"Mudyug" (icebreaker). Dizel-electric icebreaker "Mudyug"

Russian ala gbara osimiri okirikiri akara tinyere Arctic Ocean bụ nnọọ ukwuu nke na ndị obodo kwesịrị a nsoro nke icebreakers. Ma icebreakers na-arụ ọrụ bụghị nanị na North. Ha jide ikpe nile n'afọ, na oyi osimiri na oké osimiri.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian icebreaker nsoro

On ugwu osimiri nke Russia ka ogologo-eji ice-agbasa ụgbọ mmiri. The mbụ ụgbọ mmiri icebreaker e wuru na Kronstadt na 1864, na-ama na ọgwụgwụ nke XIX na narị afọ e eze kere icebreaker nsoro. Onye ama ama icebreaker "Ermak", echiche nke nke diri Vice-Admiral S. O. Makarovu na ama ọkà mmụta sayensị D. I. Mendeleevu, e tọrọ ntọala na English na-ano na 1897.

Ministry nke Navy nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu na 1913, a mara ọkwa a obi maka owuwu nke iri na abụọ linear na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri icebreakers. The ụwa mbụ akara icebreaker "Svyatogor" e wuru na 1917 site na "Sir Armstrong na K Celsius" oru ngo S. O. Makarova. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ e renamed na malitere ibu aha "Krasin".

The mbụ Soviet icebreakers e wuru na anụ ụlọ shipyards na 1938-1941 afọ. Ice Fleet nke Soviet Union gụnyere anụ ụlọ n'ụlọikpe, na British, German, Danish, Finnish na Canadian ewu.

The Soviet icebreaker nsoro replenished na ụwa mbụ nuclear-kwadoro icebreaker "Lenin" na 1959, e wuru na Admiralty ano.

Dizel icebreakers maka Soviet Navy wuru na shipyards na Finland. Ọ dị ike na ụgbọ mmiri pịnye "Moscow" na icebreakers pịnye "Captain Sorokin" ikike 16.2 MW mere maka navigating na ọnụ ọnụ nke Arctic osimiri na ebe na-emighị emi ogbu na okpomọkụ nke -50 ° C, na icebreakers nke ụdị "Mudyug". Site na njedebe nke Soviet akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụlọ icebreaking nsoro gụnyere 36 arịa.

Mudyug agwaetiti

Na White Sea nso ọnụ nke Northern Dvina River bụ agwaetiti nke oké eke mara mma na-adọta ndị njem nleta, na ịma mma, dị ọcha ikuku na oké osimiri, na egwu ihe mere eme. Mudyug ka Arkhangelsk nwere a ụzọ dị mkpa, bụ otu ihe ahụ dị ka ndị Kronstadt na St. Petersburg.

N'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ na na mmalite nke Civil War enwere a n'ogige ịta ahụhụ kere ndị mwakpo-nke-agha, bụ onye mechara ghọọ dọọrọ n'agha mara ikpe n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. Nọ n'ogige ahụ, na mgbe ahụ ka mkpọrọ ndị obi ọjọọ ọnọdụ, ebe ole na ole ọbọhọ, otú Mudyug akpọ "agwaetiti nke ọnwụ."

Ugbu a na àgwàetiti ahụ bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme na Nature Reserve, nke na-agụnye foduru nke n'ogige na n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, na-eduga bikon ísìsì na 1875 na ísìsì wuru na 1938.

Ncheta tara nke aka e guzobere na ebe nchekwa nke ndị gburu n'àgwàetiti na 1928, mbụ na nkume na simenti, na na 1958 ọ nọ na-anọchi konkiri.
The aha nke agwaetiti a na-akpọ ụgbọ mmiri. "Mudyug" - a dizel-electric icebreaker ike nke 7 MW, wuru na 1982.

Icebreaker "Mudyug"

Translation of a aha na Finno-Ugric - "meandering osimiri". The aha, n'ozuzu, agbanwe agbanwe na nke ugbu a ime ihe nke inyeaka icebreaker.

