Microsomal ọxịdashọn: a set nke Jeremaya mere

The ọrụ nke microsomal ọxịdashọn na ndụ nke organism siri ike overestimate ma ọ bụ na-atụ uche. Inactivation nke xenobiotic (nsi), ida na guzobe adrenal homonụ aka na metabolism nke na-edozi na ichebe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ọmụma - bụ naanị a obere akụkụ nke mara nsogbu na-edozi ekele microsomal ọxịdashọn. Ọ bụ ihe na kwurula usoro ke idem, nke na-agba ọsọ mgbe a kụrụ a akpalite na umi na-agwụcha na ya elliminatsiey.

definition

Microsomal ọxịdashọn - a cascade nke Jeremaya mere gụnyere ke akpa akakabarede adọ nke xenobiotics. Ihe kachasi mkpa n'ime usoro idu ke hydroxylation nke bekee na oxygen atọm na ụdị mmiri. N'ihi na mgbanwe na Ọdịdị nke mbụ ihe onwunwe, na ya Njirimara nwere ike ma na-ewute ya ma ọ bụ adịkwu.

Microsomal ọxịdashọn na-ewe gị na conjugation mmeghachi omume. Nke abụọ a na-adọ mgbanwe nke xenobiotics, njedebe nke nke otu dị na ọtọ otu bụ mmasị ụmụ irighiri na-emepụta n'ime ahu. Mgbe ụfọdụ guzobere n'etiti bekee na-eme ka imeju cell mmebi, necrosis na anụ ahụ mbelata nke oncology.

Ọxịdashọn oxidase ụdị

Microsomal ọxịdashọn Jeremaya mere ime na mpụga nke mitochondria na Ya mere ripia dị iri percent nke ngụkọta oxygen abanye ahu. Key enzymes na usoro a - oxidase. Na ha mebere atumatu, na metal atọm bụ ugbu na agbanwe valence, dị ka ígwè, molybdenum, ọla kọpa, wdg, ya mere ha na-enwe na-anabata electrons. Na cell oxidase dị na kpọmkwem vesicles (peroxisomes) emi odude na elu mitochondrial membranes na EPR (ike ike endoplasmic reticulum). Mkpụrụ-ada na peroxisome tụfuru hydrogen ụmụ irighiri ihe, nke na-mmasị ka a molekul nke mmiri na-etolite peroxide.

E nwere nanị ise oxidases:

- monoaminooksigenaza (Mao) - enyere aka oxidize adrenaline na ndị ọzọ na biogenic amines emepụta site na adrenal glands;

- diaminooksigenaza (DAO) - abuana ke ọxịdashọn nke histamine (onye ogbugbo nke mbufụt na allergies), polyamines na diamines;

- L-amino acid oxidase (ie, levorotatory ụmụ irighiri);

- D-amino acid oxidase (dextrorotatory ụmụ irighiri);

- xanthine - oxidize ebe adenin na Gwanine (nitrogen bases esịne ke DNA molekul).

The uru nke oxidase ụdị microsomal ọxịdashọn mejupụtara na mkpochapu xenobiotics na inactivate biologically ifịk bekee. Education peroxide nwere a bactericidal edinam na n'ibu ọcha nke kpatara bụ n'akụkụ mmetụta nke enyene ihe dị mkpa n'ebe ndị ọzọ mmetụta.

Ọxịdashọn oxygenase ụdị

Oxygenase ụdị mmeghachi omume na cell na-ewere ọnọdụ na ike ike endoplasmic reticulum na mitochondria membranes vneschnih. Nke a na-achọ kpọmkwem enzymes - oxygenase na ịkpọlite ndị oxygen molekul si mkpụrụ, na-ewebata ya n'ime oxidizable umi. Ọ bụrụ na-emejuputa atumatu otu oxygen atọm, na monooxygenase enzyme a na-akpọ ma ọ bụ hydroxylase. Na ikpe nke na-ewebata abụọ atọm (i.e., ihe dum molekul nke oxygen), na enzyme a na-akpọ diaksigenaza.

Oxygenase ụdị ọxịdashọn mmeghachi omume na-agụnye a ternary multienzyme mgbagwoju na atụ ke nyefe nke electrons na protons si mkpụrụ sochiri ebighị nke oxygen. Nke a dum usoro emee na òkè nke cytochrome P450, nke ka ga na-kọwara na ihe zuru ezu.

