Italian engineer Aristotle Fioravanti: biography

History of engineering na ụkpụrụ ụlọ echiche jupụtara ama aha, ma ụfọdụ na-agụ akụkọ guzo ma na kwesịrị a iche iche na peeji nke akụkọ ihe mere eme.

Birth na nke nwata

Na 1415 a mụrụ ya na oké-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Aristotle Fioravanti. Life na-arụ ọrụ ya malitere na Bologna. The nwata pụtara na-akwanyere ùgwù-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na nke ezinụlọ ya, na ọkachamara ụzọ e buru ụzọ. Nwata na n'oge na-adịghị: kemgbe afọ 5, ọdịnihu-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ wepụtara oge dị ukwuu na ogbako na na ewu na saịtị, na-ege papa ya okwu na ọrụ na sizing elu ngwá na usoro.

Study na mmepe nke ọrụ

Amaba ọrụ malitere Fioravanti na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-amụ ọrụ n'aka na ezinụlọ azụmahịa. Artel Fioravanti nwere ihe ndekọ dị mma na Bologna, igbu nnukwu na prestigious iwu. Ọzọ-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nna nna natara ndị dị otú ahụ nnukwu iwu ka ndọtị oge ochie n'obí Akkursio na Bologna, ma nna-ya wuru Palazzo Comunale, nke merụrụ ahụ ọkụ. The nwata toro na ndị a na-ewu na saịtị na etinye obi gị dum ọtụtụ nkà na ihe ọmụma. Afọ 15 ọ bụ ama n'ụzọ zuru ezu ruru eru injinia na architects. Documents na-egosi na 1436 na-eto eto Fioravanti abuana ke mgbatị hey maka Obí del Podesta, a usoro nke na ụbọchị ndị ahụ chọrọ a ọtụtụ nkà.

na-aghọ a-nwe

Na-erule afọ 25 Aristotle mụtara amamihe niile nke ọrụ ma na-aka iso na-arụ ọrụ na ndị ezinụlọ azụmahịa. Mgbe nna ya nwụrụ Fioravanti mkpa n'ime aka ha were nwanne ya nwoke, na dike nke isiokwu a na-a zuru so na ekwenye.

The eto eto engineer nwere ịzụlite, na search nke ohere iji hazie onwe ha azụmahịa, ọ gara Rome. Na isi obodo, Aristotle na-arụ ọrụ dị ka otu ìgwè, ibufe ma wụnye na kọlụm na ụlọ nsọ nke Minerva. Ọ na-etinye aka na nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ oru bụ dị ka ihe engineer. E mụtara ime nnukwu ihe, na ya mere ya ihe-arụsi ọrụ ike oru eche echiche.

ọrụ afọ: Aristotle Fioravanti - Italian engineer

Na 1453, ndị budding-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ laghachi Bologna imezu ntụziaka site ibu ọrụ na mpaghara obodo - ọ na-edu ịrị elu nke mgbịrịgba elu. N'oge a na-arụ ọrụ, na engineer kpọrọ eche banyere mma nke engineering teknụzụ. Nke a emeela ka ndị mbụ nke Maara Aha Fioravanti engineer.

Na 1455, Aristotle gosi ụwa na ihe engineering ịtụnanya: ọ bụ ike ime ka mgbịrịgba elu nke ụka nke Santa Mariya Madzhore bụ 13 mita. N'ihi na nke a ọ na-eji usoro nke onwe ya mepụtara ma nwee ike ịrụ ọrụ taa adịghị mfe.

The ụlọ elu gbara ya gburugburu a pụrụ iche osisi onu, nke na-azọpụta ndị na-ewu si Inye ego mmiri oyi n'elu. Engineer etinyere pụrụ iche n'oge ụkpụrụ nke nkesa draft ike ole na ole ọnụ ụzọ ámá.

Slava Fioravanti gbasaa Italy, ma ugbu a, engineer kpọrọ ịrụ ihe kasị dị mgbagwoju iwu na, na mgbakwunye na a mara iji mee ka ezi ego. Ya mere, ọ na-ọma ịgbatị leaning ụlọ elu dị na Cento na mgbịrịgba elu na Venice. Otú ọ dị, mgbịrịgba elu dara na 2 ụbọchị mgbe usoro, na ya niile kụziiri Fioravanti nnọọ nlezianya na-enyocha ala, tupu n'ịmalite ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ.

Ebe ọ bụ na 1456 Fioravanti amalite ifịk ifịk na-ụkpụrụ iwu. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na nwughari nke ochie ụlọ ke Bologna, di ike ekpe mmiri juru na anamde a dịgasị iche iche nke iwu nke mepere emepe obodo. Nna ya ukwu ọrụ a na-emeso, ude ya na-na-eto eto, na 1458 a kpọrọ ya Milan na-eje ozi n'obí Duke, ebe Aristotle na-arụ ọrụ maka banyere 6 afọ.

