Great Armenian eze

Na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Armenia abụọ oge na ọganihu na-akụziri ndị Great Alaeze Ukwu na afọ nke ike n'okpuru ndị na-achị obodo ndị ọzọ. Great Armenian eze Artashes m na Tigran Veliky, Trdat m, Arshak na papa m na-ama maka ha rụzuru na Armenian mkpakọrịta na a ọgaranya na ukwuu mepụtara ala, nakwa dị ka okwu nke Kraịst ike na mba.

Isiokwu na-agwa banyere ọtụtụ Armenian usoro ndị eze na na eze ukwu nke Byzantium Armenian malite.

History of Armenia

Armenia - ókèala nke ala, na n'etiti Caspian na Black n'oké osimiri. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Armenian obodo nwere banyere 2.5 puku. Afọ, ọ bụ ezie na ya mmalite-aga azụ ka oge nke ọdịda nke Urartu na Asiria, mgbe e nwere alaeze nke Armagh, Shubra (12 na. BC. E.), na mesịrị ghọọ a Sitia-Armenian.

The oge ochie ebo nile nke Armenia wee ebe a si Balkan, na mgbe e mesịrị na narị afọ nke 7. BC. e. ofufe (oge ochie aha nke Armenia) nwere ókèala ndị South Caucasus, nke mbụ bụ nke alaeze Urartu, na webatara n'ime obodo.

Na 6 narị afọ. BC. e. ha kere a Ọkaakaa ala, mgbe ahụ, e nwere otu oge nke ya irubere na-atụgharị ndị Asiria, ndị Midia na alaeze, Peasia, ndị Siria, Aleksandru Makedonskomu. 200 afọ BC. e. Armenia adị dị ka akụkụ nke Seleucid alaeze, mgbe ahụ, ọzọ ghọrọ onwe ha. State ẹkewetde nke Great na Little Armenia. Dị ka nnyocha nke akụkọ ihe mere eme mbụ Armenian eze Great Armenia Artashes m were ebekpo ke 189 BC. e. na ghọrọ nchoputa nke usoro ndị eze Artashesids.

Na 70 BC. e. 2 nke re-n'otu ke otu ala. Ebe ọ bụ na 63 AD Armenian ala ndị nọ n'okpuru Alaeze Ukwu Rom, na 3rd narị afọ ebe ahụ agbasawo okpukpe Ndị Kraịst. Mgbe 4 afọ Great Armenia ghọrọ dabere na Persia, na mgbe ahụ, na 869 nweela onwe ọzọ.

Malite site 1080, ụfọdụ ebe-ada n'okpuru ikike nke ndị Gris, ndị ọzọ nọ pụọ Turkey. Na 1828, n'ebe ugwu nke Armenia sonyeere Russian Alaeze Ukwu, mgbe ahụ, na 1878 a sonyeere akụkụ na Kars na Batumi.

Ancient usoro ndị eze nke Armenian eze

Otu n'ime ndị kasị ochie nke ndị eze chịrị Armenia azọrọ na ocheeze nke Achaemenid eze na-ewere ha setrap.

Onye ama ama nke usoro ndị eze nke Armenian eze:

• Ervandids - chịrị na mba na oge site na 401 na 200 afọ. BC. e, ruo mmeri Seleucus: Yervand m na II, Kodoman Yervand II (re). Mihran Yervand III, Artavasdes Yervand IV.
• Next n'usoro ha si mee - na usoro ndị eze Sophene na bilie mgbe mmeri na ịdị n'otu nke Armenian ala Sofena satrapy na isi obodo ya Armavir (na Ararat Valley). O we buru eze si 260 BC. e. ruo mgbe '95 List of Armenian eze nke usoro ndị eze ya, Arsham, Xerxes, Zareh, Mitroborzan m (Artran) Ervand V. wee Sophene meriri Tigran Ukwu ahụ, na jikọọ na Great Armenia.
• The kasị ama akụkọ ihe mere eme usoro ndị eze Artashesids chịrị mba ahụ ebe 189 BC. e. na ruo 1 afọ n. e. - a maara nke ọma-eze Artashes m, m na Tigran Tigran II Ukwu ahụ, Artavazd m na II, na ndị ọzọ.
• Arshakids Dynasty (51-427 gg.), Nchoputa nke nke bụ Tiridates m, nwanne Parthian eze Vologeza I. Ná ngwụsị nke ọchịchị ha bụ mbibi nke eze ike site ndị Peasia, mgbe ọtụtụ narị afọ Armenia malitekwara ịchị ndị eze họpụtara ndị Persian ike (marzban) na Byzantium ( Curopalates) na ostikany Arab caliphs.

