Ndị a ma ama-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Monferran Ogyust: biography, ọrụ

St. Petersburg, ma ọ bụ, dị ka ọ na-akpọ Northern Palmira, ya amanye anya bụ na ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ ụgwọ European architects onye a kpọrọ Russian eze maka ya mma na ndokwa. Otu n'ime ha bụ-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Montferrand. Ọtụtụ ndị ya kere taa n'etiti ndị kasị ama nnọchianya nke na obodo na Neva River na-achọ ọtụtụ ndị njem nleta broshuọ.

Ogyust Monferran: A Biography (nwata)

Anri Lui Ogyust Rikar de Montferrand A mụrụ 1786 na Palais de Chaillot (ugbu a akụkụ nke Paris). Ka kwetara na-eme n'ọdịnihu-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ ya onwe ya, nne na nna ya wee na akụkọ mgbe nke ya oké ozu si malite, na-agbakwụnye na aha aha nke ala na ụlọ, nke bụ n'ezie ekesịpde.

Mgbe ọnwụ nke Auguste nna, nne ya lụgharịrị di. Kuchiri ya, bụ onye a ma ama na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ, ozugbo dara na ịhụnanya na nkọ nwata, na me ihe nile ọ natara a ezi muta.

tọrọ afọ

Na 1806, Ogyust Monferran kwetara na Paris Academy of Architecture, ebe nkụzi ya bu P. Fontaine, Charles Percy na mama Antoine commarin. N'okpuru nduzi nke ikpeazụ, o wee akụkụ ke ewu nke Church of Marii Magdaliny. N'oge na-adịghị, Otú ọ dị, ọ na e debara aha ndị agha gaa agha, na ọ dị mgbe o jere ozi na Italy.

On ya laghachiri Paris, na afọ nke afọ 26, Ogyust Monferran lụrụ, ma mgbe oge ụfọdụ o kwupụtara ọchịchọ ịbanye Napoleonic Nche. Na agha nke Arno, o gosiri na ya a obi ike warrior na e ọdịda nke Legion nke Honor. Ikekwe Montferrand ga-anọgide na ndị agha ya ọrụ, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị na mmeri nke Napoleon na Leipzig agha, obere oge nke nwa okorobịa ahụ lara ezumike nká.

Nzukọ Alexander Mbụ

Taa, ọ pụrụ iyi ihe ijuanya, ma merie French ka Russian edidem ọtụtụ nke ụmụ amaala na-eche enweghị ihe ọ bụla ibu iro. Ọzọkwa, Ogyust Monferran nnọọ obi ụtọ mgbe ọ na-ege ntị na Akwa Alexander. O nyere eze ihe album na a ole na ole ụkpụrụ ụlọ oru ngo, na cover nke bụ nke e dere nraranye na Russian Emperor. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ na osise nke nnukwu obelisk, equestrian awụ, na Arc de Triomphe , na ndị ọzọ. King mmasị karịsịa eziokwu na e mmasị ka Eserese a nkenke ndepụta ụlọ ihe dị mkpa maka mmejuputa iwu a oru ngo, na-eme atụmatụ na-eri uru e kpọmkwem.

Mgbe mgbe, mgbe na-ege ntị na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Montferrand natara otu ukara akwụkwọ ozi nke na-aha nke Alexander m kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa St. Petersburg.

Akpụ akpụ na Russia

Ogyust Monferran alaghị azụ n'ihu na-ekpebi na oké mgbanwe ná ndụ ya. Na 1816, ndị atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ bịara Northern isi obodo na a akwụkwọ ozi si n'aka Abraham-Lui Brege ka Augustine Betancourt. Ikpeazụ ẹkenịmde ọnọdụ nke onyeisi oche nke St. Petersburg Committee maka Urban Planning, na ya patronage nwere ike ịbụ nnọọ uru ndị Paris-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ. Betancourt ya masịrị ha akwụkwọ ozi Breguet, nke na 1770s bụ ahịa ya na onye òtù ọlụlụ, ya mere, jiri ịnụ ọkụ n'obi nabata France kwetara anya ya drawings. O nwere na-arụ ọrụ ya mma, na ọ kpọrọ nwa okorobịa ahụ na-post of isi nke-ese na kọmitii gawa site ya. Otú ọ dị,-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Montferrand obi umeala jụrụ na họọrọ idebanye aha na steeti dị ka a agadi draftsman. The ukara ntinye nke nkà France na Russian ọrụ ẹkenịmde December 21, 1816.