Ihe Nlereanya oxygenase ụdị Jeremaya mere

Dị ka e kwuru n'elu, monooxygenase maka ọxịdashọn were naanị otu oxygen atọm nke abụọ dị. Nke abụọ, ha na-mmasị abụọ ụmụ irighiri nke hydrogen na-etolite mmiri. Otu ihe atụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ a na mmeghachi omume bụ guzobe collagen. oxygen na-enye onyinye a ikpe-eme dị ka vitamin C. Prolingidroksilaza anapụ ya nke oxygen molekul na na-enye ya proline, nke n'aka nke bụ akụkụ nke procollagen molekul. Usoro a na-enye ike na ekwedo nke connective anụ ahụ. Mgbe e nwere a erughi nke vitamin C, na-emepe emepe gout. Ọ na-egosipụta na adịghị ike nke connective anụ ahụ, na-agba ọbara, ichihịa, ọnwụ nke ezé, ya bụ, àgwà nke collagen ke idem bụ n'okpuru.

Ihe atụ ọzọ bụ hydroxylase na tọghata cholesterol molekul. Nke a bụ otu n'ime nkebi nke guzobere steroid homonụ, tinyere nwoke.

abụghị kpọmkwem hydroxylase

Nke a hydrolase mkpa maka ọxịdashọn nke mba ọzọ bekee, dị ka xenobiotics. The ihe Jeremaya mere bụ ime ka ndị dị otú ahụ ihe onwunwe ọzọ amenable ka mwepụ, ihe soluble. Nke a usoro a na-akpọ detoxification, na ya emee ukwuu n'ime ke imeju.

Site na iji dum molekul nke oxygen na-emepụta ke ọdịiche xenobiotics okirikiri Jeremaya mere na decomposition nke mgbagwoju umi n'ime ọtụtụ mfe na maka metabolic n'ibu.

Mere oxygen umu

Oxygen bụ a nwere ize ndụ umi, ebe, ke akpanikọ, ọxịdashọn - a combustion usoro. N'ụdị O ₂ irighiri ma ọ bụ mmiri bụ mụ na na ya inert, n'ihi na ike ya dị larịị na-ejupụta na ọhụrụ electrons ike isonyere. Otú ọ dị, ogige nke oxygen na-bụghị mgbe niile e nwere a ụzọ electrons nwere nnukwu reactivity. Ya mere, ha na-akpọ nọ n'ọrụ.

Dị otú ahụ oxygen ogige:

1. Na monooksidnyh Jeremaya mere emepụta superoxide nke a na-kewapụrụ n'ebe ndị cytochrome P450.
2. The oxidase Jeremaya mere bụ guzobere peroxide anion (hydrogen peroxide).
3. N'oge re-oxygenation nke anụ ahụ, nke wara ischemia.

Ike kacha ike oxidizer bụ a hydroxyl buu, ọ dị a free ụdị dị nnọọ a nde nke a nke abụọ, ma n'oge ahụ nwere oge na-aga site a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọxịdashọn Jeremaya mere. Ya mma bụ na hydroxyl buu na-emetụta ndị umi naanị n'ebe na nke a kpụrụ, dị ka ọ na-apụghị iru na ákwà.

Superoxide anion na hydrogen peroxide

Ndị bekee na-arụsi ọrụ bụghị nanị na ebe agụmakwụkwọ, ma na ụfọdụ anya site na ha, dị ka ha nwere ike iru site na cell akpụkpọ ahụ.

Hydroxyl otu akpata ọxịdashọn nke amino acid residues: histidine, cysteine na tryptophan. Nke a na-eduga ná inactivation nke enzyme usoro, nakwa dị ka emeghasịkwa nke iga na-edozi. Ke adianade do, microsomal ọxịdashọn nke amino asịd na-eduga ná mbibi nke ndị na Ọdịdị nke nucleic nitrogenous isi na, mmọdo, na-ata ahụhụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ngwa nke cell. Na oxidized ọdụdụ asịd na-eme ka cell membranes bilipidnogo oyi akwa. Nke a na-emetụta ha permeability, ọrụ electrolyte akpụkpọ ahụ mgbapụta na ọnọdụ nke ihe nnabata.

