Hemostatic mmadụ. Hemostatic mmadụ na ọrịa ụmụ nwanyị

Ọtụtụ mgbe anyị na-eme arụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ n'etiti oru ga-emeso hemorrhages nke dị iche iche orunótu. Karịsịa, na ụmụaka na ndị okenye - na a ụta, mgbe mwepụ nke ezé - na gingival na ndị ọzọ. Taa etinye dị iche iche hemostatics: eriri akpa nwa agba ọbara, capillary ọnya nke imi na saịtị ndị ọzọ. Against ndabere nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke pathologies ịzụlite ọrịa ndị dị otú dị ka generalized. Ihe atụ, mgbe aplastic anaemia, thrombocytopenic purpura ọrịa, na ndị ọzọ kapillyarotoksikoz. Ọzọ, anyị ga-aghọta, ihe bụ hemostatic ọgwụ ọjọọ taa.

Isi

Gịnị na-akpata na-agba ọbara? Nke a ọnọdụ bụ n'ihi nke a iro nke eziokwu na nnukwu arịa ma ọ bụ capillaries. Mebiri nwere ike mere site na uto nke etuto ahụ, trauma, erughi ọbara clotting. Ọtụtụ mgbe, mgbe a nkọ esịtidem eruba hemostatic ọgwụ ọjọọ na-ndinọ na na ntụpọ ma ọ bụ na usoro nke na ụgbọ njem na aja na a ọgwụ.

coagulation ihe

Kwuru na-egosi na esịtidem pathologies ndabere agba ọbara ọrịa na-kpatara tumadi na coagulation usoro. The Filiks nime ya bụ nnọọ mgbagwoju cascade nke ihe. Ọ na-ewe 13 metụtara, ugbu a na plasma, na ndị ọzọ karịrị iri na abụọ - ẹdude ke platelet. The kasị mkpa nke ha bụ: fibrinogen, prothrombin, prothrombin akakabarede akpata, na-akpata nke na kọntaktị ma antihemophilic globulin. N'ihi fibrinolytic (anticoagulant) ọbara usoro a nọgidere na-enwe mmiri mmiri ala.

Ndị na-akpata nke imebi

Agba ọbara na omume, na-emekarị na-kpatara erughi ma ọ bụ ọ bụla coagulation akpata, ihe atụ, na malitere ịrịa ịba ọcha n'anya, jaundice n'ibu ụdị, hemophilia ma ọ bụ belata platelet adabere (na syndrome Verlgofa, megide aplastic anaemia na ndị ọzọ pathologies). Ọtụtụ mgbe, ndị kasị nta multiple thrombosis na capillaries na-eme ka a akpalite. Ha webata na n'ihu overruns ụfọdụ clotting ihe na platelet. Nke a, n'aka nke ya, na-eduga ná a hemorrhagic syndrome. A ụkpụrụ yiri nke ahụ hụrụ na ndabere nke siri ike ọdịdị nke ujo (cardiogenic, traumatic), na nsi, sepsis (mgbe mpụ ime na gụnyere), isi ịwa ahụ, karịsịa mgbe oke mịnye. Na mbụ, ndị dị otú ahụ a-enweghị nchịkwa na ọnọdụ kọwara dị ka "fibrinliticheskaya ọbara ọgbụgba." Ugbu a, ọ na-akpọ syndrome nke intravascular nkịtị microcoagulation.

Ọgwụgwọ: Isi

A họọrọ nke ọma hemostatic gị n'ụlọnga ke eriri akpa nwa agba ọbara, na obodo capillary mmebi imetụta esogbu isi hemostasis. Ke ofụri ofụri, eru ọgwụ na-agụnye iji otu, na obere okwu, mmadụ abụọ na ọgwụ ọjọọ na ezigbo Dosages. Ihe atụ, mgbe hemophilic ọbara ọgbụgba eji ma ọhụrụ plasma infusion gị n'ụlọnga "Kriopretsipiat". Na ọgwụ ọjọọ ndị dị ka "Vikasol" ma ọ bụ calcium chloride, dị otú ahụ ikpe anaghị emetụta. Otụk mmewere ke hemostatic usoro ike kpebisie ike na dị na ama anamnestic data na mgbaàmà achọpụtara n'oge ule nke onye ọrịa. Na nke a, tupu ọrịa, ị kwesịrị ị na-amata na Jenesis nke imebi. Otú o sina hemostatic Nde preparations na-ekwe na-eji na ihe ọ bụla n'èzí vaskụla ọnya nke mucous membranes. Ọgwụgwọ nwere ike ọtụtụ, ma ọ bụ a dịtụ mmachi nso nke edinam. E nwere ihe atụ, hemostatic ọgwụ maka hemorrhoid. Iche nke ọgwụ na-dị iche iche. Mgbe orunótu nke mmebi ke nsia ebe, e.g., kwesịrị ekwesị iji hemostatic kandụl. Na ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ, ndị dị irè karị, ngwọta ma ọ bụ mbadamba. Ka ihe atụ, hemostatics ịhụ nsọ ugboro ugboro dị na mbadamba n'ụdị ma ọ bụ na capsules.

