Kale: nkọwa, atụmatụ nke cultivation, iche, photos

Ke mbubreyo n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, mgbe ubi bụ ihe efu, na ahihia na ala ịta ahịhịa otú ahụ adịkwaghị, ị pụrụ ịhụ ọkpọ kemmiri na ọhụrụ osisi. Nke a ọzọ, nke bụ egwu ntu oyi. Na ntughari ka oyi nri nke osisi na-enye ohere ka anụ ụlọ dị ka ogologo dị ka o kwere inye akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na ndepụta ha ebubo. Kale dị nnọọ ụtọ nke ehi, ewu, òké bekee na anụmanụ ndị ọzọ na barnyard.

A obere akụkọ ihe mere eme

Europe dọọrọ uche gaa nnukwu succulent osisi maka a ogologo oge. E kwuru banyere ya na-ada n'ime oge ochie ndị Gris na Rom akwụkwọ. omenala na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ chụgara si ala gbara osimiri okirikiri mba Europe na ụwa. Nke a version nke ihe dabeere na eziokwu na ọtụtụ ndị na umu nke anụ ọhịa kabeeji na-hụrụ naanị na n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Europe, na Asia na ha abụghị.

The Russian Kale wee ruo na narị afọ nke 18. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị toro a otutu. Nke a na omenala nke a ogologo oge na-adịghị-mgbọrọgwụ na mba anyị, n'ihi na ndị mmadụ dị nnọọ adịghị aghọta na a obere ulo oru mbo ga-akwụ maka onwe ya ọtụtụ oge, na oru quality anụmanụ faili ntanetịime. Ka ụbọchị, omenala toro bụghị naanị na Russia ma na ubi nke Ukraine, Moldova, Azerbaijan, Estonia, na na. Ọzọkwa, ọtụtụ iche kwagara esenidụt na-eto eto nke ọma na America, Africa, New Zealand na Australia, nwere na-emegharị ka obodo Ọnọdụ Ihu Igwe.

General Description of omenala

Kale, onye aha-ekwu maka onwe ya, na-adịghị eji na salads. Ya epupụta bụ kwa siri ike n'ihi na na. Nke a cruciferous vegetables nke kabeeji ezinụlọ, nke Njirimara bụ zuru ezu enweghị isi. Na agụmakwụkwọ okirikiri, na umu-mara n'okpuru aha Brassica subspontanea Lizg.

N'ihi na biennial omenala cross-pollination e ji oké mkpanaka branched mgbọrọgwụ ndim na elu akụkụ. The osisi kwem oké Stumpy (stebleplod), ya dayameta nwere ike ịbụ ruo 5 cm. The azuokokoosisi nwere ike a cylindrical ma ọ bụ spindle ekara. Ya elu - si 35 ka 200 cm kabeeji doo lyre ekara ma ọ bụ ovate-oblong .. Ha bụ nnukwu na Ndị. E nwere ihe abụọ eke iche, nke dị iche na ogo nke curl na agba nke epupụta:

1. Scotland - ka crimped mgbakọ epupụta ndị isi awọ-green agba.
2. Siberia - obere mgbakọ, nwa ehi bụ bluish-green agba.

Ma iche akwukwo petioles ogologo stebleplod ala na top - truncated.

Okooko, mkpụrụ osisi ọzọ

Kale okooko osisi na n'afọ nke abụọ nke ndụ. Akụrụ, nke ga-aga okooko Ome, emi odude ke axils nke stebleplod. Okooko Ome elu (160 cm), branched, ole na ole epupụta. Inflorescence Kale na-adịghị ike omume rụrụ ahịhịa. Ogologo ya bụ banyere 80 cm.

Mgbe okooko, pod egosi ezigbo cylindrical udi. Ọ bụ mkpụrụ nke ọzọ. Inside bụ ezigbo ahazi osisi, nke ịdị iche iche na agba site na-acha anụnụ anụnụ-agba ntụ na nwa.

Gịnị mere na-eto eto ọzọ?

Ntị ka Kale guzo ma ọ bụrụ nanị n'ihi na ọ na-enye ohere iji ihe green nri maka ụmụ anụmanụ na ọbụna mgbe n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ frosts. Ma, nke ahụ ọ bụghị ihe niile bara uru àgwà omenala. Kale pụrụ iche nutritionally. Ọ nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ịnweta salts na vitamin. Ọ bụrụ na iji dị ka a silo, na ndepụta bụ fọrọ nke nta 18% nke protein, ihe karịrị 15% protein, 3.4% abụba ndị ọzọ karịa 46% nitrogen-free extractives.

1 n'arọ nke akwukwo ibu n'ebe 100 mg nke vitamin C ndị ọzọ karịa 42 mg nke vitamin A. Ọ na-e dere site, calcium na sọlfọ nke na-eme ọzọ dietary ngwaahịa maka anụ ụlọ. Anụmanụ na ọkụkọ na-magburu onwe-eri silage si omenala. Ọ na-esi isi ọma, mfe mgbari, na ekele na elu larịị nke protein na carotene, ngwa ngwa dere.

Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na Kale anaghị ida ya Njirimara ọbụna mgbe oyi. Thawed akwụkwọ anọgide na-agbanwe nakwa na ọ dịghị ida agba na flavor. Animals adịghị disclaim thawed green fodder, nke na-ebelata oge oyi nri. Na ụfọdụ mba Europe akwụkwọ Kale artificially Fikiere ma echekwara na ụdị protein ọgaranya akọrọ nri.

