Macrolides. Nhazi ọkwa (ọkara sịntetik, eke na azalides)

Macrocyclic lactone mgbanaka - bụ ihe ndabere nke chemical Ọdịdị nke ìgwè nke ọgwụ nje macrolides. The nhazi ọkwa-agụnye nkewa na 14, 15 na 16-membered. Ndị a ọgwụ nje na-atụle ga-dịghị ihe ọzọ na-egbu egbu.

Macrolides. Nhazi ọkwa site ụdị si

Natural macrolides:

Macrolide "Erythromycin" - a bụ nke mbụ bacteriostatic ọgwụ nje, nke bụ mmalite nke a nnukwu ìgwè. Ọ natara na 1952 site Streptomyces erythreus - ala actinomycetes. N'ihi macrolide "Erythromycin" nwere ihe onwunwe nke reversibly nkịtị ka ribosomal 50s-subunit, ọ mebiri guzobere peptide nkekọ dị n'etiti amino acid ụmụ irighiri nke ọdịdị na-eme igbochi protein njikọ nke dị iche iche na microorganisms. N'ihi ya ọgwụ nje "Erythromycin" adịghị emetụta njikọ (compound) nucleic asịd. Na elu doses, na nkwanye ùgwù nke ụdị ụfọdụ nke bacteria nwere a bactericidal mmetụta.

Macrolide "Spiramycin" - bụ ọgwụ nje na-ewepụtara Streptomyces ambofaciens actinomycetes, o - mbụ nke otu ìgwè ndị 16-membered macrolides. Lactone mgbanaka - bụ bughi ndabere nke nkwadebe "Spiramycin". Ọ mejupụtara 16 carbon atọm (C) nke na-mmasị atọ carbohydrate fọduru: mycarose, mycaminose na forosamine. Preparations enwe na ya mejupụtara spiramycin ifịk umi-ekesa na Canada, Latin America na Europe.

Macrolide "Josamycin" - ọgwụ nje, a nnọchiteanya ìgwè nke 16-membered macrolides. Mepụtara Streptomyces narbonensis. Ọ nwere mmetụta nke bactericidal agwa. Ọ na-egbochi protein njikọ nke ogige, na-egbochi kpochidoro RNA (iga) na jikọọ na 50s-ribosomal subunit akpụkpọ ahụ, si otú igbochi mgbanwe nke peptides si center A. kwere na ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa na ime.

Ọkara sịntetik macrolides:

Macrolide "Roxithromycin" - a bụ nke mbụ ọkara sịntetik 14-membered atibiotik. Ọ ewepụtara macrolide "Erythromycin". Akụkụ nke Ọdịdị na-enye ya a elu iguzogide asịd, microbiological na mma pharmacokinetic kwa.

Macrolide "Clarithromycin" - a 14-membered ọgwụ nje, macrolide emepụta "Erythromycin". Ọ mma iguzogide asịd na mma pharmacokinetic na antibacterial Njirimara.

Natural-ọgwụ nje macrolides bụ ukwuu n'ọrụ megide gram-mma, ụfọdụ gram-adịghị mma na intracellular microorganisms. A oge a macrolides dị ka ọkara sịntetik, karị megide pseudomonas, Enterobacteriaceae, anaerobic microflora na influenza nje na-akpata.

Ndien ke akpatre, na azalides - ọhụrụ ọgbọ macrolides:

Ọgwụ nje "Azithromycin" na-ezo aka a subclass azalides na-ubé dị iche iche na Ọdịdị si ot macrolides. Ring na macrolide "Azithromycin" ọ dịghị lactone, ma 15-membered. Kislotoustoychivot ọ enwekwu ruo 300 ugboro tụnyere ogwu mgbochi, "Erythromycin".

Macrolides. Nhazi ọkwa nke ọgbọ:

1st - ọgwụ ọjọọ "oleandomycin" "Erythromycin";
2nd - macrolides "Roxithromycin", "Spiramycin", "Josamycin", "midecamycin", "Clarithromycin";
3rd - macrolide "Azithromycin".

Egosi macrolide ìgwè nke ọgwụ nje. Nhazi ọkwa nke Diseases

Ndị na-emetụta akụkụ okuku ume na usoro: nnukwu Sinusitis, streptococcal tonzillofaringit, obodo-enwetara oyi baa, exacerbation nke bronchitis, whooping ụkwara, diphtheria.

Skin na adụ anụ ahụ: syphilis, chlamydia, lymphogranuloma venereum, chancroid, otutu.

Oral oghere: periodontitis na periostitis.

Digestive usoro: Campylobacter gastroenteritis, a na afo ọnyá afọ.

Ọzọkwa macrolides eji maka mgbochi nke ndị na-esonụ ọrịa: pertussis, meningitis, rheumatic fever, endocarditis.