Mgbe e mesịrị,-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ laghachi Bologna na anamde a dịgasị iche iche nke iwu, tinyere àkwà mmiri, elu, ulo elu o wuru na-eweghachi. Site 1464 na ọ bụ engineer na obodo nke Bologna nọ n'ọnọdụ a ruo mgbe ọnwụ ya, n'agbanyeghị eziokwu na mmekota ka na-aga nke-nwe ịrụ dị iche iche ọrụ na obodo nile nke Italy, nakwa dị ka na Hungary na Russia.

Aristotle Fioravanti wuru ọtụtụ ndị a ma ama ụlọ nke ya oge. Ya mbo e wuru akwedokt n'obodo Cento, nwughari nke Palazzo del Podesta, ma ebube nke ukwu n'oge ahụ karịa ka engineering oru ngo, dị ka a maara nke ọma na ụwa nke ije ka na-abịa.

Siri ike ugboro Aristotle Fioravanti

Ná ndụ ya nile, Aristotle Fioravanti chere ihu na atụmatụ aghụghọ nke anyaụfụ asọmpi. N'ihi nke a, ọ ugboro ugboro nwere ịgbanwe ha ebe obibi na-arụ ọrụ. A ọwọrọiso igbu akara aka bụ-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na ebubo coining ego kanta, na ọ mere na 1473. Master fọrọ nke nta n'ụzọ ọrụ ebube ezere ntaramahụhụ siri ike, ma o olileanya ịchọta ntinye akwụkwọ na Rome. Aristotle Fioravanti laghachi Bologna, ebe ọ na-eche, kama gara aga nnukwu iwu na-adịghị natara, na ọdịmma nke ya dịtụ maa jijiji.

Russian ọnụ ọchị chioma

Na Russia, Tsar Ivan III n'oge a malitere a magburu ụlọ: na Kremlin, e kpebiri na-ewu a nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ Cathedral, na-anọchi anya ike na ike nke eze ikike. Ma ọdachi dakwasịrị - a mgbidi dara, Italy e zigara nochite anya, na ntụziaka ime ka a ezigbo atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ.

Semen Tolbuzin zutere Aristotle Fioravanti ma nwee ike iji mee ka ọ na-aga a anya amaghị na mba. Ya mere, na 1475, ọ malitere a ọlaedo oge na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ ndụ.

Rutere Moscow, na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ, na-eso ya iwu nlezianya nyochaa ala na ihe si nke wuru ụzọ. O wee ọgwụgwụ na ọ dị mkpa iji dozie nsogbu abụọ. Akpa, nri na-ahazi na mmepụta nke ike brik. Nke abụọ bụ ike a miri emi nke ukwuu na ntọala siri ike dị ka n'ala Borovitsky ugwu e gwupụtara ọtụtụ ugboro na ike n'iru arọ nke a nnukwu ụlọ.

Na-arụ ọrụ ahụ malitere, na-enwetụbeghị ụdị maka Russia: ihe e kere eke nke miri emi ọwa na echichi nke ogologo osisi ikpo, nke na-adịghị na-anabata n'ebe Russian ije. Ọzọkwa na engineer meghere brick, nke na ọtụtụ afọ mgbe e mesịrị nyere isi obodo nke elu-edu ihe.

N'ókè nke ndụ: Aristotle Fioravanti wuru Cathedral nke mwere

Assumption Cathedral - bụ ihe atụ nke a elu ụkpụrụ ụlọ echiche ya organically agwakọta omenala na revolutionary ọhụrụ. Ọ ghọrọ ihe nlereanya ka chọọchị nke mwere Katidral ke Vladimir, ma Fioravanti rere ya maka otutu nke revolutionary Russia n'oge nke echiche.

The-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ mere ọtụtụ njem na obodo na-ọma-ghọtara omenala nke oge ochie Russian ije. Ndị a na-ahụkarị ụzọ wizard eji na mpụga imewe nke temple. N'otu oge ahụ na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọhụrụ kwere ya ike a saa mbara na-egbuke egbuke katidral.

The-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ emewo a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke na-akpali ngwọta ịmepụta otu esịtidem onyinyo nke temple. Ọ abolishes maara choruses na-eji gbara gharịị okporo osisi dị ka na-akwado, allocates a iche iche maka ebe royals. Master chọrọ ike a katidral na ga-emetụta niile n'echiche nke Russian ọdịbendị, ma chọkwara ịnabata ewu nke kasị oge a na ọnọdụ na-ije.

Na na ọgwụgwụ ọ bụghị nanị na-kere a adabako - a Russian na, n'otu oge, ndị Renaissance - ọdịdị nke temple, ma chere na site na niile n'akụkụ ohere, mwube ihe ndabere maka ihe ugbu a, na nganga nke ndị Russia - Cathedral Square.