Medicine "Vikasol"

Nke a agwọ ọrịa bụ a mmiri soluble sịntetik analọg nke K-vitamin. A ọgwụ na-enyere aka na-akwụsị ndị dị otú ahụ na-agba ọbara na, nke bụ n'ihi na belatara ọdịnaya nke prothrombin. Nke a, n'aka nke ya, iwe na erughi nke K-vitamin. Agwọ ọrịa "Vikasol" akpali njikọ nke prothrombin site imeju mkpụrụ ndụ. Site na-egosi maka ojiji nke ngwá ọrụ a na-agụnye hemostatic ọrịa na imeju, ịba ọcha n'anya, hepatic gbasara akụrụ syndrome, okpo jaundice. The ọgwụ na-atụ aro maka agba ọbara na ndabere nke ihe ovadozu nke anticoagulants nke anọ edinam (ọgwụ ọjọọ "pelentan", "neodikumarina" na ndị ọzọ). Ọgwụ na-adịghị egosi nrụpụta ọrịa thrombocytopenic purpura na hemophilia. The ọgwụ nwere mmetụta ụfọdụ na climacteric na ntorobịa eriri akpa nwa, na-agba ọbara ọnyá afọ. The edinam nke ọgwụ a hụrụ bụghị tupu 12-18 awa mgbe ochichi. Dị ka ọtụtụ hemostatic gị n'ụlọnga maka eriri akpa nwa agba ọbara, agwọ ọrịa "Vikasol" dị na mbadamba ụdị na dị ka a ngwọta. Oral ọgwụ na-atụ aro site na 0,015 g / 2-3 p / ụbọchị. Hemostatic injections "Vikasol" ndinọ intramuscularly 1 ml nke otu percent ngwọta bụ 1-2 p / ụbọchị, na a n'usoro maka ruo ụbọchị anọ (n'ihi thrombosis yiri). Contraindications na ojiji nke agwọ ọrịa na-agụnye myocardial infarction (nnukwu) thrombosis, mụbara coagulability.

vitamin P

Nke a na ngwá ọrụ bụ a set tii catechins. Vitamin P slows hyaluronidase ọrụ (ọ dissolves connective isi ke capillary mgbidi), mbenata dịtụ kenkuwa na obere caliber vaskụla permeability. Ọnụ na a vitamin E na-egbochi ọxịdashọn nke ascorbic acid. Ọ bụkwa a firming utịp ke capillary mgbidi. The kasị ọgwụ na-aṅụ ọgwụ vitamin P-atụle ga-"Rutin". Ọ bụ a mmiri-unyi anaghị agbasa na powder greenish-odo agba. Medicine "Rutin" ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ-ebelata ịdị njọ nke hemorrhagic ọkụ ọkụ na ndabere nke ọrịa na thrombocytopenic purpura kapillyarotoksikoz. The ọgwụ na-owụt maka retinal hemorrhage, Measles, nje endocarditis, acha uhie uhie ahụ ọkụ. Na ngwa nke vitamin P na o siri ike na-adị thrombosis, ọ dịghị contraindications. Emepụta agwọ ọrịa na mbadamba ụdị dị ọcha ụdị site 0,02 g, na na Nchikota na ascorbic acid (pụtara "Ascorutin") (0,5 g nke ọ bụla akụrụngwa). Adults agwọ ọrịa na-atụ aro usoro onunu ogwu nke 0.02-0.05 gr / 3 r / d.

