History of Poland - olee ihe ndị anyị mụtara?

Ugbu a - mgbe a ole na ole narị afọ - na-esote afọ iri ọ dịkarịa ala na n'oge gara aga Russia na Poland ga-ike-emetụta mmekọrịta anyị. Polish akụkọ ihe mere eme na-imbued na Polish-Russian esemokwu, agha, ideological iche. Atọ nke Commonwealth tụgharịa 123 afọ nke n'ịbụ ohu.
Na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Poland bụ ndị jikọrọ ha na-alụ maka onwe.

Mgbe ọdịda nke mgbochi-Russian nnupụisi na January 1862 bịara n'ihu usoro nke Russification nke Polish ala na ịdị n'otu nke Alaeze nke Poland. Polish oru kwụsịrị ịdị adị, n'okpuru forcibly St. Petersburg ochichi. Iwu 1865 dị ka ihe ndutịm ẹkenam Russian asụsụ, afọ atọ gasịrị, a iche iche mmefu ego e guzobere, ndị gọọmenti etiti, na mba na-ekewa 10 anāchi achi. Na 1876, Russian-style wughachi ọkàikpe na liquidated Polish Bank afọ iri gachara. The ukara asụsụ na oru na ụlọikpe ghọrọ Russian, na ọtụtụ n'ime ndị isi ọchịchị bụ n'ihi Russia. Ya mere, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Poland na na ogbo bụ a akụkọ ihe mere eme nke n'ịbụ ohu, na-alụ iji chebe mba amata.

Mgbe ọnwụ nke onye-isi Theodore (Theodore) Berg alaeze ahụ, nke a bịara mara dị ka "Privislinsky ihu", malitere na-edu ndị na-achị-general, na pụrụ iche ikike na ubi nke nche. Ke adianade do, Poland ahụ agbasaghị na-emesapụ mgbanwe ekenịmde ke Alaeze Ukwu, ihe niile a na-usoro ala uwe ojii, ime nnyocha, ma mara iwu (ebe 1861)
ka retains a ezu. The Catholic Church, nke guzoro nso na elu maka nnupụisi, kwa, chua: emechi monasteries, ndị na-anwụghị, a họọrọ onwunwe, ndị bishọp adabere na mahadum ke St. Petersburg (n'agbanyeghị jụrụ nke Pope), na biri n'okpuru ban kọntaktị na Vatican.

On Polish n'ókèala esịne ke Alaeze Ukwu, ọnọdụ nke okporo osisi bụ kasị njọ. Ndị kasị sie ike maka ndị bi na ama a-eme ihe ike na omenala assimilation na suppression nke agbụrụ bụ. Poland ka a akụkụ nke Russia ka a na-akpa ókè mba obodo kwụụrụ - ọtụtụ ndị mkpanaka ndị chị na-ọwụwa anyanwụ n'ókèala, nke ọzọ n'okpuru ibu nke elu ụtụ isi ike ịzụta ala, guzosie enterprise. Kwesịrị ịdị, nke a mere ka a latent discontent nke ndị bi, nke na-amalite na oge n'ime oghe ngagharị iwe. Ọ bụrụ na, tupu ọchịchị nke Alexander nke abụọ Polish akụkọ ihe mere eme agbanweela a oge siri ike liquidation nke Polish ala, ndị ọhụrụ ọchịchị na-elekwasị anya na okwu nke ọdịbendị na asụsụ. Ugboro ugboro guzobere ọhụrụ mba okwukwo, dị ka a n'ihi nke nke ndị Russia Russification ike ná ọ bụla nzọụkwụ. Ndị dị n'ókèala n'ofè Bug River chọ ihichapu ọ bụla ngosipụta nke Polishness - ma n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ma na ochichi - mgbe ọ e mesịrị amachiele Polish asụsụ maka ọha were. ọ bụ ekwe omume na ókèala nke Alaeze, ma ebe a na-ebelata mmepe nke Polish omenala na kwadoro Russia.

Ke ufọt ufọt 60s nke narị afọ nke 19 Russian asụsụ ghọrọ asụsụ nke ntụziaka na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. Ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na 1869 ama ghọọ eze mahadum. Na 1872, ka a n'ihi nke mgbanwe nke Minister nke Education Dmitry Tolstoy kpamkpam tutu amama specificity nke Polish akwụkwọ.

Russia na Poland. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mba ndị a mgbe a na a nkukota. Ọ bụ ya na Russian Poland na-alụ agha 1920. Na Poland, e kweere na ndị ọzọ ngalaba - na-arụ nke mba - bịara n'afọ 1939, mgbe ndị agha Soviet na September 17 banyere ókèala Poland (na-echeta na na 1 September Hitler ama agha nwere obodo). Otú ọ dị, ọrịa na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Poland ebe ka na-echeta. Na ruo mgbe anyị nwere ike n'ihu ọha na-eme ihe n'eziokwu-atụle niile mgbagwoju akụkọ ihe mere eme vicissitudes, eleghi anya na ha bụ ezigbo mkparịta. Mgbe niile, na-agha megide Russification - mbụ si narị afọ nke 19, mgbe ahụ, na-achị nke dum Russian n'oge Soviet oge - ka dị ndụ na okporo osisi ya. Na ọ bụ ezie na na-emekarị nke convergence na-zubere na-adịbeghị anya, Otú ọ dị, ezi enyi ka nnọọ anya.