Inhibitors nke microsomal ọxịdashọn - na antioxidants. Ha na-hụrụ na ihe oriri na-emepụta n'ime ahu. The kasị mma-mara antioxidant bụ vitamin E. Ndị bekee nwere ike inhibit microsomal ọxịdashọn. N'ihi mmiri ọgwụ na-akọwa mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ha na ndabere nke nzaghachi. Nke ahụ bụ, ihe oxidases, ihe ha na-ewute ya, na Anglịkan. Nke a na-enyere aka ịnọgide na-enwe nguzozi n'agbata usoro na mgbe niile nke esịtidem gburugburu ebe obibi.

electric iga yinye

Microsomal ọxịdashọn usoro bụghị soluble na cytoplasm nke mmiri nke mere na ya nile enzymes na-anakọtara na n'elu endoplasmic reticulum. Nke a na usoro-agụnye ọtụtụ ndi na-edozi, nke na-etolite electrotransport circuit:

- NADPH-P450 reductase na cytochrome P450;

- karịrị-tsitohromV5 reductase na cytochrome B5;

- steatorrhea-CoA desaturase.

The elektrọn na-enye onyinye na ọtụtụ nke ikpe metụtara NADP (nicotinamide ebe adenin dinucleotide phosphate). Ọ oxidizes NADPH-P450 reductase, nke ihe mejupụtara abụọ coenzyme (fad na FMN), maka ewere electrons. Ná ngwụsị nke yinye FMN oxidized iji P450.

cytochrome P450

Nke a enzyme nke microsomal ọxịdashọn nke heme-nwere protein. Ọ na-ejikọ oxygen na a mkpụrụ (na-emekarị a xenobiotic). Ya aha a na-ejikọta ya na absorption nke ìhè na a wavelength nke 450 nm. Ọkà chọpụtara na ọ na ihe niile dị ndụ ntule. N'oge, kọwara ihe karịrị iri na otu puku na-edozi nke na cytochrome P450 usoro. Na bacteria, umi na-etisasịwo na cytoplasm, ọ na-ahụ kweere na nke a ụdị bụ ndị kasị evolutionarily oge ochie karịa nke ụmụ mmadụ. Anyị cytochrome P450 - a mural protein ofu na cytoplasmic akpụkpọ ahụ.

The enzymes nke otu a na-aka na metabolism nke Steroid na bile ọdụdụ asịd, phenols, iche ọgwụ ọjọọ, nsị ma ọ bụ ọgwụ.

Njirimara nke microsomal ọxịdashọn

Filiks nke microsomal ọxịdashọn nwere a sara mbara mkpụrụ specificity, na nke a, n'aka nke ya, na-enye ohere ịchọpụta a dịgasị iche iche nke bekee. Eleven puku edozi cytochrome P450 nwere ike apịaji na ihe karịrị otu narị na iri ise isoforms nke enzyme. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke substrates. Nke a na-enyere ndị ahụ tufuo nke fọrọ nke nta niile nke na-emerụ bekee nke na-guzobere n'ime ma ọ bụ na-ada n'èzí. Ịmịpụta na imeju microsomal ọxịdashọn enzymes pụrụ ime ihe ma n'ógbè ha ma na a bukwanu anya si ahu.

Ụkpụrụ nke ọrụ nke microsomal ọxịdashọn

Microsomal ọxịdashọn na imeju na-usoro na mRNA larịị, kama na ya ọrụ - transcription. All variants nke cytochrome P450 ka ihe atụ, e dere na DNA molekul, na ya pụtara na ESR mkpa iji "ideghari" ozi si DNA ka ozi RNA. Mgbe ahụ mRNA na-eduzi na ribosome ebe protein ụmụ irighiri na-guzobere. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị a na ụmụ irighiri ihe na-usoro si n'èzí na-adabere na ego nke bekee nke a ga-agbanyụọla, na nnweta oké mkpa amino asịd.

Ugbu a, ihe karịrị narị mmadụ abụọ na iri ise na kọwara chemical ogige rụọ ọrụ ahụ microsomal ọxịdashọn. Ndị a gụnyere barbiturates, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones na homonụ. N'agbanyeghị nke a ka o di iche iche, a niile bekee lipophilic (soluble na abụba), ya mere susceptible ka cytochrome P450.