Ndị eze nke ndị Great Armenian Alaeze Ukwu

The kasị ama - na usoro ndị eze Artashesids Great Armenia, nke bịara n'ime iwu na 189 BC. e. Armenian eze Artashes m bịara ocheeze Great Armenia mgbe mkpọsa nke ya Seleucid eze Antiochus III. Artashes Artashesids ghọrọ nchoputa nke usoro ndị eze, na ghọrọ ama dị ka a mara ndozigharị ahụ na onye mmeri. Ọ bụ ike nọrọ n'okpuru ya dum bi na nke Armenia nke Armenian ala dị larịị na ụfọdụ ndị agbata obi ebe. N'ihi ya Great Armenia ngwa ngwa dịkwuo ha n'ókèala na mma n'oge agha.

Obodo mbụ nke Artashat e wuru na ekpe ụlọ akụ nke Arax River na 166 BC. e., na isi obodo kpaliri. Dị ka ochie akụkọ mgbe Artashes m nwere a dị nnọọ mkpa ala mgbanwe, mgbe ịmata ihe dị iche ndị eze, ọchịchị na anyị na ala.

Military mkpọsa nke eze a nke ọma ma nye aka dịkwuo n'ókèala Great Armenia. Na eze mere ka njem niile ntụziaka, nke nta nke nta na-emeri niile gbara agbata obi mpaghara. Otu n'ime ndị kasị ama mkpọsa bụ mgbe Artashes gbalịrị weghara ọchịchị ndị Gris ala nke Middle East, ma na-enyemaka nke Seleucid ha nọgidere na onwe ha. The oge nke ọchịchị ya kere fọrọ nke nta ka afọ 30 ruo ọnwụ ya.

Mgbe ọnwụ nke nwa-ya Artashes, Armenian Tsar Tigran m, ọdụ n'ocheeze na 160 BC. e. Ọ bịara mara maka sonyeere agha megide ndị Parthian ala. The oge nke agha di n'etiti Armenia na Parthians bụ nnọọ ogologo - fọrọ nke nta afọ 65. Armenia buru eze n'ọnọdu Artavazd m, nwa nwa Artashes. Na na na 95 BC. e. eze nwanne ya (dị ka ụfọdụ ndị si, nwa), nke e mesịrị natara aha Tigran Veliky.

King Tigran Veliky

Tigran II A mụrụ 140 BC. e. na-eto eto nọrọ dị ka onye mkpọrọ na n'obí Eze Mithridates II, onye were ya na-emeri nke Armenian agha. Mgbe ozi ọma bịara nke ọnwụ nke Armenian eze Artavazd m, Tigran ike ịzụta ya nnwere onwe, kama na-enye a nnukwu ebe ala na mpaghara nke Kurdistan.

Armenian King Tigran Veliky nọrọ na ike ruo afọ 40, n'oge nke Armenia mere ịrịba mbụ eze ukwu ike. Ọchịchị ya malitere na a mma oge mgbe Roman ike kwaturu na mpaghara Evpatoria King Mithridates (eze Pọntọs), bụ onye ike nọrọ ná nchebe maka onwe ya niile Black Sea.

Tigran lụọ nwunye nwa-nwayi Mitridata Cleopatra. Ya dum mba ọzọ amụma na-iji ọnụ ọgụgụ agha megide ndị Rom na mmalite (na nkwado nke Mithridates nke Pọntọs), na n'ihi na ọ bụ ike iji laghachi enye ala merie Asiria, Edessa na ndị ọzọ n'ókèala weghaara ala ugwu Mesopotamia.

