Lake Athabasca: nkọwa nke ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi, gburugburu nsogbu

Lake Athabasca emi odude na ókèala nke abụọ Canadian anāchi achi: n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Alberta na n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Saskatchewan, na nsọtụ nke Precambrian Shield. Na otu nnukwu ebe (7935 sq. Km) na ogologo nke oké osimiri na 2140 km, ọ bụ nke asatọ kasị ibu Canada.

General ọmụma banyere Lake

Lake bụ nke abụọ anāchi achi na bụ kasị na Saskatchewan, Alberta (Canada), nke na-esetịpụ banyere 70% nke ebe mmiri n'elu. Ọ na-emi odude ke otu elu nke 213 m n'elu oké osimiri larịị, nkezi omimi bụ 20 m, kacha -. 124 m ogologo ọdọ mmiri agbatị na 283 km, karịa n'obosara bụ 50 km. Zụọ Lake Athabasca na Peace River. Mmiri aga na Slave River na Mackenzie na Arctic Ocean.

The si malite Lake Athabasca efere na a kọwara dị ka ice-tectonic. Ọ we bilie dị ka a n'ihi nke nhazi nke tectonic Ikuku na ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ glasia. Tinyere ndị ọzọ bụ isi ọdọ mmiri nke Canada (Large Nevolnicheskoe na Bear), Athabasca bụ ndị fọdụrụ nke a buru ibu ice ọdọ mmiri McConnell.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọdọ

Lake Athabasca aha na-abịa site okwu athapiscow nke Cree asụsụ (agbụrụ na North America). Nke a na okwu ha na-ẹkedọhọde na-emeghe mmiri ebe (swamps, ọdọ mmiri, wdg), na nke mmiri na-eto willow, ahịhịa na ahịhịa amị. Ọnụ na ndị ọzọ na agbụrụ dị iche iche, dị ka Beaver na Chipeyan, Cree bụ nke mbụ mmadụ bi n'ala a ruo ihe karịrị 2000 afọ gara aga.

Mbụ a aha etinyere naanị na ikwu na Athabasca River Delta n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ-akuku nke ọdọ mmiri a. Na 1791, cartographer ụlọ ọrụ "Hudson Bay" Philip Ternor na otu nke ya magazin dere a na-akpọ "Atapison". N'ihu ya, Peter Fiedler na 1790 họpụtara ya dị ka "Great Arabuska". Site 1801, e nwere ihe ma ọ bụ na-erughị nkịtị mkpoputa na bụ nke dịkarịrị nso na oge a na - Lake Athabascan. Ọ bụ naanị na 1820-m Dzhordzh simpson akpọ osimiri ahụ na ọdọ "Athabasca".

Waters maka ha bụ a isi maka aji ahia. Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị ochie na European mmezi n'ikpere mmiri (na ókèala nke Alberta) - bụ Fort Chipewyan, tọrọ ntọala na 1788 site Peter Ọdọ mmiri ke kpuchie nke North West Company. Mmezi aha ya bụ na nsọpụrụ nke ndị bi n'ógbè ebe ndị obodo Chipeyan.

The ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi nke ọdọ

Ọdọ bụ akụkụ nke Peace-Athabasca Delta - biologically iche iche Wetland o tinyere n'oru, emi odude n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke ya. Delta bụ ihe dị mkpa item Mbugharị na nesting ebe dị otú ahụ na ụdị nnụnụ dị ka tundra ọbọgwụ mmiri, sandhill kreenu, nakwa dị ka ọtụtụ ọbọgwụ na geese. Ke adianade do, banyere 80% nke ókèala bụ nke National Park Wood Buffalo (UNESCO World Heritage Site), nke bụ ebe obibi kasị ìgwè anụ Bison.

Ebe ọ bụ na 1926, ọ haziri azu na Lake Athabasca. The catch mejupụtara tumadi nke ọdọ trout, walleye na n'ebe ugwu Pike. E wezụga ha, e nwere ụdị ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka grayling, perch, burbot, arctic Ịsaka. Na 1961, na-enyemaka nke a nnukwu gillnet oku azu jisiri ike ijide a trout si a ndekọ elu ibu - 46,3 n'arọ.

nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi

Lake Athabasca bụ ọgaranya ego nke eke ego. Ndị mmadụ adịghị chefuo na. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ọbụna na nke iri na itoolu na narị afọ na ebe ndị a malitere ifịk Ngwuputa nke uranium na gold. Obatara na ọdọ ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ na ndị ezinụlọ ha, dabere na ya n'ikperé mmiri obodo uranium City. The ikpeazụ m na-emechi na 1980, mmetụta nke Ngwuputa arụmọrụ bụ emetọwo ugwu n'ikpere mmiri nke ọdọ mmiri. Ọnọdụ e aggravated ọtụtụ nnukwu mmanụ ubi na gburugburu. Gold mines na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ọdọ n'oge a.

Na October 2013 otu n'ime osụhọ egwupụta coal na karịrị 600 ijeri lita apịtị daba Osisi na Aletovun-Creeks. Anwụrụ mmetọ na osimiri ma sonyere Athabasca, n'isi downstream. N'ime otu ọnwa, o ruru ọdọ, na kwafuru ihe karịrị 500 km.

Ebe ebe Lake Athabasca, dị nnọọ nso mmanụ omume. Nke a bụ eziokwu bụ na ugbu a na-echegbu onwe nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi kasị. Up ruo mgbe 1997, mmetụta nke Ngwuputa na aquatic ilekota na-adịghị ekwu, na nlekota irè nke ugbu a na-ewepụta a nnukwu ajụjụ, n'ihi na ọ na-ego site mmanụ ụlọ ọrụ.

N'agbanyeghị ụfọdụ nsogbu na data collection, ọhụrụ ebe obibi ọmụmụ gosiri a njikọ n'etiti ụba mmetọ nke ọdọ na mmanụ omume. Gosiri na-abawanye na ego nke polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons na nso ubi ọdọ ecosystems. Nke a na-ewelite nchegbu, ka àkù nke a ogologo oge-anọgide na gburugburu ebe obibi na-adịghị na-amalite irekasị.

ájá dunes

Ọzọ pụrụ iche mma nke ọdọ mmiri na-akpụ akpụ ájá dunes, nke dị nso n'ebe ndịda ókè-ala. Na 1992, a dị ịtụnanya eke ilekota e n'okpuru nchebe nke obodo. Hazie Park Athabasca ájá dunes. Ọ na-emi odude ke Province nke Saskatchewan (Canada). The park erukwa 100 km tinyere n'ebe ndịda onu nke ọdọ. Aja dunes nwere ogologo nke 400 1500 m na a elu nke banyere 30 m. Iji nweta ebe a na na mmiri n'elu nke ọdọ.