Graben - ya ... Gịnị grabens, na otú ha na-guzobere

Ke ibuotikọ Ka anyị tụlee ajụjụ ndị metụtara kere eke. Gịnị bụ napụ na otú ha na-guzobere? Ọzọkwa, na-achọ ndị dị n'ihu, ntị ka iche nke graben - a horst.

Gịnị bụ graben

Graben - a sagging òkè nke ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ, nke e guzobere n'ihi nke tectonic kpatara na guzo n'etiti welitere òkè.

Grabens emekarị ime ka a n'ihi nke tensile agha gburugburu zụrụ ala ebe. N'okpuru ihe nke ala subsidence emee na a itinye nkume formations.

Tinyere n'ọnụ nke graben apụta towering akụkụ, nke na-kpụrụ ìgwè ọhụrụ na udiri anumanu, ha na-akpọ "nku nke graben."

The ogologo nwere ike iru ole na ole iri puku kwuru iri ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ narị kilomita - n'obosara. The kasị akpọ na a maara nke ọma grabens nọ East Africa. Ha na-emi odude tinyere ọdọ mmiri Tanganyika, Victoria, Nyansa. Na Russia, ndị kasị ibu graben - ọ bụ Barguzin efere, efere nke Lake Baikal.

Na usoro mbara igwe anyị kasị ukwuu graben - Vallès Marineris, emi odude Mars. Reason Education - mgbawa ugwu ahụ.

Gịnị bụ a horst

Horst - bụ upbeat na ngọngọ mmejọ nke jikọrọ ọnụ, e guzobere dị ka a n'ihi nke tectonic mmegharị.

Ikwu n'elu atọ ụdị horst:

1. Ọchịchọ - elu n'elu dum n'ógbè a na weturu n'otu akụkụ.
2. Nkpirikpi - na e nwere a stepwise ibelata ala.
3. Unilateral - laa azu mmejọ ma ọ bụ mmejọ ime na otu akụkụ naanị.

Horst mgbe ikpokọta ike ugwu na ewepụghị n'elu. Ogologo-emekarị ọtụtụ narị, na obosara - iri puku kwuru iri kilomita, idi-elu - a puku ole na ole mita. Doro anya ihe atụ bụ horst ugwu na Spain Sierra Nevada ugwu n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Germany, nke Black Forest.

N'ihi na oge mbụ na okwu bụ "horst" ke ẹkenam ke geological sayensị na 1873 site na Austrian Edward Suess. Ekwu okwu na ya onwe ya kwuru, graben - a oghere, Horst - ugwu.

esemokwu

Rift - linear kwụ nnukwu ịda mbà n'obi na ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ. A, a set nke Ikuku bi a nnukwu ebe ókèala.

E nwere ihe abụọ na ụdị esemokwu zones - Oceanic na continental.

The mbụ n'ihi n'ebe a wụrụ awụ magma na-abịa site n'ebe dịkarịsịrị omimi nke Earth na oké osimiri n'ala. Magma nrụgide pushes isiike lithospheric efere, dị ka a N'ihi nke a usoro a kpụrụ eto eto Oceanic jikọrọ ọnụ.

Continental esemokwu zones ii site n'ịzụ n'elu plumes (ọkụ uwe), na mgbawa ugwu ahụ emee thinning, na-esetịpụkwa nke continental jikọrọ ọnụ. Dị otú ahụ rifts nwere ike iduga guzobe nke a ọhụrụ oké osimiri. The East African Rift usoro, ya bụ na ndị Afar region, n'ebe ụfọdụ, kpụrụ Oceanic jikọrọ ọnụ bụ eto eto.

Rifts, nke kwụsịrị na mmepe na-adịghị ghọọ oké osimiri, na-akpọ aulacogens. Na-emekarị, ndị dị n'ebe ndị kpụrụ ego nke eke ego. Ka ihe atụ, Devonian Donetsk nupụsịrị bụ isi coal m.

Na-emekarị a Nchikota horst-graben - a aulacogene.