Kazakhstan: minerals nke mba ahụ, ha na-eri anụ. Ore minerals nke Kazakhstan

Mgbe ida nke Soviet Union, niile lekwasịrị anya Russia. Ma ọ bụrụ na i jiri nlezianya na-amụ map, ị pụrụ ịhụ na na otu ókèala ahụ ọbụna otu nnukwu ala, bi itoolu ebe ụwa ogo nke kasị ukwuu mba - Kazakhstan.

The abụọ akụkụ nke ụwa

The aha nke ala nyere okwu "Kazakh", nke nwere a Turkish si na pụtara otu ihe ahụ dị ka mgbanwe nke ya Russian "Cossack" - "free mmadụ." Free na ndị mmadụ nwere ebe ha na-akpagharị, n'ihi na ọbụna site ugbu a karịa 2,7 nde square kilomita nke ala ebe bụ karịa iri anọ percent bụ desert. Ma ọ bụrụ na anyị iche a ọkara desert, mgbe ahụ, a fọrọ nke nta n'enweghị onye bi na n'ókèala enyene fọrọ nke nta na iri isii percent nke Kazakhstan.

Nke a na ala - otu n'ime ole na ole nke ókèala dị na abụọ n'akụkụ nke ụwa - Europe na Asia. Na nso nso-emegiderịta-eme na definition nke ókè nke ụwa. Ọ bụrụ na mbụ ókè na-adọrọ mmasị ndị na Ural River, ma ugbu a, ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ekweta na ọ dị mkpa ka ịgbanwee ihe nke Ural Ugwu. Ihe ọ bụla na isi mmalite ma ọ bụ, ihe ọ bụla ókè n'etiti akụkụ nke ụwa na-rụrụ, ọ bụ a akụkụ buru ibu nke Kazakhstan bụ na Asia, na a nta - na Europe.

Ná mmalite, ndị bi na e ọzọ ediberede Kazakhs. Ma ebe ọ bụ na Soviet Union, mgbe e nwere a uka Mbugharị nke bi na mba - esi kpọpụ mmadụ nile nke Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya, na mmepe nke na-amaghị nwoke ala - agbụrụ mejupụtara nke na State enwetara dịgasị iche iche. Karịsịa ụba eruba nke ekupụ, mgbe ha chọpụtara nnukwu ego nke ịnweta akụ nke Kazakhstan. Na mmepe ha ego mere ka Soviet ụlọ ọrụ mkpa.

Oge Isiokwu na ngiri-afọ-

Na okwu nke geology Kazakhstan bụ ọgaranya ịnweta ego. Na ogbu mmiri nke na steeti a na-ezo ihe fọrọ nke nta dum oge table. Ọtụtụ narị na-ezughị ezu chemical ọcha enyoba ego nke iri asaa. N'otu oge mmepụta nke iri isii nke ha na-akpụ akpụ na zuru ọsọ. Nke a bara uru ọnọdụ nke mba na na ego kara aka na a dịgasị iche iche nke geological owuwu ndị dị otú ahụ a buru ibu n'ókèala. Ma ọ bụ geological Ọdịdị a ndabere maka eziokwu ahụ bụ na mineral na Kazakhstan emi odude fọrọ nke nta ozugbo gafee na mpaghara nke mba. Iji ụbọchị, e nwere ihe na narị ise ubi na-ebu ihe karịrị otu puku iche iche nke mineral. N'ụzọ dị mwute, mkpa ebe, nke bụbu Soviet Union emetụtawo mmepe nke ego na dị iche iche n'ógbè. Ya mere buru ibu ebuka nke ụfọdụ akụ nke Kazakhstan bụ na ọtụtụ ụzọ na-mepụtara.

Northern n'ókèala

Land of Northern Kazakhstan bụ center nke ígwè ore ụlọ ọrụ, na-eje ozi dị ka isi iyi nke ngwaọrụ n'ihi na mmepụta nke aluminum na gold. Mee nke magnetite ores na burozheleznyakovyh nke ọtụtụ ijeri tọn. Na ọ egwupụta bụ na ógbè a ogologo oge. Mepere emepe na zinc m na kasị n'ebe bụbu Soviet Union Asbestos ego na ya. Ewezuga nke dị n'elu, minerals Northern Kazakhstan - a ịrịba ego nke ores na a elu ọdịnaya nke nickel, cobalt, tin, tantalum, na titanium, ma ha ka na-na mmepe ogbo. Otu nkebi ahịrịokwu - atụ anya mmepe - emetụta a pụrụ iche ego nke ulo oru diamonds. Obi dị m ụtọ na eziokwu na Ngwuputa na-adịghị oyi kpọnwụrụ, na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-amalite-emezurịrị. Ka ihe atụ, malite na mmepe nke ores ọgaranya zinc, na ubi Shaimerden.