Epsilon-aminocaproic acid

Nke a gị n'ụlọnga bụ n'ụdị a na-acha ọcha crystalline ntụ ntụ. Umi bụ keenweghiuto na odorless, nnọọ soluble n'ime mmiri. Epsilon aminocaproic acid nwere ike haemostatic mmetụta (obodo na izugbe ụkpụrụ), fibrinolytic ọrụ slowing owuwu. Ọnụ na a agwọ ọrịa ebelata tryptic ọrụ na igosipụta digestive juices. Epsilon aminocaproic acid gosiri maka gingival, gọzie gị, nsia, gastric, nke asọfe, gbasara akụrụ hemorrhage nke dị iche iche ọdịdị bilie, mgbe Verlgofa syndrome, hemophilia, anaemia na aplastic mgbe eriri akpa nwa curettage gụnyere. N'okpuru otu ebe-ala na ọnọdụ, ọgwụ na-eji mgbe ịwa ahụ na mpaghara nke akpa ume, prostate, na akaghi aka detachment ejikari nsogbu Plasenta. Họpụtara site n'ime 3-5 g / 3-4 p / ụbọchị. Iji na-asa ala na ntụ ntụ na-atụ aro ụtọ mmiri. Ọzọkwa, epsilon-aminocaproic acid na ẹkenam na bolus na infusion n'ime akwara na 100 ml. The ọgwụ ọma eji maka obodo hemostasis na-agba ọbara si gọzie gị mucosa ma ọ bụ n'olulu mmiri mgbe mwepụ nke ezé. Na nke a na ntụ ntụ na-fesa n'ụba otụk ntụpọ. Against ndabere nke onu agwọ ọrịa abụghị iwe na digestive tract. Na nnọọ obere mgbe, ọrịa nwere ike mkpesa nke ọgbụgbọ. Mgbe igba ogwu n'akwara ochichi, karịa mmetụta a hụrụ mgbe 1-4 awa. Epsilon aminocaproic acid nwere contraindications. A na-agụnye, akpan akpan, na-agụnye gbasara akụrụ odida (nnukwu N'ezie), thromboses.

Medical gelatin

Nsụkọta hydrolyzate bụ a colorless, gelatinous uka ma ọ bụ acha epupụta. Against ndabere nke igba ogwu n'akwara ọgwụ mma ọbara viscosity, platelet stickiness. A ana achi achi a zuru ezu ngwa ngwa na akpọ haemostatic mmetụta ikpe nke ọbara ọgbụgba. A na-agụnye, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, na-agụnye intrapleural, na eriri afọ. The nta mmetụta a hụrụ na vasculature nke mucous ọnya. Dị ka a n'akụkụ mmeghachi omume-eme dị ka ihe ahu anataghi. The ọgwụ tumadi kenyere ntapu intravenously na a dose nke 50-100 ml tupu-ụtọ na 37 degrees ngwọta. Emepụta agwọ ọrịa na ampoules nke 10 ml nke iri percent gelatin na ise percent sodium chloride.

Fibrinogen K3 ma ọ bụ M2

A ọgwụ na-ọbara mmadụ, m clotting akpata. Ọ na-eji na afibrinogemicheskih ọbara ọgbụgba. Ntapu ndinọ intravenously (ụbọchị 1.8-2 gr. Kpọrọ nkụ umi). Ozugbo tupu eji ntụ ntụ na-etisasịwo na saline (akpali mmasị) ngwọta, onye okpomọkụ bụ 25-30 degrees. Infusion na rụrụ na amanyere bụ iwu nke ọnụnọ a nyo usoro dị ka ihe ngwọta e nwere ike achọpụtara site ọcha nke unyi anaghị agbasa na protein. Ọ bụghị kenyere infusion na myocardial infarction (nnukwu), thrombophlebitis.

