Ytterbium eriri laser: ngwaọrụ, na-arụ ọrụ ụkpụrụ, ike, mmepụta, ojiji,

Eriri lasers bụ kọmpat na inogide, ezi, na mfe ikposa rata okpomọkụ. Ha na-abịa dị iche iche na ụdị na-enwe a otutu ime na lasers nke ndị ọzọ ụdị nwere onwe ha pụrụ iche uru.

Eriri lasers: ọrụ

Ngwaọrụ nke ụdị bụ ọkọlọtọ mgbanwe nke siri ike-ala isi iyi nke coherent radieshon si eriri, kama mkpanaka arụ ọrụ ọmụmụ, a efere ma ọ bụ diski. The ìhè N'ịbụ dopant ke Central akụkụ nke eriri. Ihe owuwu nwere ike mbio mfe nnọọ mgbagwoju. Ytterbium eriri laser ngwa ndị dị otú ahụ na eriri nwere nnukwu n'elu na olu ruru, otú ahụ ka okpomọkụ nwere ike diffused dịtụ mfe.

Eriri lasers na-pumped optically, mgbe mgbe, na-enyemaka nke diode lasers, ma na ụfọdụ - otu isi mmalite. Optics eji na ndị a na usoro ndị na-emekarị na-anọchi anya optic mmiri, nke kasị ma ọ bụ ha niile na-jikọọ ọ bụla ọzọ. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a nnukwu Gbasara Anya, na mgbe ụfọdụ esịtidem ngwa anya eriri usoro na-achọkwa na mpụga nnukwu Gbasara Anya.

A diode mgbapụta iyi nwere ike a diode n'usoro, ma ọ bụ a plurality nke onye diodes, ọ bụla nke na jikọọ na njikọ eriri optic waveguide. Doped eriri na onye ọ bụla na njedebe nwere a mirror oghere resonator - na na omume na-eme ka eriri Bragg ji kpachie oghere. Na nsọtụ nnukwu Gbasara Anya nwere, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị naanị na mmepụta doo abatakwa ihe ọzọ karịa eriri. The ìhè ndu nwere ike gbagọrọ mere na ọ bụrụ chọrọ na laser oghere nwere ike a na ogologo nke ọtụtụ mita.

binuclear

Structure emep uta eri na-eji eriri lasers, dị mkpa. The kasị bụ jiometrị nke a sọrọ-isi Ọdịdị. Undoped elu isi (mgbe ụfọdụ kwuru na dị ka intima) pumped nakọtara ìhè na-eduzi ya, tinyere eriri. Kpaliri radieshon site na eriri-agabiga n'ime isi, nke bụ mgbe a otu mode. The n'ime isi nwere ihe mmako ytterbium, kpaliri site mgbapụta ìhè. E nwere ọtụtụ iche nke noncircular elu isi gụnyere - hexagonal, D ekara na akụkụ anọ, na-ebelata ihe gbasara nke puru nke afiak okpu nditọ ìhè doo ke Central isi.

The eriri laser nwere ike ọgwụgwụ ma ọ bụ n'akụkụ pumping. Ke akpa idaha ìhè si otu ma ọ bụ karịa isi mmalite abatakwa eriri ọgwụgwụ. Mgbe n'akụkụ pumping ìhè na-ọnọ na a splitter nke na-azụ ya n'ime elu isi. Nke a dị nnọọ iche na nke laser mkpanaka ebe ìhè abatakwa perpendicular na axis.

N'ihi na mkpebi dị otú ahụ na-achọ a otutu bughi nmepe. Uche na-akwụ ụgwọ chịkọta mgbapụta ìhè n'ime isi na-emepụta a bi inversion, na-eduga kpaliri emission na n'ime isi. laser isi nwere mgbanwe degrees nke amplification na eriri dabere doping, nakwa dị ka ogologo-ya. A ihe na-setịpụrụ dị ka a imewe engineer maka chọrọ kwa.

Power ịgba nwere ike ime, karịsịa mgbe na-arụ ọrụ n'ime otu-mode eriri. Ndị dị otú ahụ a isi nwere nnọọ obere cross-sectional ebe, na dị ka a n'ihi na-aga therethrough ìhè nke dị nnọọ elu osisi ike. Mgbe a na-aghọ ndị ọzọ akpọ ndị na-abụghị linear Brillouin chụsasịrị, nke egbochi ndị ike mmepụta nke ọtụtụ puku watts. Ọ bụrụ na mmepụta dị elu zuru oke, na eriri ọgwụgwụ nwere ike mebiri emebi.

