Iberibe ụgbọelu ụgbọelu: nkọwa na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke

Iberibe ụgbọelu ụgbọelu - na ntụ unit ike iburu ọtụtụ nta ugbo elu mere maka ọgụ na ikuku.

Echiche nke ya e kere eke bilie adịghị anya mgbe mmalite nke na-ewu na ime ihe nke zeppelins, ọzọ ma ama na-agụ dị ka blimps.

Na-eke ihe ikuku ụgbọelu e weere ekwe ahịa, dị ka ọ na-enwekwu irè nke edinam nke ọgụ ugbo elu. Otú ọ dị, na biakwa obibia nke ugbo elu refuellers, a na-emekarị tụfuru ya mkpa, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị kpamkpam sụrụ si akaụntụ.

Gịnị mere ka ntoputa nke a na-efe efe ụgbọelu ụgbọelu

Ntoputa nke ọhụrụ na ngwaọrụ, usoro na-mgbe na-ejikọta ya na ihe ụfọdụ a chọrọ nke ọha mmadụ. Dị ka ị maara, ná mmalite nke iri abụọ na narị afọ, First World Agha wee daa, n'oge nke agha ugbo elu si n'akụkụ abụọ mbụ etinyere. Otú ọ dị, o nwere a nnọọ ala arụmọrụ.

The eziokwu na ihe ịma aka ndị na oge na ndị agha nke ugbo elu na a nnọọ obere iche iche nke ụgbọ elu ruru ka obere ego nke mmanụ ụgbọala na osisi. Nke a idiọk egbochi ndị ojiji nke ọgụ ugbo elu, dị ka ha na-enwe ike rụọ ọrụ naanị na frontal mpaghara. n'azụ iro edoghi bụ nke iru ha.

The mkpa iji melite arụmọrụ nke agha ọgụ ugbo elu amanye ntị zeppelins - blimps na metal shei. Ndị a ikuku nkeji ama mma nnukwu size na-ekwe omume nke na-efe efe ihe karịrị anya. Nke a mere ka echiche nke na-akpụ akpụ ha ugbo elu site na iji anya miri n'ime iro n'ókèala na-ebu ikuku etiwapụ na usoro zaa. N'ihi ya, e a na-efe efe ụgbọelu ụgbọelu. Ma, ọ ga-ahụ kwuru na ọ bụla na mba nwere ya n'ụzọ mmezu nke a echiche. Ọ bụghị mgbe niile otú a rụpụtara ezi ihe ngwọta.

USS airship. ahụmahụ mbụ

The mbụ na-elekwasị anya na e kere eke nke a na-efe efe ụgbọelu ụgbọelu bụ iji nke a dị ka airships, nke na-ọtụtụ-eji ngwá agha alụ agha, ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ.

The ụgbọelu e weere kasị kwesị ekwesị version nke na-esonụ: a biplane e n'elu osisi a Zeppelin, nye na a na-alụ agha.

Mgbe ahụ, ụgbọelu ka e si na a pụrụ iche kreenu na onu airship disengaged. All nke a bụ na-eme na zuru ọsọ ugbo elu ụgbọelu. Ọzọkwa ẹkenịmde solo ụgbọ elu biplane.

Mgbe ọgụ ozi ugbo elu laghachi Zeppelin-aga n'ihu na-agba ọsọ na a na-alụ agha, na zuru ọsọ, m rapagidesiri ya ígwè e ji nko odụri na. Ọzọkwa airborne ugbo elu ụgbọelu laghachiri airfield.

Ke mbubreyo 1918 US airship-1 ama ụgbọelu, "Curtiss JN4", mmasị n'okpuru gondola. Mgbe eweli na biplane ọ bụ unhooked na onwe iso na ụgbọ elu.

Ke United States, e mesịrị wuru abụọ kasị ibu akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụgbọelu airship "Macon" na "Akron", nke nwere a ogologo 239 m na ndị ruru eru nke na-ebu na-anọ alụso. Otú ọ dị, na enweghị ahụmahụ na-ewu ụdị zeppelins nwere a ezighị ezi mmetụta na ha ga-eme n'ọdịnihu: ma "aviamatki" jiri n'ihi na ndị ogbenye imewe.

