Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Teffi

XX narị afọ juru mmadụ ndị na-ekpe a n'ezie indelible akara ke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmepe nke ọha mmadụ dị ka a dum. Great nchoputa nke sayensị na nkà na ụzụ ... Ikuku mobile Internet na-akparaghị ókè ọkpụkpọ maka mobile nkwurịta okwu - a kpọmkwem ná nnyocha dị otú. Ma mgbe chi ọbụbọ nke iri abụọ na narị afọ, na-emesi ike e debere bụghị nanị na nkà na ụzụ. Mkpa bụ omenala akụrụngwa nke ọha mmadụ. Ọ bụ ya mere ntoputa nke akwụkwọ, n'ezie, na-aga dị ka na mbụ, n'ezie, ghọrọ usoro ekele na nkà aha fọdụrụ ebe nchekwa nke ndị na-enwe mmasị na prose na abụ uri nke n'oge XX narị afọ.

Na otu n'ime ndị a ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu bụ Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Teffi, nee Lokhvitskaya, na di ya - Buchynska. Ọ mụrụ May 9 (na na ndị ọzọ data - 27 April) 1872 n'obodo St. Petersburg (ebe data bụkwa dị iche iche, dị ka e nwere okwu ndị na-na ọ pụtara n'ihu ndị na ìhè na Volyn ógbè). Future dere ya bụ na nwa nwaanyị nke a maara nke ọma n'oge a prọfesọ nke mpụ, na mgbakwunye na, na-nkwusa nke magazin "n'Ikpe Gazette" AV Lokhvitsky. Ọzọkwa Hope - a nwanne nnọọ maara nke ọma poetess Mirra (nee Mary) Lokhvitskaya (ọ bụ ya n'oge a na-akpọ "Russian Sappho").

Pseudonym "Taffy" e banyere nke mbụ na-atọ ọchị akụkọ, dị ka nke ọma dị ka play "Women nke", nke pụtara na 1907. Ma uri, nke azụ na 1901 na debuted Lokhvitskaya, o sina dị, na-ebipụta n'okpuru ya, nwa agbọghọ aha nke ugbu a.

Mmalite nke aha otutu "Taffy" bụ ka achọpụtaghị. Dị ka e kwuru site onwe-ya, ya na-aga dị nnọọ n'ụlọ utu aha ochie orù Lohvitsky - Stepan (ezinụlọ ya na-akpọ Steffy), kamakwa poems nke Rudyard Kipling, sounding dị ka «Taffy bụ a walesman / Taffy bụ onye ohi». Ma akụkọ na Mpaghara na pụtara n'ihi na nke a mbinye aka, ndị incredibly-ewu ewu na tupu revolutionary Russia, otú otu mgbe adị ọbụna isisi na candies akpọ "Taffy".

Taffy e biri ebi na "Satyricon" magazine na "New Satyricon" ebe mbụ ha nke, nke e bipụtara na April 1908, nri ruo ukpan nke akwụkwọ na August 1918, ka na-ede akwụkwọ nke mpịakọta abụọ collection of kemmeochi akụkọ, bipụtara na 1910, nke bụ mgbe ahụ sochiri ọtụtụ ihe collections ( "Carousel", "anwụrụ ọkụ na-enweghị ọkụ", nke pụtara na 1914, nakwa dị ka "na-adịghị ndụ ọhịa", dere na 1916), Taffy site nnọọ ná mmalite o nweela a aha dị ka a ezigbo mmadụ, witty, na nnọọ eleru dere. All kweere na ndị ọzọ so dee gosiri ọdịiche ọ bụ a nkọ nghọta nke adịghị ike mmadụ, na obiọma ya na-echeghị na ọmịiko ha mụrụ ná mmehie odide.

Taffy bụ a mmasị genre nke miniature, nke dabeere na nkọwa nke obere na-atọ ọchị idaha. Ya mpịakọta abụọ akwụkwọ, ọ malitere na epigraph nke "Ethics" B.Spinozy na n'ụzọ ziri nnọọ ezi na ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya nile na-ekpebi ya pitch: "N'ihi ọchị - na-enwe ọṅụ, ya mere na ọ bụ naanị - ngọzi."