Karịsịa eriri lasers

The ojiji nke eriri dị ka na-arụ ọrụ ọmụmụ enye ukwuu mmekọrịta ogologo, nke na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma mgbe ndị diode pumping. Nke a jiometrị arụpụta a elu akakabarede arụmọrụ nke photons, nakwa dị ka a pụrụ ịdabere na na kọmpat ewu, nke ọ na pụrụ iche Gbasara Anya, ka a na ukpụhọde ma ọ bụ itinye n'ọnọdụ.

A eriri laser, nke ngwa na-enye ohere ọ imeghari ọma, nwere ike na-emegharị maka ịgbado ọkụ nke oké metal Ibé akwụkwọ na-emepụta femtosecond pulses. Eriri-optic amplifiers enye otu-ngafe uru na-eji telekomunikashions, dị ka ha nwere ike ikowa ọtụtụ wavelengths n'out oge. Otu uru na-eji na ike amplifiers na a ukwu oscillator. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ndị ampilifaya nwere ike ejikwara na a na-aga n'ihu-efegharị efegharị laser.

Ihe atụ ọzọ bụ isi iyi nke n'amaghi emission si eriri-mkwado, nke kpaliri emission na-ewute ya. Ihe atụ ọzọ bụ a Raman eriri laser jikọtara na ụba dispersion, n'ụzọ shiee wavelength. Ọ hụrụ ngwa nnyocha, ebe Nchikota ọgbọ na amplification eji a Fluoride iko kama ọkọlọtọ silica emep uta eri.

Otú ọ dị, n'ozuzu, emep uta eri mere nke silica iko na obere-uwa dopant na isi. Ihe bụ isi nwekwara ndị ytterbium na erbium. Ytterbium nwere wavelengths si 1030 na 1080 nm, na ike emit n'elu a dịgasị iche iche. The ojiji nke 940-nm diode mgbapụta budata ebelata mpe nke photons. Ytterbium dịghị a onwe-quenching mmetụta, nke na-neodymium na elu densities, otú nke ikpeazụ na-eji na nnukwu lasers na ytterbium - eriri (ha ma na-enye banyere adabakọkarị).

Erbium ewepụtarịrị na nso 1530-1620 nm, a mma n'ihi na anya. The ugboro ole nwere ike okpukpu abụọ n'ịwa ìhè na 780 nm, nke bụ maka ndị ọzọ ụdị eriri lasers. N'ikpeazụ, ytterbium ike-atụkwasịkwara erbium ka mmewere ga banye mgbapụta radieshon na-ebunye a ike erbium. Thulium - ọzọ dopant na emission na nso infrared region, nke si otú ahụ dị nchebe maka anya foto.

elu arụmọrụ

The eriri laser bụ a na-azọrọ na atọ-larịị usoro. mgbapụta photons ejikere mgbanwe site n'ala ala na elu oyi akwa. Laser mgbanwe bụ site kasị ala òkè nke elu na otu nke gbawara n'etiti ground ekwu. Nke a bụ nnọọ irè: n'ihi na ihe atụ, ytterbium-940 nm photon mgbapụta ewepụtarịrị a photon na wavelength nke 1030 nm, na kwantum nkwarụ (ike na ọnwụ), naanị banyere 9%.

N'ụzọ dị iche, neodymium, pumped na 808 nm ariri banyere 24% nke ike. N'ihi ya, ytterbium apụtụghị nwere a elu arụmọrụ, ezie na ọ bụghị ihe nile nke ọ bụ iru n'ihi ọnwụ nke ụfọdụ n'ime photons. Yb nwere ike pumped na a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ugboro na ìgwè ndị agha, na erbium - wavelength nke 1480 ma ọ bụ na 980 nm. The elu ugboro bụ bụghị dị ka irè na okwu nke ntụpọ photons, ma bara uru, ọbụna na nke a, n'ihi na 980 nm, ndị kasị mma isi mmalite dị.

