Kọmputa agha. The ọhụrụ Russian mgbagwoju electronic agha

Strategic atụmatụ nke agha arụmọrụ rụrụ n'isi ụlọ ọrụ ndị agha dabeere na ọtụtụ isi echiche. A na-agụnye enweghị qua abụghị nke iwu ihe ọmụma nke arụmọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi na enweghị nkebi mgbanwe nke ozi. N'ihe banyere ndị na-abụghị nnabata na ma nke ndị a abụọ ibiere, ọbụna ndị kasị dị ike agha na ụwa, na-ebu a na nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke oge a na nkà na ụzụ na-onwem na họrọ agha, ghọọ a na-enweghị enyemaka ìgwè mmadụ, anyịgbu na ikpo scrap metal. N'ikuku na nnyefe nke ozi na-ugbu a na-emejuputa atumatu site ngagharị, chọpụtara, na nkwurịta okwu. About iji gbanyụọ iro Rada ma bibie ya nkwukọrịta, nrọ nke ọ bụla atụmatụ. Ọ nwere ike mere site n'aka na ụzọ nke electronic agha (EW).

Early ụzọ electronic guzogide

Ka anya dị ka ngwá electronic, ọ malitere ga-eji site agbachitere ngalaba. The uru nke wireless nkwurịta okwu mepụtakwara site Popov, kama ji Imperial Russian Navy. N'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ ikuku n'ikuku na nnyefe nke ozi juru ebe nile. N'otu oge ahụ na mbụ ụzọ nke electronic agha, ma ihere na-adịghị nnọọ irè. Ka ịmepụta nnyonye anya ụgbọelu na airships ama esịn si a elu nke Reza aluminum foil, mejupụtara ihe na-egbochi Itie radio ebili mmiri. N'ezie, nke a na usoro nwere ọtụtụ ọghọm, ọ rụrụ ọrụ ogologo zuru nkwurịta okwu ọwa anaghị yitewere. Na afọ 1914-1918 na-akp na n'ụzọ ọzọ dị mkpa ka EW, nkịtị na oge anyị. The ebumnobi nke signalers na Scout banyere interception nke onye iro nkwukọrịta dị oké mkpa. Ozi ngwa ngwa mụtara otú encrypt, ma ọbụna ndị ntule nke osisi ike nke na redio ekwe a mkpara nnyocha na-ekpe ikpe n'ihi na ya onwe.

Ọrụ Ozi na World

Mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ electronic agha banyere ọhụrụ na-adọ nke development. The ike nke submarines na ugbo elu Nazi Germany choro irè mmegide. Na Britain na US, mba n'ihu nsogbu nke nche nke Atlantic Communications, malitere oké njọ-arụ ọrụ na ihe e kere eke nke ji anya nchọpụta nke elu ma ikuku zaa, akpan akpan, atụ bọmbụ na akụ ụta FAA. Nnukwu bụ ajụjụ banyere ekwe omume nke chọpụtachaa ihe e deburu ozi German submariners. N'agbanyeghị ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke mgbakọ na mwepụ na-eme nnyocha na ọnụnọ nke ụfọdụ nke rụzuru, electronic agha ghọrọ irè nanị mgbe kpọọ nke (random) nzuzo igwe Engima. The bara uru n'ezie na nke nnyocha na ubi nke ghaara ya ụgha na ịkwụsịtụ ọmụma Ọdịdị na Germany n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na-adịghị hụrụ, ma ahụmahụ e akwakọba.

Army dị ka a dị ndụ organism

N'oge Agha Nzuzo electronic agha malitere udi, yiri oge a echiche nke ha. The ngwá agha agha, ma ọ bụrụ na ha tụnyere a ndụ organism, nwere sensory akụkụ, ụbụrụ na nche ụlọ ọrụ na-aku ọkụ mmetụta na onye-iro. "Ntị" na "anya" ndị agha - surveillance, nchọpụta na njirimara nke ihe na ike na-eyi egwu na nche nke kenkwucha ma ọ bụ usoro larịị. Brain ọrụ na-rụrụ site n'isi ụlọ ọrụ. Na ya site na a mkpa "akwara" nkwurịta okwu ọwa agha nkeji natara iwu, na-chọrọ ka e gbuo. Iji chebe a dum usoro na-eme dị iche iche ihe, kama ọ na-anọgide na-adịghị ike. First, onye iro mgbe niile na-achọ imebi akara na site n'ibibi ndị n'isi ụlọ ọrụ. Ya nke abụọ na nzube bụ tie ozi ndokwa n'aka (Rada na distal ọnọdụ nchọpụta). Nke atọ, mgbe ọ dịghị nkwurịta okwu ọwa akara usoro tụfuru arụmọrụ. The oge a usoro nke electronic agha karịrị akporo nke atọ ndị a aga-eme na-arụ ọrụ bụ mgbe ihe ndị ọzọ siri ike.

