Gịnị bụ ịkwanyere ihe onwunwe?

Ịkwanyere ihe ndị sịntetik Polymers nke bụ isi Polymers. Na ọrụ nke ngwaọrụ a na-eji ke ichekwa chlorine 57%, na mmanụ na ego nke 43%.

general nkọwa

Ịkwanyere akọ sịntetik thermoplastic ihe. Dabere na ihe polymerization ọnọdụ, na-emepụta a ngwaahịa nke nwere ike dị iche iche chemical na n'ụzọ anụ ahụ e ji mara. Ịkwanyere dabeere ihe nwere ike plasticized na-abụghị plasticized. Anya, polyvinyl chloride bụ a na-acha ọcha ntụ ntụ na bụ odorless na uto. Ọ bụ nnọọ inogide, nwere magburu onwe dielectric e ji mara dị ka nke ọma dị ka unyi anaghị agbasa na mmiri. Ịkwanyere ihe na-eguzogide ọgwụ alcohols, alkalis, ịnweta mmanụ. Ha na-soluble na Eta, na mbụ hụkwa. Ka solvents nwere ike igosi ketones, aromatic na chlorinated hydrocarbons. The kọwara ihe bụ eguzogide ọxịdashọn na o siri ike flammable. Ọ bụ eguzogide ọgwụ, ala thermal kwụsie ike, na mgbe doro a okpomọkụ nke 100 degrees erekasịchaala amalite emit hydrogen chloride. Iji nweta mma solubility na elu okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, polyvinyl chloride na-chlorinated.

Isi physico-chemical e ji mara

Molekụla ibu àmà site 40 000 na 145 000. The ihe onwunwe autoignited na okpomọkụ nke bụ hà 1100 degrees. Ezie na flash mgbe bụ 500 degrees. The flash pụtara na 624 degrees. Njupụta bụ na nso nke 1,34 gram kwa cubic sentimita. Otutu njupụta dịgasị si 0.4 ka 0,7 grams kwa cubic sentimita. Ịkwanyere ihe amalite amalite irekasị na 100-140 degrees. Vitrification bụ rụrụ na 70-80 ogo.

gburugburu ebe obibi nkọwa

Polyvinyl chloride bụ a ubé nsi na decomposition ngwaahịa nwere ike ime ka iyatesịt nke mmadụ elu akụkụ okuku ume na tract. Akwakọba ájá bụ ọkụ. Ọ bụrụ na ihe na-ewe iwe ihe karịrị 150 degrees, omume rụrụ arụ ndị nke polima amalite, Bilie evolushọn nke hydrogen chloride na carbon monoxide. Ndị a Filiks na-emerụ ahụ mmadụ.

Ịkwanyere ihe nwere ike nọgidere na-ejikwara na a kacha okpomọkụ hà 60 degrees. Plasticized umu ike nke na-enwe obi jụrụ ka -60 degrees.

mmepụta Atụmatụ

Ọ bụrụ na i nwere mmasị na ajụjụ nke ihe ịkwanyere ihe onwunwe, ọ dị mkpa iji matakwuo na mmepụta technology. Common nnu akadiahade n'oge electrolysis na hydrogen, chlorine na caustic soda. Nga mbụ akụrụngwa na-etisasịwo na mmiri, na decomposition na-ewe ebe n'okpuru nduzi nke electric ụgwọ. Iche site na gas ma ọ bụ mmanụ site a usoro a na-akpọ cracking, rụrụ ethylene mmepụta. Nzọụkwụ na-esonụ bụ chlorine compound na acetylene. Mesịa, ethylene dichloride a nwetara nke, mgbe eji maka mmepụta nke vinyl chloride monomer. Ọ bụ nke ikpeazụ akụrụngwa-eme ka ndị isi otu ke imewe nke ịkwanyere. N'oge polymerization nke vinyl chloride monomer ụmụ irighiri na-jikọtara, n'ihi bụ omume na-enweta nsogbu dị iche iche. Ọ na-bụ akụrụngwa, na kwukwara na ọ ụdị nile nke bekee, iji nweta a dịgasị iche iche nke e ji mara ihe.