N'ozuzu arụmọrụ nke eriri laser bụ n'ihi nke abụọ-nzọụkwụ usoro. Firstly, ọ bụ arụmọrụ nke mgbapụta diode. Semiconductor isi mmalite nke coherent radieshon dị nnọọ irè, na 50% arụmọrụ n'ịtụgharị ihe electric mgbaàmà n'ime ihe ngwa anya. The results nke laabu ọmụmụ-atụ aro na ọ bụ omume na-eru a uru nke 70% ma ọ bụ karịa. Na kpọmkwem egwuregwu mmepụta radieshon absorption akara eriri laser a na-enweta na a elu pumping arụmọrụ.

Nke abuo, nke a ngwa anya-ngwa anya akakabarede arụmọrụ. Mgbe a obere ntụpọ photons nwere ike nweta a elu ogo excitation na mmanụ arụmọrụ nke ngwa anya-ngwa anya akakabarede arụmọrụ nke 60-70%. Ihe arụmọrụ bụ na nso 25-35%.

dị iche iche configurations

Eriri kwantum na-aga n'ihu-efegharị efegharị generators nwere ike otu ma ọ bụ multimode (transverse ụdịdị). Singlemode na-akwa àgwà doo maka ihe, na-arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ na-ezipụ a doo site ikuku, na multimode ulo oru eriri lasers ike igbanye ọzọ ike. Ọ na-eji maka ọnwụ na ịgbado ọkụ, na karịsịa, n'ihi okpomọkụ omume, ebe a nnukwu ebe a na-ìhè.

The ogologo eriri laser bụ n'ụzọ na-azọrọ-aga n'ihu ngwa na-emekarị millisecond pulses amụba ụdị. Na-emekarị na ọ bụ ọrụ okirikiri bụ 10%. Nke a na-eduga ná a elu elu ike karịa na-aga n'ihu mode (a ugboro iri) na-eji ihe atụ, maka a pulsed-egwu. The ugboro ole nwere ike 500 Hz, dabere na oge.

Q-ịmafe na eriri lasers nwekwara-eme dị ka na nnukwu. A na-ahụkarị usu oge bụ na nso nke nanoseconds ka microseconds. The ogologo eriri ahụ, ogologo oge ọ na-ewe maka Q-ịmafe nke mmepụta radieshon, dapụtara na a aba usu.

Eriri Njirimara nwere ụfọdụ na-agaghị emeli na Q mgbanwe olu. The nonlinearity nke eriri laser bụ ihe ịrịba n'ihi obere cross-sectional ebe nke isi, nke mere na elu ike kwesịrị dịtụ mmachi. Ị nwere ike iji ma Q olu switches, nke na-enye elu arụmọrụ, ma ọ bụ optic modulators, nke na-ejikọrọ na nsọtụ nke ifịk akụkụ.

Q-Switched pulses nwere ike adịkwu na a eriri ma ọ bụ na uji eze resonator. Otu ihe atụ nke ikpeazụ nwere ike ike dị na National Mgbagwoju ịme anwansị nke nuclear ule (NIF, Livermore, Azu), ebe eriri laser bụ ọkà oscillator maka 192 ibé. Obere pulses na nnukwu slabs nke iko doped adịkwu ka megajoules.

Eriri lasers na mmekọrịta ugboro ugboro ugboro ole na-adabere na ogologo nke nwee ume na ihe onwunwe, dị ka ndị ọzọ na ụdịdị nke mmekọrịta sekit na usu oge na-adabere na ike welie throughput. The kasị nso bụ na nso nke 50 fs, na ọtụtụ ahụkarị - na nso nke 100 fs.

N'agbata ytterbium na erbium eriri, e nwere otu ihe dị mkpa dị iche, adịru ha rụọ ọrụ dị iche iche ụdịdị dispersion. Erbium-doped eriri emitting na 1550 nm na a n'ógbè anomalous dispersion. Nke a na-enye ohere solitons. Itterbievye emep uta eri na-na a ziri ezi ma ọ nkịtị dispersion; dị ka a N'ihi ya, ha n'ịwa pulses na linear ugboro mgbanwe olu akpọ. Dị ka a n'ihi nke Bragg ji kpachie oghere ọ pụrụ ịdị mkpa ka mpikota onu na usu n'ogologo.

E nwere ọtụtụ ụzọ gbanwee na eriri-laser pulses, akpan akpan n'ihi picosecond ultrafast ọmụmụ. Photonic crystal emep uta eri nwere ike arụpụtara na nnọọ obere cores n'ihi na ike adịghị n'ahịrị mmetụta, dị ka supercontinuum emana. N'ụzọ dị iche, photonic kristal nwekwara ike-arụpụtara na dị nnọọ ukwuu otu-mode isi iji zere adịghị n'ahịrị mmetụta na elu ike.

