Nga-akwụkwọ pedagogy na ya ọrụ na àgwà na mmepe

Mgbe anyị na-ekwu banyere pedagogy ozugbo n'ụzọ ụfọdụ iche a na nlezianya nkụzi ụlọ akwụkwọ na iko na pointer na aka ma ọ bụ isi awọ prọfesọ na mahadum, akpọsa banyere wisdoms akụziri. Ma pedagogy - bụghị naanị a n'ụlọ akwụkwọ mmụta na mahadum. Taa, anyị ga-ekwu banyere tupu ụlọ akwụkwọ pedagogy.

Nga-akwụkwọ pedagogy - a n'alaka ụlọ ọrụ nke pedagogical sayensị, nke na-amụrụ na-ekpe na-akụziri nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara ụmụ. Nke ahụ bụ, ọ bụ ntọala, ntọala nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu nke onye ahụ. Ọ bụ ya mere na ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara pedagoam chọrọ nnọọ elu.

M wee malite etolite tupu ụlọ akwụkwọ pedagogy dị ka a ọkà mmụta sayensị n'okpuru nduzi nke a maara nke ọma ọkà mmụta sayensị-nkụzi, bụ otu n'ime "nna" nke pedagogy, Yana Amosa Comenius. Ọ mbụ dọọrọ uche gaa n'eziokwu na ụmụaka mkpa dị ka na-amasị anyị na-ekwu, "na-arụ" si nwa, na naanị a mbara obibia na otú e si zụlite ma na-akụziri na-enye ezigbo ihe. All ha boro nke okwu a na isi ndokwa nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara pedagogy, ọrụ ya na ọrụ e guzobere onye ọ kọwara n'akwụkwọ "Nne na Nna School", nke na-adịghị efu ya mkpa taa.

Ihe aga-eme nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara pedagogy kama obschirny. Firstly, ọmụmụ a na qualitative mma nke muta usoro na-eto eto ụmụ. Nke abụọ, ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara pedagogy aku na mmepe nke ọhụrụ iche na ụzọ nke ọzụzụ, na-akụziri, nke na-agụnye research eme, na-eduzi psychological na izi Ọnwụnwa na nnwale. Ma isi ọrụ nke niile takii bụ na-arụ ọrụ kpọmkwem nwa, e guzobere ya echiche, nkwenkwe, cognitive ikike, ikike na-egosipụta onwe, tọọ ntọala maka ịgụkwu akwụkwọ na ọzụzụ.

Tupu mgbe echiche bụ na nwa e kwesịrị ịzụlite samostotelno, tinyere ndị e na nke ọ ga-adị mma, "ghara igbochi ya ọdịdị", na-ama akwụkwọ ndị nkụzi niile ga-emezi. Na rasli ụmụaka na-achịkwaghị achịkwa n'ihi na ọtụtụ akụkụ. Na mmepe nke ụmụ mmadụ echiche, n'ihi na eziokwu na na akparamàgwà na pedagogy, mmasị amụbawo n'oge na ugbu a, anyị nwere ike ikwu banyere nkebi nke guzobere onye, malite na nwa, ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara pedagogy aghọwo ihe akụkụ nke ndụ nke ọ bụla otu cheloecheskogo. Ọ ngwa ngwa mepụtara na mbubreyo 19 - 20 ọtụtụ narị afọ. Special mmetụta ya mmepe nwere Zh.Zh.Russo, onye merela agadi otutu n'oge ahụ echiche nke eke mmụta, ọrụ ọzụzụ; Pestalozzi, onye prevozglashal ụkpụrụ nke onwe-mmepe, F.V.Frebel, bụ onye ghọrọ theorist nke nwata-elekọta ma na raara onwe ya nye mkpuchi nke a nke ịrịba òkè nke ha na nkà mmụta sayensị akwụkwọ. Ọ Froebel meghere nke mbụ na 1840, tupu ụlọ akwụkwọ, nke mụtaara aha nke Ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara (n'ụzọ nkịtị na Nemec - ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara), ebe ntọala nke mmụta na-ewere ịme ngosi uwe, ọrụ na-egwu na-emepe emepe egwuregwu.

Ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara pedagogy mepụtara bụghị naanị ekele Western-enye ìhè. A isi onyinye ya mmepe e mere site Russia. Ka ihe atụ, Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky, nke a na-akpọ "onye nkụzi nke ndị nkụzi", azụlitewo a nkụzi ọzụzụ usoro, nke a na nke a gbakwunyere na ole na ole ka na-eji taa. Ushinsky kwalitere a holistic na adabako mmepe nke mmadụ, maka odida Hazie mmepe nke àgwà ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ, maka agụmakwụkwọ nke omume ọma.

Ekwu okwu nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara pedagogy, ọ gaghị ekwe omume ghara ikwu Adelaide Semyonovna Simonovic. Ọ bụghị naanị na a theorist nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara mmụta (dere akwụkwọ ọgụgụ "Bara Uru ndetu banyere onye na-elekọta mmadụ agụmakwụkwọ nke ụmụntakịrị"-anọgide na-ebipụta dị ka "ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara"), kamakwa omume - arụ ọrụ na kindergartens na Tiflis na Petersburg. Ọzọkwa, ọ meghere a na-akwụ ụgwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara na St. Petersburg, ebe omume pụtara ya chepụtara banyere mkpa ịdị n'otu nke anụ ahụ na nke ime mmụọ.

Dị ka ị pụrụ ịhụ, ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara pedagogy bụ nnọọ a ogologo ụzọ na taa ọ bụ na usoro nke ya-arụsi ọrụ mmepe.