Na-agbanwe agbanwe echiche nke ikuku na-ebu

Ahụmahụ na ojiji nke airship dị ka a na-efe efe ụgbọelu ụgbọelu kwuru na inconsistency nke a na-emekarị. Karịsịa jụrụ oyi mmasị na ya mgbe ọdachi na ndị kasị ibu n'ụwa Zeppelin "Hindenburg". airship jupụtara hydrogen ọkụ ngwa ngwa, na-egbu ihe karịrị mmadụ atọ na iri na abuo nọ na-arụ ọrụ ndị òtù.

Ọzọkwa, a ịrịba drawback nke ụgbọelu ụgbọelu, ndị airship bụ ya vulnerability ka onye iro ugbo elu. Ọdịdị nke onye iro ugbo elu na ebe nke na-achọta ụgbọelu ụgbọelu, "stuffed" na hydrogen, ọ na ọwọrọ apụghị izere ezere na mbibi.

Ya mere, na First World War na British ama nwara ike a ọtụtụ ndị mejupụtara ugbo elu, ntụgharị ụgbọelu na-ebu a fighter. Dị ka ndị dị otú ahụ na-British ugbo elu ụgbọelu chọrọ iji a na-efe efe n'ụgbọ mmiri, gwara ya n'elu fighter.

The echiche, N'ezie, dị mma, ma ike ime eme. Ya mere, a na-efe efe ụgbọelu ụgbọelu n'ụdị a ọtụtụ ndị mejupụtara ugbo elu na e kere site British ụgbọelu. Ma ilu ahụmahụ kwụsịbeghị mba ọzọ Russian ugbo elu Nsukka.

Echiche nke ugbo elu VS Vahmistrova

Vladimir Sergeevich Vahmistrov - a gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Air Force Academy. Mgbe ha gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ ndị ụgbọelu nnyocha na ule na ulo akwukwo. N'ime mgbidi ya, na ọ pụtara na echiche nke iji Constructor dị ka "aviamatki" ejima-engine bombu TB-1, kere site ma ama mmebe Tupolev.

Vladimir Sergeyevich nyere idozi abụọ fighter nku TB-1 pụrụ iche ji akpọchi.

Na nke a, na ugbo elu na-eji dị ka ihe nchebe pụọ n'aka ndị iro bombu ugbo elu.

Ọ na-zubere na mgbe bombu nke TB-1 ụlọ ọrụ nke onye iro alụso na laghachiri airfield ọ bụla onwe ha.

Mmejuputa iwu-nke echiche Vahmistrova

Ke ufọt ufọt 1931 na Soviet High Command mma a plan VS Vahmistrova, na-arụ ụka na airborne ugbo elu ụgbọelu - bụ oké ngwá agha.

A otu na-eto eto ndị na-emepụta na-amalite na-arụ ọrụ intensively na e kere eke nke a nwere nku ugbo elu ụgbọelu, ma ọ bụ dị ka akpọ ya n'oge ahụ, na ugbo elu-larịị. Ná ngwụsị nke 1931 a na-efe efe ụgbọelu ụgbọelu Vahmistrova dị njikere maka ule. Igosi mbụ ada gwara nwee ahụmahụ ụgbọelu nke oge a, ya bụ Adam Zalewski (ọchịagha otu bombu crews), Andrey Sharapov (copilot biotek-1), Valery Tchkalov na Aleksandru Anisimovu (fighter ụgbọelu, otu bombu nku na Mgbakwụnye).

"Ọgbọ egwuregwu Vahmistrova"

Ya mere na-akpọ ule flights nke mbụ Soviet ugbo elu ụgbọelu. The eziokwu na flights na-esokarị site na ndiiche ọnọdụ.

Dị ka ihe atụ, n'oge mbụ ụgbọ elu, enweghị nchikota bombu arụ ọrụ na fighter pilot Chkalov ka pụtara na Zalewski meghere n'ihu fighter gwara akpọchi mgbe emechi ogidi ya Chassis. Naanị ahụmahụ Chkalov azoputa si ọdachi.

A ọnọdụ yiri nke ahụ mere na V. Kokkinaki fighter: ọ dịghị emeghe mkpọchi ọdụ ọdịda gia. Ebe a na ọnọdụ a na-azọpụta ọchịagha nke otu bombu Stefanovsky, na-ekpebi na-anọdụ ala na alụso n'elu nku. All kwụsịrị.

na-akpali ihe ịga nke ọma

The mbụ ule flights egosiwo na-efe efe Soviet ụgbọelu na-ebu kwesịrị ekwesị nke n'ihu mmepe.