Na 83 BC. e. Armenian agha nchikota na Siria ma ama na ndị ahịa wakporo Syria, weghaara Silishia na Finishia n'ebe ugwu Palestine. Meriri anāchi achi na 120 satrapies, o wee malite ịgwa onwe ya Eze nke ndị eze na Chineke, na-atọhapụ mkpụrụ ego ọlaọcha, nke bụ ihe kasị mma (dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme kwubiri) n'etiti ihe nile e minted Armenian eze (lee foto. N'okpuru ebe).

Ego na-minted n'Antiọk na Damascus na e sere Tigrana Velikogo 5-kapịrị ọnụ kpakpando na tiare na ugo. Mgbe e mesịrị, o wuru na nke Mint. Akara ke Syria ruo afọ 14, na Armenian King Tigran II Ukwu nyeere akụ na ụba ha revival, na-eweta n'ala udo na ọganihu.

N'ime afọ ndị a, ike ya na-gbasara a buru ibu ebe, si Caspian Sea na Mediterranean, si Mesopotamia na Pontic Alps. Armenian Alaeze Ukwu ghọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'otu nakwa na onye ọ bụla nke na-achịkwa na-ekwu tụọrọ ya ụtụ, ma ka nọgide na-enwe ha onwe ha iwu na ọnọdụ nke ihe kwurula ihe gbasara onye isi.

A oge nke Armenia na-anọchi anya na-elekọta mmadụ Ọdịdị nwayọọ nwayọọ na-atụgharị na incipient ọcha nke feudalism. Na nke a, n'ezinụlọ nzukọ jikọtara na nile iji ohu, bụ ndị ha aka mkpọrọ weghaara na ndị agbata obi ebe n'oge dị iche iche agha.

Tigran Veliky malite iwu ha isi obodo Tigranakert (n'oge ndịda Turkey), bụ nke e turu ime site ya dị ka a na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na aku na uba na etiti nke ala, nke ga-achị Armenian eze. Ka ha jupụta obodo ndị mmadụ, ọ gbara ndị njem nke ndị Juu, nakwa dị ka forcibly birighachi bi na nke bibiri anāchi achi ọbụna ha na-amanye ịkwaga 12 obodo Greece dị ka ụfọdụ ndị si - ngụkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ekupụ-eme atụmatụ na 300 puku.

Otú ọ dị, '72 n'ihi nna ya Mithridates Tigran banyere agha Rome, nke bụ mmalite nke ya mmeri na ida nke Alaeze Ukwu ke Armenia. The Roman n'ozuzu Lucullus kpataara a oké mmeri, ottorgnuv Syria na Finishia, nọchibidoro oge ochie isi obodo nke Artaxata. Ekem, ke '66 wee Parthian agha na-agha, na ndị eze nyefere ndị Rom, na-ewere a ọkụ ọkụ udo. Ndị fọdụrụ 11 afọ, mgbe ọ nọ na-ama ochie na-adịghị ike, na-Armenian eze wee na-achị mba dị ka a nọ n'okpuru nke Rome.

King Artavazd II

Artavazd ghọrọ eze na 55 BC. e. na ọ bụ ihe kacha gụrụ akwụkwọ na mụtara. Eze a aga were were n'ọnụ na Grik, a maara dị ka otu ọkachamara na akwụkwọ na ọbụna dere ọdachi na ihe mere eme. Kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi n'otu Rome, Artavazd zitere 50000th agha ọgụ ndị Parthians. Ma mgbe e mesịrị sonyeere ha na Union site n'inye ya nwa nwanne nke Parthian eze Orodes.

Ọ chịrị mba maka 20 afọ na-agafe na udo na ọganihu. Otú ọ dị, na-ekwu okwu n'akụkụ nke na ndị ọchịchị Rom nke Mark Antony na Cleopatra, enye ama odori nke ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru. Armenian eze Artavazd na ezinụlọ ya Marcus Antonius ada na ígwè na-etinye na ebere nke Cleopatra, bụ ndị nwara obi tara mmiri osisi ịta vyznat ha ebe nchekwa akụ anakọtara Armenian eze. Na ndị agha Antony n'oge a na-apụnara ihe Armenian obodo ma bibie ụlọ nsọ nke chi nwanyị Anahit. Enweghị ebe ọ maara ihe ọ bụla, Cleopatra nyere iwu igbu eze Armenia, bụ onye nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ.