The mbụ ụlọ na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Montferrand wuru na Russian isi obodo, bụ ụlọ Lobanov-Rostovsky. Ọ dị na nke Admiralty Avenue, na mgbe e mesịrị na ọ chọpụtara na Ministry of War.

St. Isaac Katidral

Ogyust Monferran bụ ike ngwa ngwa igosi onwe ke ọhụrụ ọrụ. Site oge nke ya rutere bụ ugbua karịa 7 afọ agafewo na Russia mgbe Alexander mbụ m mara ọkwa obi maka owuwu nke a ọhụrụ katidral na saịtị nke ochie St. Isaac. N'otu oge ahụ a mkpa ihu ọma nke oru ngo bụ iji chebe ama nsọ atọ ebe ịchụàjà. Na 1813, ọzọ wee malite ịchọ-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ bụ ndị ga-enwe ike ịnagide nke a ọrụ. Ọ natara kasị elu nnwapụta nke oru ngo, ọkọnọ Montferrand. Ọ e mma site 20 February 1818. Construction dịgidere ruo ihe karịrị afọ 40, na dechara naanị n'oge ọchịchị nke Alexander II.

-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ e ụgwọ n'ụba. Montferrand natara a elu n'usoro nke State Councillor na a ego nke 40 000 rubles na ọla-ọcha. Ke adianade do, ọ na-e ọdịda a nrite ọlaedo, mma na diamonds.

Alexander kọlụm

N'ime afọ iri mbụ nke ọnụnọ na Russia, na mgbakwunye na nke ekwuola ụlọ ọrụ, Montferrand mere ụlọ nke Lyceum Richelieu na Odessa, Kochubey Obí, ulo oru mgbagwoju ke Nizhny Novgorod, Moscow Manege na ndị ọzọ.

Na 1829, Nicholas II kpebiri dịgide ebe nchekwa nke mmeri nke nne-ya. N'akwụkwọ ya na Obí Square ọ bụ iji ọsọ elu Alexander kọlụm. Ogyust Monferran mma karịa ndị ọzọ na ndị ọrụ ibe nagide mmepe nke ya oru ngo, otú ahụ karị, n'ihi na ọtụtụ afọ ozuzu umu echiche nke ndị dị otú ahụ a Ọdịdị. Construction were 5 afọ na na 1834 n'ihu Winter Obí akwa oghere nke ncheta, nke ka na-ewere otu nke obodo decorations na Neva. Dị ka a ihe ịrịba ama nke ekele maka mgbalị ha Montferrand e ọdịda nke Order of St. Vladimir nke atọ ogo, na ya ego dịrị 100 puku rubles na ọla-ọcha.

The ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya

Mgbe alụkwaghịm nwunye ya mbụ Montferrand ọtụtụ afọ naanị ruo mgbe na 1835 abụghị di na nwunye mbụ omee Frenchwoman Elise Deboner, nke nọgidere na ya ruo mgbe ụbọchị ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya. The ikpeazụ ọrụ nke-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ ghọrọ Emperor Nicholas m ncheta oru ngo na St. Petersburg. Ọnwụ gbochiri Montferrand mezue ọrụ a, na-arụ ọrụ e dechara site atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ D. Efimov.

Ugbu a ị maara nkọwa nke ndụ ahụ o biri ndụ na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ bụ onye wuru St. Isaac Katidral. Ogyust Monferran ihe karịrị afọ 40 nọrọ na Russia na bụ ya bụ akwụkwọ nke ọtụtụ ọrụ, nke ka na-enwe mmasị n'ebe ndị izu okè nke ụdị na n'echiche nke imewe.