Architect Ivan III jụrụ na-agba ụmụ akwụkwọ si Italy, na ha embody echiche nke ihe e kere eke nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ ensemble nke Kremlin. Ya mere, Russia hụrụ ya akara na ihe nlereanya ka ụkpụrụ ụlọ na-eṅomi. Katidral e wuru na ndekọ oge, na na 1479 gafere chọọchị nmeju. Na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ e ọdịda nke award na nsọpụrụ, ma ọ na-wepụtara n'ala nna ha, dị ka eze ya na atụmatụ ya.

Afọ nke nsọpụrụ na otuto

Ugbua n'oge na-ewu nke mwere Cathedral, Aristotle Fioravanti,-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ, ike ichefu ya engineering àgwà ọma. Ọ na-ewuli egbe ala mmepụta, na-akụzi Russian nna ukwu ma ndị agha na họpụtara isi nke Russian ogbunigwe. Ọ na-emekwa ụfọdụ na ibe ya bụrụ Russian ịgafe mmiri, iwu a pontoon akwa gafee Volkhov dị. A afọ ole na ole Master esetịpụ na ọrụ, nke mmesapụ aka na-akwụ ụgwọ ndị Russian Tsar.

Otú ọ dị, nna ukwu chọrọ ịga n'ụlọ na-ajụ ka eze lọta n'ụlọ ya, ma ọ na-anụ banyere ya achọghị. The ikpeazụ aha Fioravanti na ihe ndị mere n'ụbọchị na-atụ aro na ọ na-aka na a nkuzi megide Tver, nke biri na mmeri nke Russian ogwe aka.

Mmetụta Aristotle Fioravanti ije na Russian

Assumption Cathedral natara na ịnụ ọkụ n'obi site Russian architects, na na niile Russia malitere ịpụta ụlọ ọrụ, na n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na-emeghachi ẹbọ nke Italian-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ. Fioravanti, n'amaghị ama, tọrọ ntọala nke Russian mba akwụkwọ nke ije, nke nkwekọrita na-agwakọta ochie omenala nke Russian ije na ọhụrụ nke na-Italian Renaissance.

Unknown ọrụ nke Aristotle Fioravanti

Architectural akụkọ ihe mere eme ruo ugbu a na-agbalị ịchọta ụlọ na na-wuru Fioravanti na Russia. E nwere a ozizi na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke ndị na-ewu nke mwere Cathedral gara gburugburu mba na so na-ewu a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke dị n'ụlọ nsọ. Ụfọdụ ndị nchọpụta ekewet ya chepụtara nke St. Nicholas Katidral na ebe obibi ndị mọnk nke St. Anthony Krasnokholmsky Cheremenetsky John ndị ọkà mmụta okpukpe Obibi. E nwere a ele ihe anya, ma ọ dịghị ezigbo ihe àmà a ozizi abụghị. Na na eze na Aristotle Fioravanti wuru na Russia bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị mara mma ụka - Assumption Cathedral na Kremlin.

Ọgwụgwụ nke akụkọ

Ọ na-amaghị kpọmkwem mgbe ọ nwụrụ, Aristotle Fioravanti, n'oge ndụ nke na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na ihe dị kpebisiri ike. Na-adịbeghị anya na ọ nọrọ na Russia, ma, oge a fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụla na-egosi. Ma kpọmkwem ụbọchị nke ọnwụ - n'afọ 1486 - na-egosi na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ ya biri ogologo oge na ụbọchị ndị ahụ ndụ ('71 - nke a bụ oké agadi na narị afọ nke 15).

Life kere jupụtara ọnwụnwa, nchoputa na ihe ịga nke ọma. Ebube Katidral, wuru Aristotle Fioravanti, foto na-egosi na ọ na niile na ebube ya. Aha Wizard ruo mgbe ebighị ebi ede akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụwa na karịsịa Russian ije.

Engineer na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Aristotle Fioravanti, akụkọ ihe mere eme Eserese na nwere otutu-acha ọcha tụrụ, bụ a ghọtara innovator nke Russian ụkpụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ. Ya mmetụta na oyiyi nke Russia na-apụghị overemphasized. N'ihi na mba anyị, ọ bụ atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke pụrụ iche, n'ihi na ọ kpụrụ ensemble nke isi obodo nke mgbagwoju na wuru mwere Cathedral na Kremlin.

Aristotle Fioravanti, photos nke ụlọ nke taa nwere ike hụrụ na album ọ bụla njem na Moscow, bụ n'ezie Russian nketa. Ọ bụ ezigbo Renaissance nwoke: okike, gụrụ akwụkwọ, ịchọ ka mma na ịdị ukwuu imezu. Ndụ ya - a sample nke ịhụnanya ya na-arụ ọrụ, nke ọ na-ewepụtara ya ikpeazụ ume.