Ngwaahịa mere nke ịkwanyere

Mere nke ịkwanyere ihe nile di iche iche nke ngwaahịa taa bụ nnọọ mfe. Iji mee nke a, na-eji dị iche iche teknụzụ, n'etiti ha bụ ndị na Rolling, ịkpụzi nrụgide na extrusion. Suspension ịkwanyere ihe atụ, na-eji maka mmepụta nke rọrọ, ike na ọkara nro na plasticized plastik. Emulsion ịkwanyere bụ ihe ndabere maka soft ngwaahịa.

Akporo nke eji

Ihe ịkwanyere-ntekwasa, n'ụzọ zuru ezu mere na ndabere nke ịkwanyere, taa hụrụ ya ngwa na nkà mmụta ọgwụ. The kwalitere uka eji na mpaghara ebe a bụ na ha kwesịrị iji dochie iko na roba ma igba ogwu disposable na reusable. N'ime oge ahụ, ịkwanyere hụrụ ihe nile ruru inertia na chemical kwụsie ike. Medical ngwaahịa mere nke ịkwanyere, ike ga-eji ọbụna n'ime ahụ mmadụ, ha na-adịghị ịgbawa mfe igba ogwu na na na-adịghị ihihi.

Polyvinyl chloride na-ekesa dị ka a ihe n'ihi na ụgbọala mmepụta. Na nkà ọ bụ nke abụọ kasị ukwuu polima mgbe polypropylene. Na akpakanamde ụlọ ọrụ ọ na-eji maka imewe nke oru isiokwu, coatings, cable mkpuchi, ogwe-aka-na-adịgide, ngwá windo, ewepụtụ, na otú pụta. The njupụta nke ihe onwunwe nke ịkwanyere na ya ọzọ e ji mara ndị e depụtara n'elu, ga-adị okwu nke ndụ nke ụgbọ ala. Taa, akwụkwọ ikike oge afọ 17, mgbe ọ ka na seventies nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ, a na ọnụ ọgụgụ bụ karịa 11 afọ.

Ngwa n'ubi mere ka ala mmanụ ụgbọala na-akwụ ụgwọ. Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na polima ji na-erughị, na ụgbọ ala àgwà na-adịghị belata. Polyvinyl chloride ka enwekwukwa ụgbọala nchekwa. Ọ na-eji na mmepụta nke ogwe, airbags na ihe ndị ọzọ. Ihe iguzogide ọku, kwa, enwekwu nchekwa nke ụgbọ ala.

Ọ bụrụ na ị na-eche banyere ihe bụ ịkwanyere ihe onwunwe, ọ dị mkpa iji mara nakwa na ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike ji mee ihe maka imewe nzube. Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na-esi na ya na anyị nwere ike ịmepụta na ngwaahịa nke ọ bụla udi.

Jiri na-ewu

Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-atụle ihe nile nke Polymers, ọ bụ ihe kasị n'ọtụtụ ebe na ịkwanyere na-ewu. The isi e ji mara ndị na-ekele na nkà, nwere ike ịbụ na-akwanyere ùgwù na-eyi ndị na-eguzogide, ala ibu, n'ibu ike, iguzogide corrosion na ndị ọzọ na Filiks, dị ka nke ọma dị ka thermal mmetụta na weather phenomena. Ịkwanyere nwere ike na-akpọ ihe ndị magburu onwe refractory ihe onwunwe, nke bụ ike edita. Ọ bụ ya mere ọ ga-eji na saịtị ndị ahụ, nke bụ isiokwu pụrụ iche a chọrọ maka ọkụ nchekwa.

ọgwụgwụ

Ọ bụrụ na ị na-ahọrọ iji ịkwanyere onwe onye nzube, nke ihe onwunwe dị mma karịa ya, ọ dị mkpa na-ekpebi n'ihu zụọ. Otú ọ dị, ọ ga-ahụ kwuru ịkwanyere na-ebe-agbasa dị iche iche ebe maka a dịgasị iche iche nke ihe ndị mere. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na e kọwara isiokwu.