Mgbanwe photonic crystal eriri na nnukwu isi kere maka ngwa na-achọ elu ike. Otu n'ime ụzọ bụ kpachaara anya ekwe nke eriri na-ewepụ ọ bụla achọghị elu iji ụdịdị mgbe nọgide na-enwe a isi transverse mode. The na-abụghị linearity emepụta harmonics; na site subtracting ugboro nke ịkpakọba, ị nwere ike ịmepụta a mkpumkpu na ogologo wavelengths. Adịghị n'ahịrị mmetụta nwekwara ike na-emepụta usu mkpakọ, nke na-eduga ná ọdịdị ugboro combs.

The supercontinuum isi iyi dị ka nnọọ obere pulses emepụta a na-aga n'ihu ụdịdị dị iche iche site na-adọ mgbanwe olu. Ka ihe atụ, site na mbụ 6 Ọma pulses na 1050 nm, nke na-emepụta na ytterbium eriri laser ụdịdị dị iche iche nweta ke nso site na ultraviolet karịa 1600 nm. Ihe ọzọ na-Iye-pumped erbium-supercontinuum isi iyi na a wavelength nke 1550 nm.

High ike

Ụlọ ọrụ bụ ugbu a ndị kasị ibu n'ji nke eriri lasers. Na elu ina nri ugbu a na-arụ ike nke iji nke kilowatts eji na akpakanamde ụlọ ọrụ. The akpakanamde ụlọ ọrụ na-akpụ akpụ, n'ebe na mmepụta nke elu-ike ígwè ụgbọala izute chọrọ nke anwụ ngwa ngwa na ndị dịtụ mfe ukwuu mmanụ ụgbọala aku na uba. Ot igwe ngwaọrụ bụ nnọọ ike, n'ihi na ihe atụ, Punch n'oghere ụdị ígwè na na isi mmalite nke coherent radieshon-eme ka ọ dị mfe.

Ịcha metal eriri laser, jiri ya tụnyere ndị ọzọ ụdị kwantum generator nwere ọtụtụ uru. Dị ka ihe atụ, na nso nso-infrared waveband ọma etinye obi gị dum ọla. Doo nwere ike naputa site na eriri, nke na-enye ohere robot mfe ime na-elekwasị anya mgbe ịcha na-egwu.

Ngwa anya eriri afọ ju ndị kasị elu chọrọ maka ike. Ngwá Agha US Navy, na-anwale na 2014, ndị mejupụtara a 6-eriri 5.5-kilowatt lasers jikọtara na otu nnukwu osisi na radiating site akpụ ngwa anya usoro. 33 kW unit e ji merie ihe unmanned keikuku ụgbọala. Ọ bụ ezie na doo abụghị otu-mode, usoro bụ nke mmasị, dị ka ọ na-enye ohere ka ike a eriri laser na aka-ha si ọkọlọtọ, ngwa ngwa dị Efrata.

The kasị elu ike otu-mode coherent ìhè na isi mmalite nke IPG Photonics bụ 10 kW. The ukwu oscillator arụpụta a watt nke ngwa anya ike, nke na-ọnọ na ampilifaya ogbo pumped na 1018 nm na ìhè nke ndị ọzọ eriri lasers. The dum usoro nwere a size nke abụọ friji.

The ojiji nke eriri lasers na-akp na elu ike ọnwụ na ịgbado ọkụ. Ihe atụ, ha dochie eguzogide ịgbado ọkụ ígwè mpempe akwụkwọ n'idozi nsogbu nke deformation nke ihe onwunwe. Power akara na ndị ọzọ kwa na-enye ohere zuru oke ọnwụ arụchi, karịsịa nkuku.

Ike kacha ike multimode eriri laser - n'ihi na ọnwụ ọla si na otu emeputa - ruo 100 kW. The usoro dabeere na a Nchikota incoherent doo, n'ihi ya, ọ bụghị ibu elu-edu doo ya. Nke a na-eguzogide-eme ka eriri lasers mara mma maka ụlọ ọrụ.

ihe egwu

Multimode eriri laser mmepụta nke 4 kW ike ga-eji maka ọnwụ na ihe-egwu. Gịnị mere ya? Mgbe injinia na-agbalị iji nweta seismic eguzogide ẹdude ụlọ,-abụ nnọọ anya na ihe. Mgbe arụnyere n'ime ya, dị ka ígwè mkwado ot percussion egwu nwere ike ime ka flaws na imeda ihe, ma eriri lasers bee enweghị ndinuak ya.