Defense asymmetry

Ọ bụ mba na nzuzo na ndị agha mmefu ego nke USA na okwu nke ego karịrị Russia. Iji ọma ebịne a kwere omume iyi egwu mba anyị nwere na-asymmetrical jikoro iji hụ kwesịrị ekwesị larịị nke nche obere oké ọnụ n'aka. Irè nke ịgba akwụkwọ kọwaa elu-tech ngwọta na ike teknuzu ọnọdụ n'itinye kasị elu mmebi na ocho lekwasị mgbalị ya ngwangwa ebe.

Na Russian Federation, otu n'ime ndị na-eduga na òtù aku na mmepe nke electronic agha bụ KRET (Nchegbu "Radio-electronic technology"). Ihe ndabere maka ihe e kere eke nke n'aka suppression nke nwere onye iro ọrụ bụ a anya nkà ihe ọmụma echiche. N'ihi na ihe ịga nke ọma ọrụ nke usoro kwesịrị ikpebi mkpa ebe nke ọrụ dị iche iche nkebi nke mmepe nke agha ogu.

Gịnị bụ ndị na-abụghị ike nnyonye anya

N'oge ugbu ogbo nke ihe e kere eke nke a eluigwe na ala na nnyonye anya, kpamkpam Ewezuga mgbanwe nke ihe ọmụma, bụ fọrọ nke nta agaghị ekwe omume. Ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ dị irè counter ụfọdụ nwere ike intercept na mgbaàmà, na nkọwa ya na nnyefe nke onye iro na a agbagọ ụdị. Ndị dị otú ahụ a usoro nwere mmetụta nke electronic agha, nwetara site n'aka ndị ọkachamara na-akpọ aha "ndị na-abụghị ike nnyonye anya." Ya ihe nwere ike ime ka a zuru ezu disorganization nke ọjọọ akara nke ndị agha na, dị ka a na ya pụta, ka ha zuru mmeri. Usoro a, dị ka ụfọdụ, esesịn a na-eji na Middle East esemokwu, ma ná ngwụsị afọ sixties na n'oge seventies cell isi EW ngwá ekweghị ka iji nweta elu arụmọrụ. Nnyonye anya na management nke agha nkeji nke onye iro rụrụ "aka". Taa, na mkpofu Russian electronic agha nkeji nwere digital technology.

kenkwucha n'aka

Ke adianade okwu nke usoro, agha guzo n'ihu, nwere dozie kenkwucha nsogbu. Aircraft ga efefe iro ọnọdụ na-echebe site ikuku agbachitere ngwá agha. Ọ ga-ekwe omume nye ha free Itie na edoghi nke agbachitere? Na nwunye, nke mere n'oge naval omume na Black Sea (April 2014), fọrọ nke nta na-egosi na oge a Russian electronic agha-enye a elu puru nke invulnerability ugbo elu, ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na e ji mara nke taa bụ agaghịkwa n'etiti ndị kasị aga n'ihu.

The Ministry of Defense obi umeala ahapụ ịza ajụjụ, ma American n'akụkụ mmeghachi omume na-ekwu mpịakọta. Nkịtị - na okwu nke eduzi - gburugburu ụgbọ mmiri, "Donald Kuk" gba ọtọ otu bombu Su-24 emewo ka odida nke dum nduzi akụrụngwa. Nke a bụ otú obere mgbagwoju electronic alụ agha "na Khibiny".

Mgbagwoju "Khibiny"

The usoro, aha ya bụ mgbe ugwu riiji na Kola Peninsula anya bụ a cylindrical akpa, na-kwụsịtụrụ na a ọkọlọtọ agha ugbo elu pylon. Echiche nke na-eke ihe ọmụma counter ego pụta na nkera nke abụọ nke ndị seventies. Defense achị natara KNIRTI (Kaluga Research Radio Engineering Institute). Mgbagwoju electronic agha echiche mejupụtara abụọ blocks, otu onye nke ( "Proran") maka ọgụgụ isi ọrụ, na ndị ọzọ na ( "regatta") gosipụtawo ifịk nnyonye anya. Operation biri ọma na 1980.

