Hydrogen engine, "Toyota". Toyota Mirai hydrogen-kwadoro

Iji ụbọchị, fọrọ nke nta nile nke ụwa automakers uchu na-emepe emepe ụgbọala na-agba ọsọ na ọcha mmanụ ụgbọala. Ọkachamara na-ekwu na na 15-20 afọ ụwa ga-n'ụzọ zuru ezu ịgbanwee a mode nke iga. Mgbe na-edu ndú na nke a na-eme na ụlọ ọrụ "Toyota". Mgbe ntọhapụ nke ama "Primus" Japanese kpebiri gaa n'ihu na ịzụlite a ọzọ environmentally friendly ụgbọ ala - Toyota Mirai hydrogen-kwadoro. Na taa isiokwu anyị ga-niile atụmatụ nke ọhụrụ ihe, ma depụta uru na ọghọm nke eji hydrogen ụgbọala.

feature

"Toyota ụwa" - nke a bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ Japanese-mere sedans na ụlọ ọrụ kpebiri iji na-emepụta na uka ọnụ. Site n'ụzọ, mkpebi na-akpọ nke a nlereanya Mirai n'onye ezi omume, n'ihi na Japanese ọ pụtara "Pure Future". The emeputa na-ekwu na nke mbụ mmepụta hydrogen Toyota N'adịghị ka ndị ogbo ha nnukwu ike idobere, nke ga-480 kilomita. Nke a bụ nnọọ ezu maka adị kwa ụbọchị were na obodo, na ezinụlọ-eme ogologo njem. Ma anya njem, ma ha na-eme na ndị dị otú a ụgbọ ala ga-agaghị ekwe omume. Na ajụjụ ebe a abụghị na imewe nke pụrụ ịdabere (dị ka mgbe niile, na Japanese mere ụgbọ ala qualitatively na "ruo mgbe ebighị ebi"), na na-enweghị ndị dị mkpa ndochi ụgbọ. Ma, anyị ga-atụle nke a mgbe e mesịrị.

na-akpali eziokwu

Ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama na "ụwa" bụ ụwa mbụ ụgbọ ala na a hydrogen engine. "Toyota" e na-emepe emepe ngwakọ ụdị nke ụgbọala site na 1997 n'ihu. Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ ụwa ọha hụrụ mbụ ụgbọ ala na a hydrogen engine n'ụdị a echiche SUV nlereanya FCHV. Otú ọ dị, na-agba ọsọ ya na a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu usoro mmepụta nke Japanese agaghị anwa anwa. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ndị Jeep nwere ike dị na ọha oru na òtù abuana ke ule nke a ụdị nke iga. Na mberede, ndị hydrogen engine agwakọta BMW na Toyota. The Germany banye a nkwekọrịta na Japanese injinia na ruo 2020 plan ike ọhụrụ eco-enyi na enyi Sedan BMW nwụrụ 7 Series.

Uru nwụrụ Car

Ka malitere na uru. Iji malite, onye engine na hydrogen mmanụ anaghị emit ọ bụla pollutants, n'adịghị dizel na mmanụ ụgbọala. Ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama, na ala na-eri nke ọrụ nke ụdị nke iga. Ọ baghị uru mmanụ ụgbọala (hydrogen) nwere ike kwadebere ma obere na nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ. Nke a ga-budata akawanye ọnọdụ mgbe-agbanwe ọnụ ahịa mmanụ ụgbọala na ndị ọzọ rụọ ọrụ nke ọma igbunye ike ego na ụwa.

Gịnị nwere ọghọm engine na hydrogen mmanụ ụgbọala?

