russian Woodpecker" na-ewepụtara nchoputa nke onye ọzọ nke Chernobyl mberede, nke mere na 1986, na 26 April. Ya director bụ American Chad Gracia. The protagonist nke sere artist Fedor Aleksandrovich, na-enyocha Soviet aka ike usoro, na-egosi na a na mberede bụ na mberede.

Ihe ọmụma bara uru na fim a ọtụtụ - ọma, otu n'ime interviewees na-ekwu na-eme ndokwa na Chernobyl mberede nwere ike ime onye ọ bụla si na-arụ ọrụ ọtụtụ ụzọ dị iche iche.