Arshakids Dynasty na ọmụmụ nke Christianity

Arshakids - usoro ndị eze, nke na-achị na Patia (Iran taa) na 250-228 BC. e. Nke a na ụdị na ọtụtụ narị afọ bụ a eze, ọ na-ejikọrọ na ihe ndị mere ụwa akụkọ ihe mere eme. The nna nna nke Armenian alaka nke eze ghọrọ Tiridates (Trdat m), nke were ocheeze Armenia na njedebe nke 1st na narị afọ. All a, na-adịru mgbe ebighị Roman-Persian Agha na esemokwu.

Trdat m - eze mbụ nke Armenians, onye ẹkenam Armenian Christian okwukwe. Na 2-3 ọtụtụ narị afọ. a okpukpe nile na ógbè ndị gbara ya gburugburu Armenia. N'ihi ya, Apostolic Church of Antioch nke ala na oge ochie center nke Edessa na Mesopotamia mee ka mgbasa nke Christianity, na mgbe ahụ ghọrọ-ewu ewu odide nke Bishop Theophilus na Marcus Aurelius, na-ekwusa Kraịst.

Otu n'ime ndị kasị ama akụkọ ihe mere eme aha, ọkacha mmasị Armenian ndị mmadụ ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ: St. Gregory na Illuminator, onye si Patia Armenia ikwusa Christian okwukwe ebe a. N'ihi na eziokwu na nna ya bụ ndị na-egbu ọchụ eze Khosrow m (238 g), onye chịrị Armenia Trdat III Gregory tụbara n'ụlọ mkpọrọ eze nnukwu ụlọ, ebe e mesịakwa ọ nọrọ afọ 15.

Trdat m mesịrị tọhapụrụ nke St. Gregory, nke bụ ihe ịrịba ama nke mgbaghara gwọrọ site na oké echiche ọrịa na baptizim ya, na ihe nile n'obí ya. Na 302, na Gregory na Illuminator ghọrọ a bishop na a họpụtara isi nke Armenian Christian chọọchị.

Na 359 amalite Persian-Roman agha, ihe ga-esi nke na-aghọ Rome imeri. N'oge a na Armenian ocheeze chịrị Arshak II (345-367 gg.), Ònye na-amalite a agha Persia, bụbu ibido nnọọ ihe ịga nke ọma maka Armenia, ma mgbe ahụ, eze Peasia Shaluh aghụghọ captures na-ekwubi Arshak n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ebe ọ nọ nwụọ.

N'oge a, ya na nwunye ya Parandzem nwewara iro agha na ebe e wusiri ike Artagers ọnụ na 11-ike agha. Mgbe ogologo agha, ụnwụ na ọrịa malitere, ebe e wusiri ike dara, na Parandzem okowot, arara ya ahụhụ.

Nwa-ya, papa m laghachi Armenia na-abụ eze ekele na Eze Ukwu Rom Vagesu. N'oge ọchịchị ya, (370-374 gg.) Ndi a oge nke nwughari nke ebibi niile, mweghachi nke ụka na-etinye iji na nke ọha na eze omume. Armenian King papa m mere agha meriri n'agha Dziravskom Peasia na weghachiri eweghachi udo na Armenia.

Ọcha na mba si mba ọzọ mwakpo, King papa nsịn idem ke mweghachi nke ala, ọ nanị n'umu nke ụka na ka mbụ onwe nke Armenian Catholic Church, ike agha, nọrọ ụfọdụ mgbanwe. Otú ọ dị, site Eze Ukwu Rom Vagesa ha araba ya ka a sumptuous oriri, nke meanly si mesoo-eto eto Armenian Patriot.
Na akụkọ ihe mere eme, ọ nọgidere dị ka otu n'ime ihe kasị ike na Armenian eze.

Mgbe ọnwụ nke Pope n'ocheeze ndị eze ahụ nọ Varazdat (374-378), Arshak (378-389), Khosrow, Vramshapouh (389-417), Shapur (418-422), Artashes Ardashir (422-428).

Na 428 BC Peasia nwere Armenia - ya biri oge nke ịdị ukwuu na ọganihu nke ala nke Great Armenia, nke chịrị site ama Armenian eze.

