Brown coal. Kol Ngwuputa. Ubi lignite

Jiri nke aja aja coal bụghị otú nkịtị tụnyere ya analogue nkume, ma ala na-eri kpo oku na-eme mkpa si otú mmanu ndi mere onwe n'etiti obere na nzuzo ji esi mmiri ọkụ. Na Europe, a ghara ịdị na-mara dị lignite, ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-adịkarịghị kewapụrụ izugbe nhazi ọkwa nke coal. Banyere ya, nzube ihe atụ, na Germany ọ na-eji na-enye uzuoku ike osisi na lignite na Greece enye gị ohere igbanye elu 50%. Ma ọzọ zuru ebe nile dị ka a ụdị nke siri ike mmanụ ụgbọala, ihe a nwere, ọ dịkarịa ala n'ụdị otu nọọrọ onwe ha akụ.

General ozi na lignite

Lignite bụ a oké nkume yiri uka nke ìhè-agba aja aja ma ọ bụ nwa. ọ ga-hụrụ na akwukwo nri osisi Ọdịdị na nso nnyocha. The ji esi mmiri ọkụ na agba aja aja coal na-ọkụ kama ngwa ngwa na ntọhapụ nke soot na peculiar isi nke na-enwu. Banyere ihe ndị mejupụtara, ọ na-kpụrụ ash, sọlfọ, carbon, hydrogen na oxygen. Adịghị-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi otu ọcha ugbu a na ndị ọzọ ụdị coal.

Dị ka ihe mejupụtara, ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a na ego na-akọ na humites. Transitional Sapropelite na humus inclusions ime n'ụdị n'ígwé na ego na nke humites. Na efere nke lignite grouped microcomponents nke vitrinite. Ọ ga-kwuru na ash mmiri dị otú ahụ ubi ndị kasị sie ike gbakọọ. N'ihi na ngụkọta oge nke thermal arụmọrụ na-atụ aro kpọtụrụ pụrụ iche tebụl na tụnyere àgwà nke ìgwè data ji esi mmiri ọkụ na ngwá.

Mmalite nke ego

The kasị ibu ego na ihe e ji mara nke Mesozoic-Cenozoic sediments. Na a Lower Carboniferous ego nke Moscow efere ike mara dị ka isịneke. European ego predominantly jikọtara n'ígwé Neogene- Paleogenic oge, na na Asia na-adịkwaghị Jurassic esite. Ụkọ fossils nke Cretaceous oge. Russian ebuka bụ n'ihi na ọtụtụ akụkụ a ihe ọmụma si na Jurassic sediments. Otutu na ego na-na a na-emighị emi omimi (10-60 m). N'ihi na nke a na-akpata na ọ pụrụ ịbụ ihe na-emeghe coal na Ngwuputa, ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ndị na mfịna ọwa ruo 200 mita. Isi akụrụngwa nke e guzobere lignite jere ozi n'otu oge dị ka deciduous na coniferous osisi, peat na pyalpy. Inwetara carbon n'ihi na eziokwu na decomposition usoro emee n'okpuru mmiri na-enweghị ohere nke ikuku. Ọzọkwa osisi ndabere e weere na ájá na ụrọ, site nke ozokwa ego akakabarede nzọụkwụ Nleta graphite.

coal na Ngwuputa

Russia na okwu nke lignite mmepụta họọrọ ise. 75% nke ngụkọta ego dị na ulo oru na ike ụlọ ọrụ, na ihe ndị ọzọ na-eji na chemical ụlọ ọrụ na nkà mmụta banyere ígwè. Ọzọkwa, a obere hà na-exported. Technology mmepe na kpọmkwem mmepụta n'ozuzu-echeta na-arụ ọrụ ụzọ na ndị ọzọ ụdị carbonaceous ego na ya. Ma coal na Ngwuputa aja aja na agba nwere uru. Ebe ọ bụ na a ghara bụ na-eto eto, na nnukwu nkezi nke akụ na-amịpụtara si n'ọhia. Ka ụbọchị, usoro a bụ ndị kasị dị irè, mma ma dị ọnụ ala. Otú ọ dị, si ele ihe anya nke gburugburu na ọ bụghị ndị kasị mma usoro nke mmịpụta, ebe mmepe nke miri emi olulu gụnyere sara ikpo-akpọ overburden.

nnukwu ego

Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ekwu banyere Russia, ndị kasị ibu aja aja coal ego ọ bụ Soltonsky mgbagwoju awa nkume. Nke a bụ nanị isi iyi nke coal, emi odude ke Altai. Dị ka ndị ọkachamara, a nkwụnye ego nwere banyere 250 nde tọn oké nkume. Ọzọkwa, a maara na Kan-Achinsky multikilometer ọdọ mmiri aja aja coal, bụ nke dị na Krasnoyarsk mpaghara. N'ọnọdụ abụọ, mmepụta a rụrụ na-emeghe technology. Oputara ekwe ego nke lignite na mepụtara na Germany, nke bụ kasị soplaya coal na Europe. Ọtụtụ nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ na-na-ebe ke East Germany, ebe Central German na Lauzitsky ọdọ mmiri. Dị ka ụfọdụ ndị na-akọ, ndị a ego nwere 80 nde tọn. Dị ka Russia, ndị German ọkachamara na-eduzi ndị na-emeghe usoro nke mmepụta, na-akpụ akpụ n'ebe oké ọnụ aro usoro.

The na-eri nke lignite

Dị ka qualitative e ji mara coal aja aja nkume tụfuru ọzọ maara counterpart. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ ihe mere ka o kwe omume ubé bulie ina obere mara mma akụ. N'etiti ha ka anyị nwere ike banyere ego na nke lignite mezuru. Price dịgasị na nkezi, si 800 na 1200 rubles. 1 ton. The elu calorific uru, ndị dị elu nke price mkpado. N'ihi na ha tụnyere, a ton nke coal ike zụrụ na ọtụtụ 2,000 puku rubles .. Dị ka ekwuola, ndị nuances nke na-arụ ọrụ ji esi mmiri ọkụ iji lignite ka gbochie ya nile eji. Ma qualitative ihe suppliers nwere n'etiti ndị ahịa na ike ụlọ ọrụ, na na agba nke onye oriri.

ọgwụgwụ

End n'ji lignite nwere ike ọnọ ke a ota ma ọ bụ unsorted ụdị. Dị ka ọ na-emekarị anụ ụlọ mmanụ ụgbọala na-eji maka combustion nke bibiri, na maka mgbagwoju Metallurgical ọrụ ọ ka koksobrikety. Ruru ya ala na-eri na obosara nkesa nke nnukwu ego nke aja aja coal bụghị ikpeazụ ebe ke ndepụta chọọ-mgbe mmanụ ụgbọala ihe. Otú ọ dị, megide ndabere nke na-amụba ume arụmọrụ nke kpo oku usoro chọrọ ma na stricter gburugburu ebe obibi ụkpụrụ ndị dị otú ahụ ngwaọrụ na-aghọ obere mara mma. N'ọtụtụ mba, na ojiji nke aja aja coal dị nanị mmepụta mkpa, ma Russia na Germany atụ gosi ụdị na mkpa na okwu nke n'ji were.