Medicine "Trasylol"

Nke a nkwadebe na-ewepụtara ehi parotid glands. The agwọ ọrịa bụ ike nke na ibelata progression nke intravascular microcoagulation na trypsin gārapara n'aru. E Kenyere maka agba ọbara soro ọtụtụ anụ ahụ ọjọọ, post-septic ite ime, megide nnukwu leukemia ụdị (promyelocytic, n'ihi na ihe atụ) na ndị ọzọ na-ekwu. Ọnụọgụ ọgwụ 10-20 puku. ED igba ogwu n'akwara infusion kwa ụbọchị maka 1-2 ugboro na ise percent glucose ngwọta (ma ọ bụ saline). A, ochichi nke agwọ ọrịa a rụrụ na anyịnya ọnọdụ. Ọgwụ na-eji na-adịghị ala na nnukwu iche nke pancreatitis, mumps. Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị nkịtị mmetụta bụ: Allergy ruo anaphylactic ujo, nakwa dị ka phlebitis na saịtị nke ochichi.

protamine sulfate

Nke a protein emepụta nke bụ ike nke na-akpụ na heparin na thromboplastin unyi anaghị agbasa na okụre. Prescribers ọgbụgba kpasue hyperheparinemia. Ọ, n'aka nke ya, bụ n'ihi ịṅụfe ọgwụ ike ókè ma ọ bụ na ụba mmepụta nke endogenous heparin. Ọgwụ na-enye a zuru ezu ngwa ngwa (n'ime 1-2 awa), kwụsị ọbara eruba. A, a otu percent ngwọta na-agbara a olu nke 5 ml intramuscularly ma ọ bụ intravenously. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, na-agbanye na rụrụ ọzọ mgbe 15 nkeji. N'oge ọgwụ na iji protamine sulfate kwesịrị inye akara clotting oge. The agwọ ọrịa arụpụtara ke ampoules ise milliliters nke otu percent ngwọta.

Solution "Gemofobin"

Nke a bụ a dịtụ na-adịghị ike styptic maka hemorrhoid. Ọ na-etinyere intramuscularly, ọnụ ma ọ bụ topically. The onunu ogwu mgbe ndinọ ọnụ 1 table. ngaji 2-3 p / ụbọchị. Intramuscularly kenyere 5 ml 1.5% ngwọta. The agwọ ọrịa "Gemofobin", dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ hemostatic ọgwụ ọjọọ, dị na 5 ml ampoules na vials nke 150 milliliters.

Medicine "Adrokson"

Nke a agwọ ọrịa bụ oroma powder enweghị uto na isi. The ọgwụ ngosi nrụpụta na capillary ọbara ọgbụgba ruru ka obere unan mgbe eze mmịpụta, tonsillectomy. Eji 0,025% ngwọta nke wetting tampons na intramuscular injections ugboro ugboro tupu, n'oge na mgbe adọ. The ọgwụ dị irè na LCD ọbara ọgbụgba. Emepụta agwọ ọrịa na ampoules nke 1 ml nke 0,025%.

Medicine "Etamsylate"

A ọgwụ na-enyere aka mma platelet ọrụ, mbenata capillary permeability. Na-atụ aro agwọ ọrịa maka ọgwụgwọ na mgbochi nke vaskụla ọrịa mgbe eze mmịpụta, tonsillectomy. Iji na-agụnye ịgụ na nsia na akpa ume hemorrhage. The kacha oge nke mmetụta nke 1-2 awa mgbe agbara n'ime a akwara, na 3 awa - ingestion. Na prophylactic ọgwụ ndinọ intramuscularly ma ọ bụ ọnụ. Iji kpochapụ agba ọbara n'ime akwara ma ọ bụ muscle ndinọ 2-4 ml, mgbe ahụ, ọ bụla 4-6 awa 2 ml. Dị ọgwụ na mbadamba ụdị site 0,25 grams. na 2 ml ampoules na a 12.5% ngwọta.

herbs

Na-agwọ Njirimara nke osisi a mara kemgbe oge ochie. Medicinal herbs n'ụdị extracts na-ewetara ọtụtụ hemostatic ọgwụ. Tee dị hemostatic mmadụ n'oge arọ nanso ọrịa, metụtara nanị akụkụ ụfọdụ na n'ebe ndị ọzọ. Dị na a dịgasị iche iche nke tinctures, na mmiri na-aba n'anya, ọgwụ, tụlee. Ndị ọkachamara na-na-eji hemostatic mmadụ na ọrịa ụmụ nwanyị. Karịsịa n'oge ime na n'oge lactation. Otú ọ dị, itinye hemostatic n'oge ime na n'oge udia kwesịrị nnọọ anya na ya agaghị emerụ nwa e bu n'afọ.

tincture lagohilusa

Nke a na ngwá ọrụ e dere tannins na latohilin. Tincture nwere a na-akpali akpali (agafeghị oke) utịp ke coagulation usoro na ìhè ogwuura. Ọ na-emetụta ya dị ka a hemostatic mgbe nanso, nosebleeds. Ọ na-atụ aro ka ingest a teaspoon nke a iri percent ngwọta nke mmiri (0.25 iko) a ụbọchị 3-4 ugboro. Dị ka a n'akụkụ mmetụta na-egosipụta laxative moderately. The mmiri ngwọta tampons ike ga-eji na ma na hemorrhoidal epistaxis.