Lasers na a Q-Switched eriri eji ihe atụ maka labeling ma ọ bụ na imewe nke okporo ọkụ ngwá electronic. Ha na-eji na nso funahụrụ: modul bụ size of a n'aka nwere anya-mma eriri lasers onye mmepụta bụ 4 kW, ugboro nke 50 kHz na a usu oge nke 5-15 NS.

n'elu omume

E nwere oké mmasị na obere eriri lasers maka Micro na nanoprocessing. Mgbe wepụ n'elu oyi akwa, ma ọ bụrụ na usu oge bụ mkpumkpu karịa 35 Ọma, ọ dịghị spraying ihe onwunwe. Nke a na-egbochi guzobe dimples na ndị ọzọ na-adịghị mma arịa. The pulses na femtosecond ọchịchị na-emepụta adịghị n'ahịrị mmetụta ndị na-adịghị chebaara wavelength na gburugburu ebe bụghị kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ, na-ekwe na-arụ ọrụ na-enweghị ọkpụrụkpụ mmebi ma ọ bụ idem emem nke gbara ya gburugburu ebe. Ọzọkwa, oghere nwere ike a ga-ebipụ na a elu omimi ka obosara - ka ihe atụ, ngwa ngwa (n'ime ole na ole milliseconds) Obere oghere nke 1 mm eji a anaghị agba nchara 800-fs pulses na a ugboro ole nke 1 MHz.

Ọ dịkwa ike na-emepụta elu-mesoo uzo ihe, e.g., ndị mmadụ anya. Iji ebipụ a flaapu na anya microsurgery, femtosecond pulses vysokoaperturnym tightly na-elekwasị anya oghere na a mgbe n'okpuru elu nke anya enweghị na-eme ihe ọ bụla mebiri n'elu, ma anya site n'ibibi ihe onwunwe na a na-achịkwa omimi. The ezigbo n'elu cornea, nke dị oké mkpa maka ọhụụ na-anọgide na-emebibeghị. The flaapu bụ iche na ala, nwere ike wetara ka elu excimer laser akpụ oghere. Ọzọ ike ngwa na-agụnye ịwa ahụ na-emighị emi penetration na Dermatology, nakwa dị ka ojiji nke ụdị ụfọdụ nke ngwa anya coherence tomography.

femtosecond lasers

Femtosecond lasers na sayensị na-eji kpalie oké laser mmebi spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy na a temporal mkpebi, nakwa n'ihi n'ozuzu ihe nnyocha. Ke adianade do, ha na-mkpa n'ihi na mmepụta nke femtosecond ugboro mbo chọrọ metrology na izugbe ọmụmụ. Otu n'ime ezigbo ngwa na obere okwu ga-atọm clocks nke GPS Satellites nke ọgbọ ọhụrụ, nke ga-eme ka i ziri ezi.

Single ugboro eriri laser a rụrụ na a spektral linewidth nke na-erughị 1 kHz. Nke a nnukwu ngwaọrụ a obere radieshon mmepụta ike si 10 mW ka 1W. Achọta ngwa na ubi nke nkwukọrịta, metrology (e.g., na eriri gyroscopes) na spectroscopy.

Gịnị bụ ọzọ?

Dị ka ndị ọzọ na-eme nnyocha ngwa, ọ bụ ka a ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-amụ. Dị ka ihe atụ, ndị agha, engineering, nke nwere ike n'ọrụ na ndị ọzọ ebe, nke ndị mejupụtara na ijikọta a eriri-laser ibé iji nweta a elu doo iji coherent ma ọ bụ spektral Nchikota. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ihe ike a na-enweta na a otu-mode ákwà.

Production nke eriri lasers na-eto eto n'ike n'ike, karịsịa maka akpakanamde ụlọ ọrụ mkpa. Ọzọkwa, e nwere a nnọchi nke na-abụghị fibrous eriri ngwaọrụ. Ke adianade general oganihu na-eri na arụmọrụ, e nwere ndị ọzọ bara uru femtosecond lasers na supercontinuum isi mmalite. Eriri lasers ogide ọzọ niches ma na-a isi iyi nke mma maka ndị ọzọ ụdị lasers.