Hydrolysis nke stachi

Starch (C6H10O5) n bụ polysaccharide nke mejupụtara akụkụ abuo abụọ: 25% amirlose linear na 75% branched amylopectin. Ọ na-kpụrụ ìhè na osisi n'oge photosynthesis.

Nke a bụ ọcha ntụ ntụ nke anaghị akwatu na mmiri oyi, na-eme ka a slurry. Mgbe edozire nkwusioru ahụ, a na-edebe ihe na-acha ọcha na ala nke tank ahụ, a pụkwara ịṅụ mmiri. Mgbe ihicha, starch emeghachitere ya niile.

Na mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ, ihe a bụ ihe ngwọta colloidal - ọ bụ mmiri dị nro, nke a na-akpọkwa starch ka ọ na-ejikarị mee ihe na ndụ kwa ụbọchị dị ka onye na-arụ ọrụ gluing. Na ihe onwunwe a, nkwadebe nke pel na ụfọdụ nri na-adabere.

Starch bụ ihe na-egbuke egbuke. Ka o wee meghachi omume, ọ dị mkpa itinye aka na usoro a.

Ihe onwunwe ya na chemical ya na-adabere n'iji ihe a eme ihe. N'ihi ya, a na-ejikarị starch na ihe ndị na-esi na ya eme ihe na nri, textile na akwụkwọ. Maka anu uzo di ndu, o di oke mkpa.

Iji jiri ihe a na-emepụta maka ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ, a na-etinye ya n'ọrụ. Hydrolysis nke starch bụ usoro mgbanwe n'etiti ions na mmiri, nke nwere ike ịbụ enzymatic ma ọ bụ acidic.

Mmiri hydrolysis nke starch bụ mmeghachi omume na-akpali akpali, dị ka ọ na-eme ma ọ bụrụ na iwe ọkụ dị n'ihu mmiri acid. N'oge a chemical mmeghachi omume akụkụ nwere ike owụt ke glucose kpụrụ nke:
(C6H10O5) n + nH2O + (pusi H2SO4 + t °) = nC6H12O6.

Ma, n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, nchịkwa enzymatic nke starch aghọwo ihe a ma ama. Iji pụrụ iche technology, ọ na-enwetara site na ethyl mmanya, molasses na glucose, nakwa dị ka na chemical hydrolysis.

Ihe dị n'usoro a bụ na ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ osisi starch, dịka ọmụmaatụ, rye, poteto, ọka, osikapa na ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ dị ka ihe mmalite. Ihe ndị a na-emepụta Koodu, gụnyere, nwere ngụkọta amylolytic ha, bụ nke a na-eji usoro hydrolysis eme ihe.

Dị ka ihe atụ, enzymes dị otú ahụ bụ isoamylases na pullulanases, glucolinases. Enzymes bụ ihe mgbagwoju anya nke na-eme ka usoro mmeghachi omume nke mmezi dịwanye elu. N'ihe n'usoro, usoro nchịkwa nke starch n'okpuru ọrụ nke enzymes dị ka nke a: starch → starch (amylose) → oligosaccharides (dextrins) → disaccharide (maltose = malt) → α-glucose. A pụkwara igosi ya site na njedebe:
(C6H10O5) n + nH2O + (cat-enzyme) = nC6H12O6

O doro anya na ị nwere ike ịhụ na e nwere hydrolysis chemical, na-eme nnyocha. Anyị na-esi na ngwakọta nke starch tinye na sulfuric acid. Anyị na-enyocha ma e nwere hydrolysis - na-ekpuchi iodine. Ọ bụrụ na mmeghachi omume adịghị mma, ya bụ, ọ dịghị acha anụnụ anụnụ ma ọ bụ na-acha ọbara ọbara, mgbe ahụ, ọbara emee.

Ugbu a, anyị na-egosi na ngwaahịa nke hydrolysis bụ glucose. Tinye alkali na dapụtara ngwọta na ọla kọpa sulfate (II) (CuSO4). The ịkpali ọla kọpa hydroxide anaghị dobe, ihe ngwọta mere a na-egbuke egbuke-acha anụnụ anụnụ na agba. Okpomọkụ ma hụ na e guzobere ụrọ nke terracotta (brik) - nke a pụtara na glucose dị na ngwọta, nke e guzobere n'oge hydrolysis.

N'anụ ahụ, nchịkwa enzymatic nke starch emebekwara. Usoro a dị ezigbo mkpa, ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-emepụta mmanụ aṅụ, karịsịa, glucose. A na-egbu ya n'ime sel ọ bụla nke ahụ, na-akpụ mmiri na carbon dioxide, mgbe ọ na-ezobe ume dị mkpa maka ịrụ ọrụ nkịtị nke ahụ.

Hydrolysis nke starch na enzymes amalite ọnụ mgbe ịta. Ụmụ mmadụ nwere enzyme - amylase, n'okpuru arụ ọrụ nke starch na-ekewa n'ime ihe dị mfe - dextrins. Usoro a mmadu nwere ike inwe. E kwuwerị, ọ bụrụ na ị na-ata nri ruo ogologo oge, ihe uto na-atọ ụtọ na-apụta n'ọnụ gị, nke na-egosi na usoro hydrolysis nke starch malitere. A na-etinye glucose, bụ nke a na-emepụta n'oge mmiri, n'ime imeju dị ka nri edozi - glycogen.