Oputara a mkpirikpi revolutionary mmetụta, nke nwere na 1905 kpaliri amalite ede Taffy arụkọ ọrụ na Bolshevik akwụkwọ akụkọ "New Life", ọ dịghị kwesiri ngosi Chọpụta na-arụ ọrụ ya ahapụghị. Kpọbabeghị gbara ọkpụrụkpụ na ihe pụta nakwa mgbalị dee na-elekọta mmadụ satires on Nde nsogbu, nke akwụkwọ akụkọ "Russian okwu" na-atụ anya site Taffy. E nwere ya e bipụtara, ebe 1910. N'oge ahụ, isi nke akwụkwọ akụkọ "King kemmeochi nkenke akụkọ nkụzi" - V. Doroshevich onwe ya, N'ezie, n'agbanyeghị n'echiche talent Taffy ezi kwuru na "ihe ndị na-abaghị uru na Arabian ịnyịnya na-ebu mmiri."

Yana-ewu ewu dere satirikonovtsem Averchenko na njedebe nke 1918, Taffy ruo oge ụfọdụ na Kiev, ebe o bu n'obi kụziere ha ọha anya, mgbe ahụ, mgbe nke ahụ were otu afọ na ọkara nke na-awagharị awagharị na Ndida nke Russia (site Odessa, Novorossiysk na Ekaterinodar) ha ruru, n'ikpeazụ, site Constantinople onwe ya nri ruo Paris. N'akwụkwọ ya "Ikike icheta" (bipụtara na 1931), bụ nke a memoir na truest uche nke okwu, kama naanị ihe autobiographical akụkọ, Taffy ike n'ụzọ doro anya na kpamkpam mepụtaghachi dum ụzọ nke ha njem, na dere na ọ na-enwe olileanya maka a ngwa ngwa laghachi a mgbu ya nwaafo Moscow.

Ma na prose na ejije na Taffy mgbe ya njem ịrịba enwekwukwa ụfọdụ mwute, ọbụna ubé mwute motifs. Nke a abụghị ihe ijuanya, n'ihi na agụụ maka ala nna ya ala - onye nke na-eme nke obi nsogbu ọtụtụ kwabatara. Ma ọ bụghị naanị ha. Gịnị ka ị na-eme mgbe a ogologo oge na-adịghị akpọku ndị enyi gị na ndị ikwu, ị na-amaghị ihe na-eme ha? Nke ahụ ziri ezi, na-ewe iwe ma ọ dara mbà n'obi, ị gaghị ahụ a ebe ya onwe ya.

Ụda Taffy akụkọ esiwanye agwakọta ụfọdụ ike na ozugbo conciliatory dee. Dị ka ọtụtụ ndị so dee, ọ bụ oge siri ike, nke na-aga site na ya na ọgbọ, na-adịghị ahụ n'ụzọ ọ bụla ike bụghị ịgbanwe ebighi iwu, nke na mgbe ụfọdụ ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịmata ihe dị iche na-adịghị adịte aka ọṅụ nke iru uju, a ogologo oge na-eme ka juru ebe nile.

N'ọdịnihu, dum Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na ụdi arụ nke Taffy ọbọhọ enweghị mgbe ahapụ Paris. Otú ọ dị, site n'oge ruo n'oge ọ ka na-kwetara na-ekwu okwu na-agụ ha onwe ha ọrụ na ụfọdụ kwagara na-ege ntị, nke na-aghọ mgbe obere kwa afọ. Ọfọn, na ya post-agha afọ Taffy bụ nnọọ ọrụ n'aka memoir osise nke mbụ ha, na ha dịkọrọ ndụ - si Aleksandra Kuprina na Konstantin Balmont ka Grigoriya Rasputina.

Life Taffy gara Paris on October 6, 1952, na-ahapụ n'azụ a oké izizi omenala iji otuto ruo ogologo oge, ruo mgbe, ọ bụghị n'ụzọ zuru ezu kpara n'ime okpueze nke ezi talent akwụkwọ.