The ida nke Great Armenia na resettlement nke Armenia

Armenia malitere ibi Byzantium si 4th narị afọ, n'ihi na ejighị n'aka ọnọdụ ná mba, ebe e nwere mgbe niile ọgụ egbe na agbata obi na-ekwu. Mgbe e mbibi nke alaeze ukwu ike na nkewa nke Great Armenia n'etiti Byzantium na Persia, ọtụtụ isi bugara Byzantium, ya na ndị ezinụlọ ha na ndị agha nkeji. Ha chọrọ iji ha agha nkà na talent na ndutịm ọrụ.

N'ime afọ ndị a, e nwere a uka resettlement nke Armenia na Balkan, Cyprus na Silishia, na North Africa. Ihe na-ewu ka n'oru agha na bodyguards of Armenian si na ulo-nche nke Byzantine Power ama kee maka a ogologo oge. Ukwuu ji Armenian ndi agha na ndị agha ọzọ nkeji. Na ha na-enịm bụghị nanị na isi obodo ma na-na obodo ndị ọzọ (akpan akpan ke Italy na Sicily).

Armenian eze nke Byzantium

Ọtụtụ ndị Armenia Toro agha na ime mmụọ ọnọdụ ẹkenịmde na nkà mmụta sayensị na-eme, na-ezi na ebe obibi na mahadum. Fame bịara mara nka na architects. Armenian ma ama, ịbụ ụmụ nke oge ochie eze nwa, nke nta nke nta site na Byzantium biri ofụri Europe, banye mmekọrịta ama na ezinụlọ eze.

Na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Byzantium n'ocheeze ahụ, gara karịa 30 eze ukwu nke Armenian malite. N'etiti ha: Mauritius (582-602), Emperor Heraclius m (610-641), philippics Vartan (711-713), Leo na Armenian (813-820), Basil m na Macedonian (867-886), Roman m Lakapin (920- 944), Ioann Tsimiskhy (969-976) na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.

Famous Armenian eze nke Byzantium

Dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme na ndekọ, na 11-12 ọtụtụ narị afọ. Armenian mba nwere 10-15% nke na-achị oké ozu na Byzantium, ma n'etiti ndi-eze bụ ụmụ Armenian nkịtị onye na-egosipụta dị iche iche ebekpo, ọ bụghị mgbe niile n'ụzọ ezi omume.

The kasị ama Byzantine eze nke Armenian si:

• Emperor Heraclius I. na-metụtara usoro ndị eze Arshakids, e nkà na agha talent, na-ebu mgbanwe na ochichi na ndị agha, na-eweghachi ike nke Byzantium, kwubiri a ibe bara uru nkwekọrịta na Great Bulgaria na akụ na ụba na ike agha enyemaka, ọ nọrọ ọtụtụ agha arụmọrụ n'oge Iran-Byzantine War laghachi Jerusalem, isi Christian okpukpe Shinto nke Nsọ cross (mbụ weghaara eze Peasia).
• Filippik Vardan. O kwuru na-ekwu na alaeze ukwu ebekpo, a chụgara n'àgwàetiti Kefalonia, mgbe ahụ, Hersonissos, nke mere na nnupụisi na-enyemaka nke ndị Khazars weghaara Constantinople na ghọrọ eze ukwu. Site nkwenye bụ Monothelite nke dugara emegideghŽ Church of Rome, o kpuo ìsì site ndi-nkekọta.
• Leo na Armenian. We site na ụdị Artsruni, ada agha abụrụ onye agha na Constantinople Bulgarians, wepụ Onyeisi Nicephorus nke Constantinople (815) na-akpọ a local kansụl chọọchị, na-akpọsa a laghachi ụkpụrụ iconoclast Katidral ke Hyeres. Ọ e gburu n'oge a Christmas ọrụ December 820
• Biography Vasiliya m Makedonyanina full ibe akara aka. Oru ugbo a mụrụ, ọ nọrọ ya na nwata ya na ezinụlọ ya ná ndọrọ n'agha na Bulgaria, mgbe efehe Thrace. Mgbe na-akpụ akpụ Constantinople, o sonyeere ndị eze ukwu stables, ya mara mma anya dọtara uche nke Eze Ukwu Michael 3rd, ghọrọ ya mmasị, na mgbe e mesịrị lụrụ di na nwunye ya ekaufọk. Mgbe mkpochapu ike alaeze ukwu ikwu Basil na 866, enye ama akabade co-regent, na mgbe ahụ na-egbu eze ukwu nọ na 867, were ocheeze ahụ na tọrọ ntọala a ọhụrụ usoro ndị eze. N'etiti ndị ya onyinye Byzantium. Byzantine systematization nke iwu, size ndị agha na na mgbasa nke ndị ọzọ nwụrụ site na mberede mgbe nta (886).