Ugbu a, ka ikwu banyere adịghị emezi emezi. Isi mwepu nke a mode nke iga bụ na hydrogen engine ( "Toyota FCV» gụnyere) ọzọ na-agbawa agbawa karịa kpochapụwo dizel na petrol ogbo. Nke a bụ n'ihi na a pụrụ iche chemical mejupụtara nke hydrogen. Site n'ụzọ, na mgbakwunye na-gbawara ya e ji elu volatility. Nke a na atụmatụ nke ukwuu sikwuoro ndị njem na refueling nke ụgbọala na hydrogen. Ọzọkwa, ndị ọkachamara na-ekwu na mmezi nke ndị dị otú ahụ a osisi ga-abụ ihe dị oké ọnụ karịa ihe atụ ndị mmezi nke dizel esịtidem combustion engine (n'ihi na obere ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihere ọkachamara a na ubi na-arụ ọrụ). Na, n'ezie, enweghị hydrogen akpata mmụba ụgbọ. Na a ụwa nke na a ole na ole ndị dị otú ahụ were ugbu a n'ihi na ndị a ụgbọala bụ nnọọ ike (karịsịa ka oge dị otú ahụ na a igwe nwere ike ịbụ naanị na enyemaka pụrụ iche akụrụngwa).

ọkọnọ mbipụta

Isi nsogbu nke hydrogen ụgbọala - dịghị gas ebe, ebe ha nwere ike na-refilled. Ọ bụ ya mere ụwa ọzọ mkpa electric ụgbọala, dị ka ha na-ebubo si nkịtị mgbidi tinyekwa, na ọbụna ke laa, ma ọ bụrụ na e nwere a anyanwụ panel n'uko ụlọ. Ma mmepụta nke hydrogen ụgbọ ama inweta ọkụ. Anyị na-ama mara nke atụmatụ ọbọp 20 dị otú ahụ ụgbọ na California. Ọ bụrụ na ahịa na-eto eto, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke gas ụgbọ okporo ígwè ga-amụba okpukpu abụọ. Site n'ụzọ, na steeti a họọrọ-enweghị ihe mere - ọ na-amalite na California ga-amalite ahịa nke hydrogen "Toyota". Ma ahịa a ga-atụle mgbe e mesịrị na isiokwu, ma n'ihi na ugbu a, ka anya na mputa nke ọhụrụ ihe.

imewe

Ọdịdị nke a ọhụrụ "Toyota Mirai" bụ nnọọ nnukwu. Ozugbo catches anya oke ike ike "n'ihu" na a aka ike dịgasị bompa na slanted nnukwu ọkụ. grille - nke a bụ eleghị anya ndị kasị nta na-adịghị mkpa mmewere na mputa. Ma ọbụna ndị dị otú ahụ a obere mpempe plastic, na Japanese jisiri-edebe ya edenyere logo, mere chrome style. The ụgbọ ala nwere ezi iko ebe. Nke a bụ eziokwu karịsịa nke windshield. Ọkwọ ụgbọala ga na-adịghị "nwụrụ anwụ zones" ebe niile ihe gbara ya gburugburu na now anya na a ilekiri. The ahu nwere ma angular-eji ire ụtọ, aerodynamic e. All a na-eme ka ọdịdị nke Sedan bụ nnọọ ọhụrụ, n'oge a na na pụrụ iche.

ime

The n'ime akụkụ nke ụgbọala ma ọ bụrụ na ugboelu - uka nke buttons, ngosipụta, sensọ na ihe ọ bụla ọzọ stof. Gịnị bụ na-akpali, na Japanese kpebiri na ya agaghị na-emefu ego na mmepe nke abụọ n'ime ime layout nhọrọ - maka Europe na anụ ụlọ ahịa. The nsogbu na n'iru permutation ha kpebiri nnọọ nanị site ịtụkwasị niile ozi dị mkpa ngwa n'etiti a torpedo. The panel-etinye nnọọ nso na windshield, na agbatị gafee n'obosara. Far si ya, enịm a oke na-osisi na kọmputa, nke a kwadebere n'ụzọ na a wuru na-na ọrụ nchọgharị. N'okpuru ya ọ dị ihe ọzọ ngosi. A òkè nke abụọ n'obosara ikuku. The otu na-apụghị imepụta n'akụkụ nke ọ bụla na mirror, naanị na chrome gbaa n'onu na akuku. The n'iru wheel na-onwem na a ime akara button. Gearshift akpu na ụlọ e - yikarịrị eji a CVT ma ọ bụ akpaka nnyefe. Ndị ọkà okwu na-enịm n'ọnụ ụzọ, nakwa dị ka electric window akara bọtịnụ. The n'iru wheel nwere a ala adịgide. Ke ofụri ofụri, ime layout bụ nnọọ ergonomic. Na ọbụna n'agbanyeghị a otutu mkpọchi (karịsịa na-ewere na ọkara n'ime ha aka), ọ na-ṅụbigara enweghị isi ihe na, ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ iyi ịnapụ.

