Ngwa agha: iche, e ji mara

All na nkebi nke otito mmadụ na -ejikọta ya na-aga n'ihu iro na ọdịdọ nke mba ọzọ n'ókèala. The obodo oge ochie bụ ebe e wusiri ike, agha nke ọma na-echebe site elu mgbidi. Ọtụtụ mgbe, akada dị ike pụtara a zuru mmeri na agha. Otú ọ dị, ogologo nọchibidoro obodo ahụ esonyere a nnọọ elu ọnụ na abụọ.

Ọ chọrọ ihe e kere eke nke teknuzu ngwaọrụ e mere ibibi "oké njọ" nchebe. Ebe ọ bụ na oge nke Aleksandra Makedonskogo wee akpa kpọtụrụ "Ballista" - ngwá ike nke na-atụba nkume ákwà mgbochi trajectory. Nke a na atụmatụ-enye ngwaọrụ, bụ mgbanwe nke catapult, akpata mmebi na-iro, echebe ihe e wusiri ike.

Ná ngwụsị nke iri na asaa na narị afọ ballista ụkpụrụ e etinyere na-ewu nke ngwa agha - egbe, gbaa na n'akuku nke 45 degrees. Nọchiri nke egbe na ghọrọ ngwa agha. Photo ngwaọrụ, ya di iche iche, na-alụ ọgụ àgwà na nkọwa na-adade ke nyochaa. Ọ na-akọwa ihe mere eme nke e kere eke na mmepe nkebi nke ụdị ngwá agha.

definition

Ngwa agha - Atilari egbe, nke e mere maka agbapụ na a nnukwu n'akuku nke elu ka o merie ya ndò manpower na mbibi nke ndị e wusiri ike ubi nkwukọrịta. Dị ka ụdị nke ngwa agha, ọ e ji enweghị nke poolu na anaghị achọ ngwaọrụ - dochie ndị a n'akụkụ mbio, nke a na enịm ke n'ala ma ọ bụ armored ugbo ala. Agbapụ si na-feathered ngwa agha mgbọ, nke shank A kpọgidere a propellant ụgwọ.

ya mere eme

The mbụ agha na Ome a projectile, nke m, na-agba ndị nkpoda ụzọ e ji mee ihe site na Russian agha na agha na Japan na 1904-1905., N'oge na-agbachitere Port Arthur. Onye Okike nke "ngwa maka agbapụ na nso nso," ghọrọ onye uweojii na engineer Leonid Nikolaevich Gobyato.

Gun ghọrọ ihe ndabere nke 75-mm howitzer na a belatara gbọmgbọm na-emegharị ka firing ụgbọ mmiri nke m. Mgbe e mesịrị, a ọhụrụ "ihe ijuanya-egbe," ahụ ha magburu onwe ọgụ àgwà, ọ na-akpọ "ngwa agha". Firing nso implements dabere na mgbanwe na n'akuku nke nchepụta nke gbọmgbọm, na ihe-ndebe ego, malite site 50 ruo 400 mita.

Russian ahụmahụ nke ngwa agha e jiri nlezianya na-amụ site mba ọzọ ndị ọkachamara. The oke ojiji ngwaọrụ natara na N'ezie nke World War 1914-1918. Na ogwe aka nke ndị eze ndị agha nke Russia na 1915 a gbapụtara na 47 ogbunigwe nke a caliber nke 58 mm, nwere firing nso nke 400 na 520 mita, karị. The creators nke a ngwaọrụ bụ onyeisi ogbunigwe E. A. Lihonin.

The ngwaọrụ ngwa agha

Iji ghọta otú gbaa a ngwa agha, ọ dị mkpa na-atụle ya imewe. The egbe nwere atọ isi mmiri:

1. Ogwe. Ihe mmewere n'ụdị a anwụrụ ekpebi direction nke ụgbọ elu nke projectile. Vertex akụkụ ruo eruo anya (a) na-emegharị maka mfe loading. The ala nke gbọmgbọm - breech na oku igba enwe n'ime ya (na) nke amapu na Capsule shells (mines).
2. The isi efere. Ihe bụ hinged njikọ na gbọmgbọm. Ọ na-eje ozi na-elekwasị anya egbe n'oge firing site agafe anaghị achọ ike n'elu (n'ala, Chassis na t. D.).
3. Ighe. Member akwado gbọmgbọm nke ngwá agha. The apịaji stowed ọnọdụ via spring SIRC (s).

Ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe na nso nke ngwa agha

Ngwa agha hama usoro na-enye a striker, n'ịnyịnya na ala akụkụ nke ogwe. Gun ụgwọ - Ming - nri na Ekechila ọnụ òkè. Munition agafe n'elu ire ụtọ elu, na Capsule dị na ọdụ ngalaba, "prick" on stinger firing pin, na-eme ka ndị shot emee. Nke a na ụdị a na-akpọ a oku igba siri ike, ọ bụ nnọọ mfe na-ewu na nwere ike inye a elu nke ọkụ.

Mgbọ egbe - Ming - bụ dobe ekara ahụ burster warhead, na a kwụsie ike empennage ọdụ. Ọ na-etinye fuuz na isi (propellant), na ọzọ ebubo maka ojiji nke onye na-usoro mbụ ike ọsọ na anya nke projectile ụgbọ elu.

N'ikpebi anya na nke ngwa agha bụ ike ime ka a shot, nyere pụrụ iche table kere n'otu n'otu n'ihi na onye ọ bụla ụdị egbe. Tụlee otu ihe atụ nke ndị dị otú calculations.

Firing table. Ngwa agha 120mm São 2S9

N'ihi ya, anyị nwere ike ikwubi na projectile ụgbọ elu anya na-adabere ọ bụghị nanị na ịdị ukwuu nke propellant, ma site na nrigo n'akuku nke ngwaọrụ. Rịba ama na ndị mbụ ike ọsọ nke munition na anya na ọ bụ ike iji merie nwekwara mekọrịtara na ogologo nke gbọmgbọm nke ngwa agha.

Ogbunigwe. Akụkụ ngwaọrụ, ha mgbaru ọsọ na nzube

Agha, a oké mkpa bụ mmasị na agagharị n'aka ọkụ, ekwe omume nke ha ngwa ke forefront, na-emebi ihe mmetụta nke ngwá agha na ya ike igbanwe. Ndị a chọrọ bụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu ibu ngwa agha. N'ịbụ onye ngwá na a hinged trajectory firing, ọ na-enye:

1. Mbibi nke onye iro manpower, bụ nke dị na kpughere ebe na na ọwa, trenches, ndagwurugwu na gullies, maka vetikal mgbidi na elu.
2. Nwụnye nke anwụrụ ọkụ meziri ikwado redeployment nke ya nkeji ezo.
3. Mkpuchi ebe maka nzube nke "na-ekpu ìsì" onye iro.

The arụmọrụ kwa nke nwere a ngwa agha

• Firing nso. Kpebisiri ike site kacha nta na kacha anya projectile ụgbọ elu, agbala ngwá. Ka ihe atụ, karịa firing nso nke Russian 420 - mm onwe-propelled ngwa agha 2B1 "Oka", bụ 45.000 mita.
• The akụkụ nke gbọmgbọm nrụaka. Nke a oke na-gbanwere repositioning nkwado bipod (bipod) ngwaọrụ. N'akuku nke vetikal nduzi ngwa agha dịgasị iche n'ebe 45 85 degrees, na kwụ - 360.
• Oge ka eme ka ndi-firing ọnọdụ. Njirimara na-ekpebi ọsọ nke nkwadebe ngwaọrụ nke ịnọgide na-enwe ọkụ. Ka ihe atụ, na anụ ụlọ ngwa agha 2B14-1 "tree" dị zuru njikere maka 30 sekọnd.
• The kacha ọnụego. Kpebisiri ike site na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke gbaa egbe na-amị kwa nkeji. The kacha ekwe omume ọnụego nke ìhè ogbunigwe ike banyere 30 RDS. / Min.
• Mass munition. Ọ ezipụta arọ nke projectile, nke nwere ike ọkụ a ngwa agha. 120 - mm egbe French mmepụta RT61 (F1), n'ihi na ihe atụ, bụ ike nke na-agba mgbọ nke 15 kilogram.
• Mass egbe na firing ọnọdụ. Ọ na-agụnye ịdị arọ nke ihe niile (erite tube poolu-bipod na a support efere) na kpọkọtara ala. Ke onwe-propelled egbe na a oke-agụnye arọ nke Chassis. Dị ka ihe atụ - a arọ ngwa agha mgbe nile American agha M-30 na firing ọnọdụ, dịrị ihe 305 n'arọ, na propelled MLRs BM-21 "Grad", arụpụtara na Soviet Union nwere a uka nke 13.700 n'arọ.