The modul e mere na-arụnyere na n'ihu-akara fighter Su-27. Russian mgbagwoju electronic alụ agha "na Khibiny" bụ n'ihi na ijikọta ọrụ nke ma nkeji ma hụ na ha na-achikota ọrụ ọnụ na onboard ngwá ọrụ nke ugbo elu.

nzube mgbagwoju

Device L-175B ( "Khibiny") e mere ịrụ ọtụtụ ọrụ, a kọwara dị ka ngụkọta nke electronic suppression nke onye iro ikuku agbachitere ọrụ.

The mbụ ọrụ na o nwere na-edozi na-alụ ọgụ na ọnọdụ - bụ zapelengovat probing radieshon isi iyi. Mgbe ahụ, n'ihi ihe mgbaàmà na-ekpu na ebumnuche nke na ịchọputa nsogbu nke ụgbọelu ugbo elu. Ke adianade do, na ngwaọrụ na-emepụta ọnọdụ n'ihi na ọdịdị na Rada ihuenyo ụgha zaa, sikwuoro mkpebi siri ike nke anya na-achịkọta na njọ ọzọ ude arụmọrụ.

Nsogbu ịda site iro ntụ ozize usoro na-aghọ ka ọtụtụ na ọ dịghị mkpa na-ekwu okwu banyere ịdị irè nke ọrụ ha.

Modernization nke "Khibiny"

N'oge na-gafeworonụ kemgbe n'ịkpa ngwaahịa L-175B, esereese nke ngwaọrụ e doro ihe e ọtụtụ mgbanwe, Aims iji melite technical parameters na Mbelata ke size na arọ. Improvement-aga n'ihu taa, ụzọ aghụghọ na-na-ezo ezo, ma anyị maara na ihe ọhụrụ set of electronic agha nwere ike na-ebu otu nchedo ugbo elu site na mmetụta nke-emegide ugbo elu agha okụre nwere onye iro dị ka ẹdude taa, na ekwe. Modular ewu na-agụnye ekwe omume nke na-amụba cardinality na ọmụma ike, dabere na chọrọ nke kenkwucha ọnọdụ. Na-emepe emepe na ngwaọrụ na-elebara bụghị naanị ugbu a ala nke ikuku agbachitere nwere onye iro, ma na-na atụmanya nke development ohere na n'ọdịnihu dị nso (ruo mgbe 2025).

Omimi "krasukha gba usoro"

Kọmputa agha agha nke Russian Federation na nso nso a nakweere anọ mobile set of electronic alụ agha "na krasukha gba usoro-4." Ha na-na nzuzo, n'agbanyeghị na terrestrial ofu usoro yiri nzube "krasukha gba usoro 2" ndị na-ama na iji na ndị agha ebe ọ bụ na 2009.

Ọ maara na mobile usoro na-kere Rostov Research Institute "grajentị", na-emepụta Nizhny Novgorod NGO "kwantum" na n'ịnyịnya na Chassis baz-6910-022 (asatọ wheel, anya-ụzọ). Ya dị ka ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe na Kacha ọhụrụ Russian mgbagwoju electronic alụ agha "na krasukha gba usoro" bụ ifịk-n'ezinụlọ usoro, na ijikọta a re-emission nke akpa ubi N'ịbụ n'oge ịdọ aka ná ntị antennae (gụnyere AWACS), na ihe e kere eke nke nọ n'ọrụ directional nnyonye anya. Enweghị oru nkọwa na-adịghị gbochiri eri eri na media ọmụma banyere na-akpali akpali, ohere nke mgbagwoju EW, onye ọrụ ya bụ "crazy" akara usoro nke unmanned keikuku ugbo ala na mmiri aiming nwere onye iro agba.

Gịnị na-zoro n'azụ a ákwà nke ihe omimi

N'ihi doro anya na ihe mere, ozi na nkọwa nke ọhụrụ Russian electronic agha usoro na-na-ezo ezo. Mba ndị ọzọ na-abụghị na a ọsọ ọsọ na-eso nzuzo na ndị na-emenụ, nke bụ maa underway. Otú ọ dị, na-ekpe ikpe ogo readiness nke a akpan akpan agbachitere site dị ihe technology ka ekwe omume. N'adịghị ka usoro nuclear akụ ụta na irè nke nke dị mma nanị ịkọ nkọ na-eme ka ada analysis, EW ngwá nwere ike nwalere n'okpuru ọnọdụ dị ka nso ọgụ, na ọbụna megide nnọọ adị n'ezie, albeit pụrụ ịbụ ndị iro, dị ka o mere na April 2014. Mgbe e nwere ihe mere kwere na ndị agha Russia electronic agha nke ikpe na ọ ga-ada.