technical e ji mara

"Toyota" emepụta ụgbọ ala na a hydrogen engine enwe a nnukwu ọkọnọ nke ike. The ike osisi, dị ka Nsukka, ga-enwe 153 horsepower, nke bụ ezuru a na klas nke ụgbọ ala. Nke ọzọ engines adịghị asụ Japanese, na, dịcha, ahịa ga-abịa naanị otu mgbanwe nke ọhụrụ ihe si 153-ike environmentally friendly unit. The hydrogen engine ( "Toyota Mirai" maka 2015) na-agba na pụrụ iche na mmanụ ụgbọala mkpụrụ ndụ. Inside ikpeazụ mmeghachi omume na-ewe ebe, na òkè nke hydrogen na oxygen. Dị ka a n'ihi nke chemical mmekọrịta na-arụpụta a dị ike ike na fuels ihe electric moto.

Dynamics na ọrụ na-akwụ ụgwọ

The emeputa na-ekwu na ndị na-akpa ike e ji mara nke Toyota na hydrogen engine ọ dị iche iche karịa ha mmanụ ụgbọala ogbo. Osooso si efu ka "ọtụtụ narị" na-eme atụmatụ na 9 sekọnd. N'otu oge ahụ, engineer kwuru a ala na-eri njem. tank ndochi Price kwa 1 kilometa ga-enwe nanị 10 cents. N'ihi ya, iji ụgbọala otu narị kilomita, ị mkpa na-eji naanị 10 dollar. A ụgbọ ala nwere ike jupụta na nnọọ 5 nkeji.

Dị ka engine na-agba ọsọ na hydrogen?

N'ezie ọ bụla n'ime anyị na-eche banyere ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke unit. Ọfọn, ka anyị lee otú hydrogen engine n'ezie.

Isi ịnya ụgbọ akpali igwe ndị a bụ ihe electrochemical generator (a mmanụ ụgbọala cell). Na Japanese a na-akpọ FC Stack. Inside na electrochemical generator mmeghachi omume na-adị nke na-apụta ọxịdashọn nke hydrogen. Ọ bụ n'oge a na-emepụta na chọrọ ume, nke na-ahụ zijere kọmpat batrị. Nke ikpeazụ na-eburu ndị na-ọrụ nke electric ike, nke na-eduga na ụgbọala ya na oru. Olee ụdị n'efu eme hydrogen engine? "Toyota ụwa" akpachara akpọ ọcha igwe n'ihi na nke iyuzucha anwụrụ n'ihu bụghị nsí gas na nkịtị mmiri.

Ọ bụ ihe niile nke ọma, ma na e nwere ike na-egbochi mmepe nke a mode nke iga. Isi nsogbu bụ na mmanụ ụgbọala n'ichepụta Filiks maka hydrogen ụgbọala ugbu underdeveloped na-achọ nnukwu ego expenditures. Karịsịa mgbe eke hydrogen mmiri na-tinye n'ọrụ dị ka coal, na methane. Ha na-ukwuu kpamkpam-emetọ ikuku, ya mere ka ihe ezi uche na-eji ndị a engines n'ihi "gburugburu ebe obibi na nchekwa umu" abụghị. N'ezie, si combustion nke n'efu fuels nwere (dị ọcha mmiri), ma iji dozie ya, ọ dị mkpa budata emebi ikuku ruru unyi umu anwuru. Ya mere, ihe na ọzọ ndị ọkachamara na-achọ iji dochie esịtidem combustion engine ugbu ke anyanwụ mkpụrụ ndụ.