Na ebe nke otu bombu TB-1 bụ ndị ọzọ dị ike TB-3 e kere, nke nwere ike ibu ụgbọelu ụgbọelu maka ọhụrụ fighter Polikarpov m-5. N'otu oge ahụ ohere ịmụba ọnụ ọgụgụ nke obere alụso elu atọ - nku abụọ na otu na fuselage.

Vahmistrova gbalịrị isana alụso n'okpuru nku TB-3, ma ọ biri na ọnwụ nke a fighter pilot. Akpata ihe mberede otu ugboro ọzọ na-eje ozi dị ka ụgbọelu na-ekekọta mkpọchi on "aviamatke" na-adịghị na-emeghe ka ikuku, ma spontaneously triggered mgbe ọdịda.

Na 1935, ndị Soviet na-efe efe ụgbọelu ụgbọelu nwere ikike nke ụgbọ njem karịa ise alụso, na otu onye n'ime ha (I-Z) e jikọọ na "aviamatkoy" na ikuku.

Na 1938, a na-efe efe ụgbọelu ụgbọelu, e kuchiri site Red Army.

The kasị ama ikuku na-ebu

Ọ na-mara na-efe efe ise ụgbọelu na-ebu, nke hapụrụ a Chọpụta ihe mere eme nke ụgbọelu - Soviet TB-1, Tupolev Tu-95N, American ugbo elu Convair B-36-eme udo na, Boeing B-29 Superfortress na airship "Akron".

Soviet TB-1 bụ ụwa mbụ Oghere Usoro-metal monoplane bombu, e ji mee ihe dị ka a ìhè ugbo elu ụgbọelu. Baptism ọkụ ugbo elu ụgbọelu natara July 26, 1941, mgbe na-enyemaka nke fighter-atụ bọmbụ, n'ikpeazụ "wee" na German mmanụ nchekwa Constanta.

The "na-efe efe ụgbọelu ụgbọelu" n'ala nna Vahmistrova echefubeghị. Na 1955, ndị Soviet Union malitere ọrụ na ihe e kere eke nke a ụzọ ujo usoro, gụnyere PC na supersonic bombu ugbo elu ụgbọelu Tu-95N.

Ọ na-e chere na PC ga-ikpe emi odude ke ibu jide ụgbọelu ụgbọelu. The usoro e kwesịrị iji hụ na e meriri ebumnobi etiònyeghị ihe nke onye-iro ntụ ozize mpaghara ma laghachi na ọdụ ụgbọ elu.

American Convair B-36-eme udo na ama abuana na-eke usoro cover arọ atụ bọmbụ, nke nyere na-ebuga na-anọ ìhè ụdị McDonnell XF-85 Goblin alụso.

Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na mgbagwoju anya nke docking fighter B-36 oru ngo-a kagbuo ke 1949. Ke adianade do, US Air Force atụle ụgha-lekwasịrị simulators emepụta otu bombu na ihe omume nke onye agha onye iro ugbo elu, irè karịa ọgụ fighter cover.

Boeing B-29, na-arụ ọrụ 40s, nyere maka agba abụọ alụso. Otú ọ dị, ndị dị ike ighikota na nsọtu nke nku mere ọdachi, ngo B-29 e mechiri, na echiche a ghọtara dị ize ndụ.

American airship USS Akron 30s bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ibu Zeppelin ụwa. Ọ bụ ike ibufe ise ìhè ụgbọelu onye ozi bụ nyoputa onyeiro.

Iberibe ụgbọelu na-ebu nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu

American na Soviet na-efe efe ụgbọelu na-ebu, a nyochaa nke nke e nyere n'elu, dabara nke ọma, bụghị ma ka a nweela nke ha ọgụ ojiji, ma e wezụga n'ihi na ime ibibi mmanụ nchekwa ụlọ ọrụ dị na Constanta n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ.

Otú ọ dị, echiche nke a na-efe efe ụgbọelu ụgbọelu ka okpon akan uche nke ndị na-emepụta.

Dị ka ihe atụ, ogologo oge na-eme atụmatụ The Defense Research Jobs USA (DARPA) ka ulo oru a usoro ihe omume nke "Gremlins" na mmepe nke unmanned keikuku ugbo ala, ike nke na-na-apụ si ụgbọelu ụgbọelu, na ilaghachi ya n'akụkụ.