Orient

Ịnweta akụ nke East Kazakhstan-ọkọnọ isi polymetallic ores. Nke a bụ tumadi nke-edu ndú na zinc, na nke ọla kọpa na-amịpụtara si ore, na oké ọnụ ahịa na ọlaedo platinum ọcha. Ebe ndị a nwere ihe karịrị iri anọ pasent nke mee nke Kazakh gold. Ke adianade do, ọnọdụ a na-agba ume na nnukwu Kazakh mee n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke titanium ores bụghị naanị enyoba, ma malite na-mepụtara.

Central Kazakhstan

Kol efere na mba bụ ma ama tumadi Central Kazakhstan. Mineral ndị e wezụga siri ike carbon - a ore na elu ọdịnaya nke manganese, tungsten, molybdenum. Ókè-ala na mpaghara nke mba bụ nnọọ ot. Central region bụ na kọntaktị na ndị ọzọ na mpaghara, otú mee nke-edu ndú na zinc, nke na-emi odude na isi ugwu na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Kazakhstan nwere ego na center nke mba.

South Kazakhstan

Southern ala na-iche site na ndị ọzọ na mpaghara nke ala, ọbụna etiti, desert. Ya mere, ha nwere ihe pụrụ iche, n'adịghị ka ndị ọzọ akụkụ nke Kazakhstan, ego na ya. Ego nke uranium ore n'ebe ndịda nke obodo bụ nke abụọ kasị ukwuu n'ụwa, aza ajụjụ maka ihe karịrị iri abụọ percent nke ụwa mee. Ha mepụtara ihe ndị kasị oge a na ụzọ - by na-situ leaching. E wezụga uranium ore, n'ebe ndịda nke Kazakhstan bụ ma ama n'ihi na oké nkume phosphate ego na ya.

Western ala

Fọrọ nke nta niile hydrocarbon mee na-emi odude na ala nke Western Kazakhstan. Ọzọkwa, mmanụ mee mba ahụ bụ otu n'elu iri na abuo nke ụwa na-ekwu, na gas mee - na n'elu iri abụọ. E wezụga hydrocarbons, n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na amịpụtara potassium salts nke boron na ndammana chromite.

The ndú ụwa

The iche iche nke geological owuwu emewo ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ bụrụ na ọ na-abịa banyere Kazakhstan, ịnweta akụ nke mba, kwuru n'otu oge: na ụfọdụ ha ogide a-eduga ọnọdụ na ụwa. Ya mere na ọ dịghị ihe ijuanya na eziokwu na a na mba ndị kasị ukwuu n'ụwa mee nke ores nwere zinc, tungsten, barite. N'ọnọdụ nke abụọ n'ụwa silver, edu ndú na chromite. Kazakhstan bụ otu n'elu ise ike ụwa na nha nke ore nwere ọla kọpa, molybdenum, gold, na fluorite. Ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-achụso akụ na ụba ntule nke eji ịnweta ego, ihe ndị kasị mkpa maka aku na uba nke ala ga-coal na mmanụ.

coal na Ngwuputa

Ná mmalite, isi akụ nke Kazakhstan mere coal. ama ibu (n'ihi na catch ahịrịokwu) Karaganda mere ka a n'ihi nke mkpa nke ndị na-eto eto na Soviet steeti na coal. Mmadụ na ebe n'oge nke Central Kazakhstan na-enyoba na ọnụnọ nke coal na nke iri na itoolu na narị afọ, ma ndị mbụ ndị ọrụ 'niile pụtara ebe a na ná mmalite nke iri abụọ. Ma ifịk ifịk-ịzụlite Karaganda coal efere malitere na zitere nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ, mgbe mba ahụ nọ na-enwe nnukwu mkpa maka mmanụ a na ngwaọrụ maka ígwè ụlọ ọrụ. Mgbe niile, ndị obodo coal coking, n'ihi na a elu àgwà na na ina na njem. Ya mere, ndị mbụ tupu agha Ngwuputa na Kazakhstan e belata ka coal emana. Na oge nke nọ n'ọrụ mmepe nke coal na Ngwuputa ke ọzọ edere edere mpaghara nke ọhịa burozheleznyakovyh ores. Nke a bụ mmalite nke ngwangwa uto nke Metallurgical ụlọ ọrụ nke Kazakhstan. Ka ụbọchị, ndị hụrụ Karaganda coal efere 80 coalbed 120 mita oké na akpa 45 nde tọn. Ya ebe na-emi odude ke atọ Central ebe nke obodo. Kol Ngwuputa bụkwa underway na Ekibastuz coal efere.