Quality Mara ngwa agha

• The elu nke ọkụ. Device atụmatụ mfe recharging, ekwe ka ị ọkụ égbè na-akwa osisi ike. Rate nke ụfọdụ ụdị nke oge a na ogbunigwe ruo 170-190 agba kwa nkeji.
• Multi-nzube elu-ike mgbọ. Shrapnel, na-agbawa agbawa, ụyọkọ, incendiary, anwụrụ ọkụ na ìhè - a bụ nanị ụfọdụ n'ime ụdị nke projectiles na ike ga-chụọ n'ọrụ ngwa agha. Firing nso na ngwá agha na-usoro na-agbanwe agbanwe odori ike nke ejecting a nke m aro.
• A mfe ngwaọrụ. Mfe nke ewu ogbunigwe ọtụtụ, ekwe omume nke ha disassembly na mfe njem ka o kwe omume ime ka egbe n'elu ike ike teren, nọgidere na-ekwesị ngalaba mgbanyụ ọkụ. Ụfọdụ ụdị ike a ga-eji maka ahu nke ụgbọ ala égbè.
• Na-adịgide adịgide readiness. Ogbunigwe na-ji elu na-agba na-anya ụgbọ "na-arụ ọrụ" ọnọdụ, n'ihi na mfe mgbakọ.
• Nkpoda ụzọ ụgbọ elu projectile. A ngwá agha ike ọkụkụ a mgbaru ọsọ nke a mechiri emechi na-echebe site na-ata nri ogbunigwe na igwe-egbe ọkụ. N'ihi nke a mma, a ngwa agha ike firing "n'elu" nke ha nkeji.

nhazi ọkwa

Ilebatụ anya ụdị nke ngwaọrụ, dabeere na Russian ogbunigwe. Ebe ọ bụ na Soviet ugboro, nke a na ụdị ngwá agha a na nkewa dị ka ndị a:

1. Rotne achụ nta (55-65 mm size).
2. Battalion (80-85 mm).
3. Ndi agha (105-125 mm).
4. Divisional (nnukwu caliber na reactive).

Device ngwa agha gbọmgbọm iche ma smoothbore na rifled egbe. E nwere ụzọ abụọ nke odori - na a Ekechila ọnụ na breech. ogo akpaaka nke overcharging bụkwa dị iche iche. E nwere akpaaka ngwaọrụ, ka ihe atụ, 2B9M "Cornflower" - ngwa agha picture nke na-dị n'okpuru. E nwere a onwe-propelled ogbunigwe - n'elu a wheeled ma ọ bụ esoro Chassis.

mmepe ngwaọrụ

Ihe kacha mkpa na mmepe nke ogbunigwe bụ Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ nke 1939-1945. Naanị Soviet ụlọ ọrụ e nyere ihe karịrị 345.000 ndị a egbe! Kwesịrị ịdị, ọ dị mkpa icheta ihe famed "Katyusha" BM-13 - akpa-eche ha nche rọketi ngwa agha. Firing nso nke ngwaọrụ malite si 4350 na 5500 m. The isi e ji mara nke ogbunigwe na oge, na-eguzo na ogwe aka nke otu mba nke ndi-agha, na-achọkwa na nke a na tebụl.

oge a ngwaọrụ

Taa ogbunigwe, n'ihi na ngwa mmepe nke agha-ulo oru teknụzụ aghọwo a ibu-oge a égbè nso. Anyị agaghị na-akọwa n'ụzọ zuru ezu na niile uru nke ogbunigwe nke XXI narị afọ, ma tụlee naanị otu nlereanya. Ma ọ ga-ahụ ihe atụ nke otú dị anya steepụ-atụ ọganihu.

Na MILEX-2011 ama ada itie ke Minsk na agha-oru ngosi, Russian injinia ẹkenam nkịtị ngwa agha 2B25, na-akpọ "Gull". The peculiarity nke ngwaahịa a bụ na o nwere ihe ndị kasị zoro ezo ọgụ iji. On firing na ngwa agha, na ntụ ntụ, haruru "ekpochi" na munition na ngwá agha-adịghị amị anwụrụ ọkụ, ụda ma ọ bụ ujo ife.

"Gal" egbu zaa na àmà nke 1000-1300 m na a ọnụego nke 15 agba. / Min. Ibu ngwa agha adịghị gafere 15 n'arọ, na projectile arọ bụ naanị 1.9 n'arọ. 2B25 ezubere iji hụ na ọrụ nke pụrụ iche nkeji na ọ dịghị analogues na ụwa.

ọgwụgwụ

Development nke igodo usoro na kọmputa ọku akara mere ngwa agha na elu-nkenke ngwá agha. Ma, ọ nọgidere na ya isi Njirimara - mfe ma dị mfe, ọnụ ala mgbọ, hinged trajectory firing na ọ dịghị mkpa maka ogologo nkwadebe nke "na-arụ ọrụ". Ngwa agha bụ ka otu n'ime ndị kasị pụrụ ịdabere na ụdị ngwá agha na-anaghị achọ pụrụ iche ego na ọtụtụ ogbunigwe calculations.