Ọ e wuru na 1982 na ama Finnish ano "Wärtsilä" (Finnish icebreakers agbaji ice n'oge icebreaking nsoro nke ụwa), nakwa dị ka abụọ ndị ọzọ icebreakers - "Dixon" na "Magadan" - ya. Ọ malitere ọrụ ya dị ka a "Mudyug" na-arụ ọrụ na Murmansk Mbupu Company, mgbe ahụ, e zigara ya Arkhangelsk. Na 1987, "Mudyug" e remade site Switzerland oru ngo. The n'ihu ọkara nke icebreaker kpamkpam wughachi, na ugbu a imi ya yiri a ibu overshoe nha. ship tank ghọrọ nnọọ saa mbara, ma njọ kraiptographi na a ọhụrụ imi, nke e izizi maka mkpa ice ọdọ mmiri Switzerland, emebilighi oké ice nke Arctic. Na inyeaka icebreaker e bufere St. Petersburg na North-West alaka nke Rosmorport.

Ugbu a, ọ egbupu-eto eto na ice na fairway na ndị Neva Bay, na warara nke mmiri dị ọcha mgbe ọ maka pilotage dị obosara, ewepụghị.

atụmatụ icebreaker

Nwe inyeaka icebreaker "Mudyug" bụ North-West Basin Alaka nke FSUE "Rosmorport", ekewet ya n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke St. Petersburg. "Rosmorport" ikpe hụ mma navigation na mmiri nke Russian ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na Baltic Oké Osimiri na na-eru nso ya.

Icebreaker na ike nke 7.3 MW strok amalite ọsọ na-emeghe mmiri nke 16.5 mara akpụ. Ogologo ya bụ 111,6 mita, obosara - 22,2 mita, draft - 6.8 mita, elu - 38 mita. Total Ndahie icebreaker - 8,154 puku tọn, ice-kpuchie - 115 sentimita.

Ice passability - ike nke icebreaker ịkwaga na zuru engine ike na ihe siri ike ice, ọ na-egosi na ice nke arịa na tụọ kacha ọkpụrụkpụ nke ice, nke na arịa nwere ike nọgidere na-akpali na a kacha nta na-agba.

Dị ka "Rosmorport" icebreaker "Mudyug" iri abụọ na ise ụbọchị nwere ike ịbụ na kwurula igodo, na ya ebe igwu na Baltic Oké Osimiri na ọ bụghị nanị.

oru icebreaker

Inyeaka icebreaker "Mudyug" mere maka onwe ha icebreaking nnukwu arịa, ie ebikwasị ọwa mmiri dị ọcha, ice-free. Ebe ọ bụ na ìgwè ndị njem ogologo na-adabere na mmiri dị ọcha ọwa ogologo icebreaker, "Mudyug" ìgwè ndị njem nwere ike na-ebu ọtụtụ arịa. Ọ nwekwara ike ikpu a onwe-propelled arịa na-ese n'elu mmiri owuwu bụghị naanị na ice, ma mmiri dị ọcha. The specificity nke "icebreaker", nke mee a ewepụghị ọwa, na-enye ohere ya ikpu na ụgbọ mmiri na a ogologo eriri.

Ya akụrụngwa na-enye ohere imenyụ ọkụ na niile osisi, ọ bụghị nanị na-ese n'elu mmiri akpọkwa, na ịrụ ọrụ iji nye aka na-enyere arịa ndị na-na-ata ahụhụ, na ice, na-emeghe mmiri.

Nnwale na modernization nke ice-emebi

Ná mmalite, ice-kpuchie-edozi site na ịba ụba nke ịdị arọ nke ụgbọ mmiri ahụ na ikike nke ya ike na osisi. Ma ya tụgharịa na a variant nke ice na-ebipụ na ụfọdụ n'akuku, bụghị gags, dị ka ọ bụ ndị ọzọ dị irè. Na nke a pụrụ iche nke ahu ihe n'ụdị na-enye ohere ị na-asọ ndị dị n'akụkụ ụgbọ mmiri bee ice n'okpuru ice n'usoro, na-ahapụ n'azụ icebreaker ọcha warara nke mmiri, kama iberibe ice, nke ọ bụghị ọ bụla ụgbọ mmiri nwere ike gafee.