• Roman m Lakapin. Ọzọkwa ya si Armenian nkịtị, ndị ghọrọ ka Chọọchị Ọtọdọks na-akwalite Chief nke Imperial Navy, iji stealth na aghụghọ jide ike, mgbe ahụ, di na nwunye nwa-ya nwayi ka eze ukwu na ghọrọ "basileopator" (nna eze), na mgbe ahụ were n'ocheeze. Ya na ọrụ ya na-elekwasị anya na-agha megide ndị oké ozu, bụ onye nwere nnukwu ebe nke ala na ihu ọma nke smallholder strateia. Ọ ghọrọ ama dị ka a nna ukwu nke aghụghọ na izu ọjọọ, ma ọ tara ahụhụ n'aka ndị gbara izu mmegide - umu nke aka ya, nke e jidere ya, chụgara a obibi ndị mọnk, ebe ọ bụ a afọ na sonyeere dị ka otu ndị mkpọrọ. Enye ama akpa ke 948, na
• Ioann Tsimiskhy. O Si Bịa a magburu Armenian ezinụlọ na bụ onye ikwu nke gara aga Emperor Nicephorus, bụ ndị na-igbu ọchụ. Mgbe ọ ghọrọ Eze nke Byzantium, na-arụsi ọrụ nke ọrụ ebere, site ụlọ n'ụlọ ọgwụ na-ekesa ngwongwo ya ndị ogbenye. Military ya mkpọsa ada itie ke n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, bụ n'ihi ha laghachiri Syria na Finishia n'okpuru Byzantine ike. Ọ na ọjọọ ya mbụ ozi Lekapenom.

Usoro ndị eze ndị chịrị mgbe mbibi nke Great Armenia

Great Armenian eze - Artashes m, Agu II Ukwu - bu ndi-isi nke Armenia n'oge ya heyday na akụ na ụba. Mgbe 428 sochiri a oge mgbe mba ahụ nọ na-achị ndị gọvanọ họpụtara ndị ọzọ na-ekwu. Ọ bụ naanị kemgbe njedebe nke 9 na narị afọ na Armenian ọchịchị laghachiri usoro ndị eze:

• Bagratids (885-1045 gg.);
• Rubenids-hethumids-Lusignans (1080-1375).

The mbụ nnọchiteanya nke onyeisi ezinụlọ Bagratuni, n'otu ọtụtụ Armenia n'okpuru ike ya (mgbe oge mgbe ike nke ndị Arab) aghọwo ndị eze nke Armenian Ashot m na II Iron, Smbat m, Ashot III Onye Ebere. The ikpeazụ nnọchiteanya nke ụdị Gagik II e weghaara na mgbe mkparita uka na Alaeze Ukwu Byzantium ajụla alaeze ahụ.

Armenian eze Rubenids Dynasty Ruben m, Constantine m, Toros m, Levon m, Taurus II, Levon II, Isabella. Dynasty Rubenids-Hetumyan (Hethoum m, Levon III of, II of Hethoum, Toros III of, Smbat na ndị ọzọ.) Enweere on Levon V mezhdinasticheskogo mgbe alụmdi na nwunye, nke ike e bufere Frank eze Cyprus.

Dynasty Rubenids-Lusignan: Constantine III, IV, Levon VI, Konstantin V, Levon VII. Na 1375, na steeti a wakporo na-ebibi ndị agha nke Ijipt nke Mamluks na Sultan nke Iconium, na King Levon VII lara ezumike nká na a ebe obibi ndị mọnk na Paris.