Wepụ nke nettle epupụta

Nke a pụtara mejupụtara a vitamin K, ascorbic acid, tannins. Na-atụ aro wepụ nsia, gbasara akụrụ okwukwo na syndrome nke thrombocytopenic purpura. Uke nwere ọtụtụ hemostatic mmadụ, na oké menses na ndị ọzọ na vaskụla ọnya eji.

The ogwu milfoil (mmiri mmiri wepụ)

Nke a ngwọta nwere resins na tannins, ascorbic acid, alkaloids. Aka na mmetụta, na ụfọdụ jikọtara hemostatic ọgwụ ọjọọ. Mgbe arọ ịhụ nsọ oge dị mkpa karịsịa. N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú, a nnọọ irè ogwu yarrow na nettle wepụ.

The mmiri mmiri wepụ nke ose

O nwere rutin, quercetin. Dị ka ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ hemostatic mmadụ n'oge arọ nanso, ose wepụ nwere tannins. Ọ na-atụ aro ka 30-40 tụlee ugboro atọ n'ụbọchị. Ose wepụ na-ẹdude ke agwọ ọrịa "Anestezol" (kandụl).

obodo ọgwụ

A, iji dị otú ahụ hemostatic mmadụ maka he. Ha na-ekwe gị ngwa ngwa na n'ụzọ dị irè kpochapụ imebi. Ha ga-eji na ihe mberede. E ọbịa hemostatic mmadụ maka unan. Ọzọ, tụlee ụfọdụ n'ime obodo na nkà mmụta ọgwụ.

hemostatic ogbo

Nke a nkwadebe nke mmadụ plasma. The hemostatic ogbo bụ ugbu thromboplastin na calcium chloride. Ikpeazụ nwere mmetụta dị mma na obodo gingival, gọzie gị, hemorrhoidal ọbara ọgbụgba. Si akpali mmasị ogbo mpempe bụ iche na etinyere otụk tupu mịrị amị òkè. The ọgwụ na-tightly enwe a fere fere na mpe mpe akwa. A ụbọchị mgbe e mesịrị remnants kpụrụ fibrin film na n'ọnụ ọma wepụrụ. Anọgide ogbo dozie onwe ha maka 20-30 ụbọchị. Ejibeghi residues si meghere akpa na ogbo ike ga-eji nanị mgbe resterilization. Contraindications nke ọgwụ dị.

thrombin

Nke a nkwadebe nke mmadụ plasma bụ a rụrụ ọcha-pink uka. Ewebata a mgbanwe mkpali mmeghachi omume nke fibrinogen ka fibrin, na agwọ ọrịa na-akpa a kpọmkwem hemostatic mmetụta. Thrombin na-eji nanị maka obodo capillary mmebi nke dị iche iche ọdịdị bilie, mgbe mwepụ nke a eze nakwa. Akpali mmasị mkpọ a na-meghere tupu iji, ọ na-etinyere na saline (10-15 ml) na ụlọ okpomọkụ. Ozugbo thrombin solution, a tampon impregnated na a ngwakọta na tightly na mebiri emebi ebe. Mgbe ịkwụsị ọbara ọgbụgba nke ya nke ọma wepụrụ Nrịrọ na saline zere re-mmerụ.

Fibrin film

The nkwadebe nke ụmụ mmadụ ma ọ bụ anụmanụ (ehi) plasma. O nwere thromboplastin. The ọgwụ nwere a agafeghị oke hemostatic mmetụta. Fibrin film na-eji na obodo ọnya na mucous akpụkpọ ahụ. Tupu iji akpali mmasị ule tube na meghere, na film a na-ewepụ. Ọzọ, ọ na-na-asa na saline ma ọ bụ ụgbọala "penisilini" ma ọ bụ "rivanol". Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ndị agwọ ọrịa na-etinyere na mebiri emebi elu. Mgbe na-eji fibrin film nwere ike na-asọ.