hydrocarbons

Mgbe ida nke Soviet Union - ụwa na-eduga mmanụ na gas site n'ụwa - ọtụtụ post-Soviet mba ndidi dabere na Russia, n'ihi na ndị a hydrocarbons mee na-ekesa n'ụzọ na-ekwekọghị gafee mba. Ma ha adịghị napụ Kazakhstan. Mineral nwere hydrocarbons, na e guzobere ọhụrụ na-ekwu bụ na ngafe. Nke abụọ na post ukwu nke mee, na ndị ọzọ - eke gas. Ma peculiar mmepe nke mmanụ na gas ụlọ ọrụ n'ebe bụbu Soviet Union na ụzọ abụọ emetụta ndị ụlọ ọrụ n'oge nke onwe nke Kazakhstan. Na otu aka - a ọgaranya nkwụnye ego. Dị ka mmanụ mee na ngiri-afọ-nke ụwa, na Kazakhstan bụ a na-eduga zuru ụwa ọnụ otu, na-enwe ihe fọrọ nke nta abụọ pasent nke niile enyoba ego nke ngwaahịa na mbara ala, nke bụ ihe anọ nde tọn. Ubé erughị na eke na gas mee Kazakhstan: na pasent okwu nke zuru ụwa ọnụ ngụkọta - banyere otu percent, nke bụ ihe fọrọ nke nta abụọ ijeri cubic mita. N'aka nke ọzọ, na-elekwasị anya mmịpụta Union Siberia mmanụ na gas ada ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na direction na Kazakhstan bụ erughị mepere emepe karịa na ha gbara agbata obi na steeti.

ore ịnweta

Ore minerals na-ọtụtụ-eji Kazakhstan. Ebuka nke ígwè ore na-lekwasị ke edere edere ala nke ala, ebe e nwere ruo iri asatọ na ise percent nke ngụkọta mee nke mba. Ụfọdụ ore ego bụ elu na ígwè ọdịnaya na ha dị ukwuu karịa otu ọkara nke ore. Ma nkịtị Kazakh ore mmịpụta nwere ihe karịrị iri anọ percent ígwè.

Iri itoolu na itoolu percent chromium ego dị na ndịda ịkpali Ural ugwu, nke na-aha ya bụ na Kazakhstan Mugodzhary. State na-egosi na nke abụọ na ụwa na usoro nke chromite Ngwuputa.

Manganese ore obodo ego, nke na-enye a nke abụọ olu nke CIS, nwere ruo 27% nke metal ọdịnaya.

Ọla kọpa na Ngwuputa na mba a rụrụ n'otu ubi (Zhezkazgan, Orel, Nicholas) maka a ogologo oge, nke na-akpata ha nwayọọ nwayọọ gwụrụ. Ya mere, mgbalị nile e mere maka nyere nke ọhụrụ mmepe nke Eastern Kazakhstan. N'otu oge ahụ na-search ọla kọpa ores na-rụrụ na Central na Western na mpaghara nke mba.

Ọzọ, ma ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ekwu banyere Kazakhstan, na mba minerals nwere gold, uru arịba ama na mmepụta nke dị oké ọnụ ahịa metal bụ na mbụ na-enwe mmewere na mmepe nke polima ores. Ugbu a gold development mụụrụ 16 na mpaghara nke mba. Enyoba na 190 ubi, na gold mee Kazakhstan kwubara ise na ụwa. Arụ ọrụ ugbu a na-egwute ọlaedo kụziri site na gold n'elu ọzọ ọkara narị afọ.

nonmetallic ịnweta

Ịnweta akụ nke Kazakhstan na-ejedebeghị na ores na coal. The ala bụ ọgaranya na Asbestos ego ọtụtụ nke na-dị na Zhetygarinskom na Zhezkaganskom ubi. Ke adianade do, ubi ndịda Mugodzhar ọgaranya a mmewere, ọ bụ ezie na obere intensively mepụtara.

Mining arụmọrụ ke Kazakhstan budata mepụtara na mwepụ nduzi site ngiri-afọ nke uwa phosphate. Ebuka of site ọcha na ndịda nke mba ahụ bụ nke abụọ na ụwa site olu, na ọdịnaya nke isi ngwaahịa na unmatched.

E wezụga ndị a nonmetallic ọcha na ndị Caspian ịda mbà n'obi Kazakhstan ahụrụ na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ebuka salts. Iche nnu na-amị strata gafere abụọ kilomita.

Chịkọta niile n'elu, anyị na-arịba ama na mba ahụ bụ ọgaranya dị iche iche ego na ya. Mineral nke Republic of Kazakhstan nwere ndị kasị mma. N'ụzọ dị mwute, ha imewe na ọ bụghị mgbe niile nọgidere na-enwe n'oge kwesịrị ekwesị larịị. A kasị mkpa maka aku na uba nke ala nwere coal na Ngwuputa, mmanụ na gas.