West German ụlọ ọrụ "Thyssen-Waas 'kwuru na ihe ịga nke ọma na ahụmahụ nke modernization nke ice-emebi" Maks Valdek "na" Mudyug "wee rework. Elongated imi òkè na miri zoro n'okpuru ya dull akụkụ nke arịlịka hawse ọkpọkọ na anana wags akpọ icebreaker "galosh" ma ọ bụ "n'oghere imi".

Ebe ọ bụ na oké osimiri ọnwụnwa mere na okpomọkụ, ice na Franz Josef nke ebe Earth bụghị nnọọ oké, na ule enye eju afọ na-arụpụta. Ma oyi na ndị bara uru pilotage surfaced na mbụ na-abụghị ihe ntụpọ. Astern ice agbasa aga na niile nwere ike ọ bụghị, na na n'ihu ya nnukota onu na ice. Ke adianade do, glaciologists egosiwo na multi-afọ ice na hummocks ịcha-agaghị ekwe omume, dị ka megide a otu afọ, nke ebipụ ka "Mudyug" ule. Icebreaker emecha kpọfere Baltic Oké Osimiri.

ememme icebreakers

Ná mmalite May 2014 ẹkenịmde icebreakers ememme. Ọ ẹkenịmde ke St. Petersburg, ọ bụ onye mbụ n'ime ụwa na a raara nye ndị sesquicentennial nke icebreaker nsoro nke Russia. Petersburg were wɔfrɛ wɔn T icebreakers. Naanị ụbọchị mbụ nke ememme ahụ bịara leta ya karịa iri puku ndị mmadụ. Onye ama ama nke Arctic icebreaker "Krasin" na a ọgaranya na ndị dike akụkọ ihe mere eme; Port icebreaker «Ivan Kruzenshtern", aha ya bụ mgbe oké njem ochiagha Ọ BỤRỤ Kruzenshtern; otu n'ime isii icebreakers, aha ya bụ mgbe ama Soviet isi "Captain Zarubin"; Modern icebreakers na nnapụta ngwá maka ọkụ emenyụ na oké osimiri na-agha megide mmanụ ikwafu "Moscow" na "St. Petersburg" - dị otú ahụ a ebube ebe kwesiri a ọrụ "Mudyug" icebreaker maka pilotage na oyi oké osimiri nile.

Nke abụọ oge na-emere ememe na May 2015. Ọ raara nye ya seventieth Victory na-erigbu sonyere Polar convoys n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. Ọzọ, St. Petersburg kwadoro a Nme nke icebreakers. Ke adianade ikpeazụ afọ sonyere, icebreaker "Krasin", "Ivan Kruzenshtern", "Mudyug" na "Moscow", sonye ememme "Nevskaya Zastava" na "Captain Sorokin."

Future Russian icebreaker nsoro

Ugbu a mepụtara a ala omume eke ọhụrụ icebreaking nsoro nke Russia, ebe ọtụtụ ẹdude mmiri e dere anya.

Tinyere ga-wuru dizel-electric icebreakers: akara na-arụ ọrụ na Arctic, ike na akụ na nke - 25 MW; Line maka oyi na oké osimiri ike nke 16-18 MW; AIDS na ike nke 7 MW, dị ka icebreaker "Mudyug".

Class icebreaker Lk-25D ike, dochie icebreaker "Krasin" na "Admiral Makarov", na-enye ke ndaeyo igodo na nnyefe nke cargoes ụgbọ mmiri na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, nile n'afọ - na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Arctic mpaghara, na Yenisei.

Icebreakers ụdị Lk-18D, nke e bu n'uche iji dochie arịa "Captain Sorokin," nwere ike inye ọ bụghị nanị na njem ke n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Arctic na Far East, kamakwa ọhụrụ ekwe ebe ke Far East efere.
Icebreakers pịnye Lk-7D abịa bụghị nanị na-eji dochie inyeaka dizel-electric ụgbọ mmiri na ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka "Mudyug".

ọgbọ ọhụrụ icebreaker dị mkpa n'ihi na mmepe nke ọhụrụ ntụziaka nke okporo ụzọ na Far East na Arctic, na ịrụzi ọhụrụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na ọnụ.