Na mberede, ndị hydrogen na-abụghị nke ọ bụla pụrụ iche ụdị nke manu na ike-eji naanị otu ụdị engine. Studies gosiri na ngwaahịa a bụ nnọọ ekwe omume ime na kpochapụwo Motors na esịtidem combustion engines. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ndị dị otú ahụ a mmeghachi omume, e nwere na ya pụta. Eziokwu ahụ bụ na hydrogen site combustion na esịtidem combustion engine allocates naanị 1/3 nke ike nke na ọ ga-emepụta na a pụrụ iche na unit. Otú ọ dị, ndị injinịa ike idozi a erughi. N'ihi gbanwetụrụ mgbanye usoro arụmọrụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ engines na-adịghị ebelata, kama ụba fọrọ nke nta 1.5 ugboro nkịtị, na-eme ka a na ime ihe ọma na mmanụ ụgbọala na ezi uche na gburugburu ebe obibi na ego na-ekwu.

Ma nsogbu a e kwuru abụghị naanị na ebe nke arụmọrụ. Ọ bụrụ na arụmọrụ nke injinia na-enwe ike na-amụba site rụọ ọrụ ndị mgbanye usoro, nsogbu ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka ndị dị elu okpomọkụ nke combustion ulo, valves na pistons oké ike ọgwụgwụ, ha na-enweghị ike ịnagide. Site n'ụzọ, na-aga n'ihu ime, hydrogen bụ ike nke na-emeghachi omume n'ụzọ na ndị ọzọ mmiri nke engine, gụnyere lubricated. Na-enweghị ya na engine ngwa ngwa nká. Ke adianade do, n'ihi na nke hydrogen volatility nwere ike banye n'ime iyuzucha manifold na e amụnyewo. Banyere rotary esịtidem combustion engine, ha nọ mmetụta a dị mfe Ọdịdị na a anya n'etiti anakọta ndị ọzọ mma maka ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka isi mmanụ ụgbọala. On ajụjụ a, otú hydrogen engine nwere ike na-atụle na-emechi.

ndị na-eri

Dị ka emeputa, "Toyota Mirai" ụgbọ ala ahịa na-amalite na opupu ihe ubi nke 2015. Na mbụ, ndị ọhụrụ ga-abụ dị naanị na anụ ụlọ ahịa, na ndaeyo ọ ga-egosi na European na American ahịa. The malite price nke hydrogen "Toyota" bụ 57,5 puku dollar. Ke adianade do, ụlọ ọrụ na-enye ịzụta a ụgbọ ala ego na a kwa ọnwa ugwo nke 500 US dollar. The bonus bụ ikike onwe refueling a ụgbọala a afọ na gas ọdụ, California.

Ezie na ọ dịghị mpi n'etiti ndị Japanese hydrogen ụgbọala "Toyota". Na meree, n'ihi ya, ọ ga-adị ruo mgbe 2016. The eziokwu na na March 2016 ahịa na-abịa a ọhụrụ hydrogen ụgbọ ala Honda FCV. Ma, olee otú na-ewu ewu na ọ bụ, anyị na-adịghị na-ekwu, na-echere ruo mgbe mmalite nke ahịa nke ọhụrụ "Toyota ụwa."

ọgwụgwụ

Ya mere, anyị chọpụtara ihe mere o ji otú ahụ pụrụ iche na otú hydrogen engine. "Toyota" - otu n'ime ndị mbụ automakers, nke bidoro iche na-amalite uka mmepụta nke ya "environmentally friendly ngwaahịa". Otú ọ dị, otú ahụ dị nnọọ bụghị-edozi nsogbu na gas ụgbọ na a dị ọnụ ala karịa ụzọ na-emepụta hydrogen, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ eleghi anya na-eche a oké ihe ịga nke ọma na-ere igwe ndị a.