Mejupụtara na Properties of Oil Oil

Oil - na a mmanu mmanu flammable mmiri mmiri, nke a na-efekarị sedimentary shei ebe nke jikọrọ ọnụ. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa mineral maka ụmụ mmadụ. Mmanụ bụ a ukwuu mgbagwoju ngwakọta cyclanes, alkanes na arenes. Ọzọkwa, ọ nwere oxygen, sọlfọ na nitrogen ogige. The mmanụ mejupụtara a hụrụ ihe karịrị otu puku kpọmkwem organic bekee, nke Akwukwo nso banyere iri itoolu percent nke carbon, hydrogen iri na ise percent, ise percent sọlfọ, nitrogen na otu percent atọ percent oxygen. mmanụ na-agụnye ogige ma obere admixture nke ịnweta okike. The ash ọdịnaya nke mmanụ dị ala, ọ adịghị gafere otu ụzọ n'ụzọ iri nke a percent. Mmanụ bụ nke atọ di iche iche:

1. Easy.

2. Nkezi.

3. Arọ.

Oil asakde n'oge okpomọkụ banyere 43,7-46,2 MJ / n'arọ, nke bụ oké uru ndị ọzọ combustibles.

The mejupụtara nke mmanụ nwere ike tinye na ìhè fractions na obụpde na abụọ na narị abụọ degrees Celsius. Ha na-agụnye tumadi nke methane hydrocarbons, ie alkanes. Ọdịnaya nke ìhè fractions nke mmanụ ala na ngwaahịa na na-na-emepụta dị iche iche ebe, nwere ike iche na. Cycloalkanes, na aromatic hydrocarbons dị ka, ya bụ, arena na mejupụtara nke mmanụ dị oké mkpa.

Ndị kasị nwee nsí mmiri esịne ke mejupụtara nke mmanụ na mmanụ ala na ngwaahịa na-n'ụzọ ziri ezi na-atụle aromatic hydrocarbons (arenes). Ha na-akpọ ala ala toxicants. The kasị ike nke ndị a ngwa ngwa na-agụnye benzene, toluene na xylene, dị ka ha na-ala mmiri ịgbọ agbọ bekee. A ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke iche iche arenes atụle ize ndụ mutagens na carcinogens. The kasị dị ize ndụ otu ogbo - a ìgwè nke polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

The chemical mejupụtara nke mmanụ ọma na-agụnye a nnukwu nkezi nke methane siri ike hydrocarbons - na-akpọ waxes. Ha ọdịnaya nime ya nwere ike gafere iri na ise percent.

Dị ka ọdịnaya nke paraffinic mmanụ na ngwaahịa na-ekewa n'ime ọtụtụ iche iche:

1. Oil maloparafinovogo mejupụtara. Ha na-ọ dịghị ihe karịrị ọkara percent nke paraffins na mejupụtara.

2. Oil sredneparafinovogo mejupụtara. Nke a mmanụ nwere isii percent nke wax.

3. Vysokoparafinovaya mmanụ. Ebe a wax nwere karịa 6 percent.

The mmanụ nwere bekee ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka chrysene, phenanthrene, benzpyrene, pyrene, tetrafeny. Ọ na-nwere ndị na-abụghị hydrocarbon mmiri - resins na asphaltenes, nke na-egwu ọrụ dị mkpa ọrụ nke a ịnweta.

Site na gburugburu ebe obibi na-ekwu mkpa mmanụ mmiri bụ sọlfọ ogige. Na ọdịnaya nke ndị a na ngwaahịa, mmanụ na-ekewa atọ dị iche iche:

1. ụtọ crude. O nwere ruo ọkara a percent nke sọlfọ ahụ.

2. The sulphurous mmanụ. N'ebe a, sọlfọ ọdịnaya adịghị gafere abụọ percent.

3. The elu-sọlfọ mmanụ. Nke a niile mmanụ ngwaahịa nwere karịrị abụọ percent nke sọlfọ ahụ.

mmanụ Njirimara, nke bụ isi definition nke elu nke ya àgwà, na-agụnye:

1. njupụta. Na-akwanyere ndị mmanụ na-ebukari n'uche ya njupụta na-akwanyere distilled mmiri. The njupụta nke mmanụ a na-àmà site 0,8 ka 0,9 g / cm3, ma e nwekwara ụdị mmanụ, na njupụta nke nwere ike iru 0.98 g / cm3.

2. viscosity. Igbunye adabere na ya, kinematic na ike viscosity.

3. molekụla arọ. Ọ bụ ihe kasị mkpa egosi àgwà nke mmanụ ala na ngwaahịa. Molekụla arọ nke kasị nke mmanụ bụ ihe na-erughị 300 g / mol.

4. The Refractive index. Nke a bụ a dị nnọọ mkpa egosi mmanụ na ngwaahịa, nke na-mgbagwoju mixtures dị iche iche bekee.

5. fractional mejupụtara. All bekee nke, ọbụna obere esịne ke mmanụ, ndị dị oké mkpa n'ihi na ya mma.