The mpaghara nke nri akuku

Ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ugbo na-eche otú iji na-akpa àgwà dị iche iche ihu igwe zones nke ọzọ? Photos akọ ubi enwetara site na oyi na-atụ na mpaghara (Murmansk, Novosibirsk), na site n'ebe ndịda na mpaghara nke mba anyị. Dabere na ihu igwe na ọnọdụ atọ zones akuku mkpụrụ nwere ike ịbụ 300 950 ton kwa biomass nke 1 hectare. Ihe ịga nke ọma na saịtị mkpụrụ esịmde 1500 quintals nke green uka kwa 1 hectare.

Fundamentals nke ugbo technology

Russian State Register (2006) na-agụnye a dịgasị iche iche nke dị ịrịba ama na ọtụtụ Dutch adọ ụdị ụfọdụ (Redbor na mpiaji). Ịtụkwasị omenala ẹkenam ke ndepụta ma ọ bụ akwukwo nri akuku rotations. Kale kụrụ mgbe legumes na ọka. Dị ka a ikpeazụ resotu, mgbe ahihia. Mgbe ụfọdụ, e nwere n'oge precursors nke akwụkwọ nri, dị ka ogologo dị ka ha kụrụ gbara dịghị mgbe e mesịrị ka June. Na nke a, n'oge nkera nke abụọ nke okpomọkụ omenala nwere oge na-etolite a mma owuwe ihe ubi. N'otu ebe ọzọ osisi ọ bụla 3-4 afọ.

na-eto eto ọzọ

N'ugbo maka cultivation nke ọdịbendị nkịtị ụzọ atọ:

1. Bezrassadnoj usoro ebe ọzọ (osisi) na-akụ kpọmkwem n'ime ala.
2. Seedling cultivation mgbe ala na-agafere si nurseries nke 30-40 ụbọchị iri osisi. Seedlings ke ọdịda kpụrụ 4-5 epupụta.
3. Private usoro, nke e mepụtara na Leningrad mpaghara. Na nke a, iji dị ọcha ala ma ọ bụ a ukwuu irè ọkụkụ. Seeding na-rụrụ nkịtị usoro, thinning na-adịghị rụrụ. Thickened ubi emetụta guzobe stebleplod. Na terrestrial phytomass enwekwu pasent nke epupụta.

Nonseedlings otú: atụmatụ

Bezrassadnoj amalite na-eto eto na n'oge opupu ihe ubi. The ala n'okpuru nkpuru kwadebere, boo na akpọrepu ala. Maka ala akuku ihe onwunwe mee akwukwo nri planter. Tee shirokorjadnyj agha. Spacing -. 70 cm na 1 m seeded si 1.5 na 4 n'arọ nke osisi. seeding omimi - 3 cm.

A ụbọchị ole na ole mgbe agha, emeela ka ike, ma ọ bụ na-achọ mbibi nke ala jikọrọ ọnụ ọgụ. Mgbe seedlings ẹkenịmde hoeing ahịrị. The ikpeazụ esichara maka dum na-eto eto oge ruo 4 ugboro. Ọnụ na a nitrogen njikọta rụrụ. Ọ ga-eji maka owuwe ihe ubi nri-ewe ihe ubi na-enweghị-egweri ngwa. Wepụrụ owuwe ihe ubi si August site December (dabere na agha oge).

Seedling usoro: atụmatụ

Seedling usoro na-eto eto ọzọ nwere ike dịkwuo mkpụrụ nke green uka. Transplanting n'ala a rụrụ n'otu oge dị ka n'ịgha mkpụrụ. Nke a na usoro gbatịrị oge nke osisi ibu, nke na-eduga ụba nri mkpụrụ.

Seedlings toro oyi usoro (na unheated nurseries). Tee teepu na ndị nkịtị ụzọ akuku. Mgbe kpụrụ 1-2 epupụta, na-eto eto osisi na-thinned. Na ogbo nke 2-3 doo ịrụ nri. Na ubi, seedlings dara na 4-5 gbasaa epupụta.

Ịkọ seedlings na-arụ mgbe spring agha ọka. Shirokorjadnyj eji usoro na aisles 70 cm anya n'etiti osisi na esepu - .. Up 40 cm Ọ bụrụ na ndị ala bụ arọ, mgbe ahụ, seedlings na-akụ na ridges.

A izu mgbe ọdịda ebe jupụtara ọgụ na n'ohu. N'oge na-eto eto oge omenala achọ 3-4 interrow nhazi. First - echikwapụ site 8 cm miri emi, na-esote - 12-15 cm.

Owuwe ihe ubi amalite mgbe cessation nke osisi ibu. Ẹkenịmde ya dị ka ọ dị mkpa, n'ebe ụfọdụ ọ na-agbatị ruo December.

The kasị ewu ewu na iche Kale

Ke ulo oru ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-esonụ iche ọzọ toro Russia, Vologda Brain green, na-eche akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ Siverskaya, Puku, nso Moscow, Polar, nzọụkwụ dị mkpa.

Na suburban ebe ọzọ toro bụghị nanị na nri, ma na-na ji achọ nzube. Dachniki mgbe họrọ mpempe akwụkwọ curled Redbor ngwakọ F1. The osisi nwere palmovidnuyu udi na a mara mma burgundy agba nke epupụta.

Dị ka nke ọma na ebe-adịgide ndụ mpiaji ngwakọ F1. Ọ ga-eji ọ bụghị nanị na icho mma nke ebe, kamakwa salads. The osisi nwere mara mma mgbakọ epupụta ndị acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ.

N'ihi obere ọrụ ugbo isi ihe mgbaru ọsọ na-anọgide kabeeji ịrịba AFT. Ọ na-ekwe ka ị na-na kacha mkpụrụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ uka na-enweghị iji oké ọnụ na-akọ ugbo na-eme. Ọ bụrụ na omenala enye nkịtị na-elekọta, na kasị elu mkpụrụ na-ekwe nkwa.