Nienschanz. Swedish wusiri ike na obodo Nienschanz Nien (Nyen)

Mmejuputa iwu-nke-eto eto Peter m atụmatụ ga-ekwe omume na-enweghị a nnukwu oghe n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, nke ga-ekwe ka Russia nwere a oké osimiri njikọ na European na-ekwu. "History" akwụkwọ ọgụgụ (mezuwo 5) agwa akụkọ nke mmeri nke Ingria, na n'isiokwu a bụ ihe ụfọdụ banyere kpọọ nke Swedish wusiri ike, guzo na bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke Neva na Okhta. Ugbu a, ndị Swedish, aha-ada ka a nkera Nyuenkas, ma na Russian historiography nkera mara site na aha Nienschanz e wusiri ike.

Background nke ebe e wusiri ike

Ebe ọ bụ na mmalite nke XIV narị afọ na fọrọ nke nta ka narị afọ atọ nke Swedish Alaeze na-emepe emepe na Baltic ala ceded ya n'okpuru okwu nke Orekhov ụwa. Neva na Ladoga ala esịne ke nso nke ọdịmma nke ala. Ọ bụ naanị na mmalite nke na Asaa na narị afọ, e kpebiri ịlaghachi furu efu ala. Iji na-amalite na Government nke Sweden na hoputara ka a na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ngwọta nke nsogbu. Otu n'ime ụmụ ndị ikom Charles IX nwere ohere na-Russian ocheeze. Ma nke a na-egbochi site protracted agha Denmark, nke biri na 1613-erule n'oge a, ohere ịghọ eze Russia furu efu - rigoro ocheeze nwa Mikhail Romanov. Ma Sweden atụmatụ ike bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke Neva e chefuo, na Jekọb de Lagarde na-isi nke ndi-Swedish agha, nyere okpueze na-ewu a ebe e wusiri ike na-echebe ndị na-ama meriri n'ókèala.

The ewu nke ebe e wusiri ike

The echiche e mma site Chief nke eze na-akwado site na Swedish nzuko omeiwu - Riksdag. Na 1611, nkera e wuru, nke e mesịrị mara dị ka Nienschanz, nke sụgharịta n'ime Russian dị ka "ike nke Neva."

N'ezie, otu ihe dị mkpa ndokwa, nke were Nienschanz ebe e wusiri ike, ọ bụ nnọọ ihe doro anya na Swedish ọchịchị. All na Asaa narị afọ raara nye ike na ime nke ugbua nchekwa imewe nke ụlọ. Na 1675 nkera akakabarede plan e mma site Swedish eze na ghọrọ akwanye gị akwanye. Onye ọ bụla onye ọrụ ubi Karelia na Ingermanland ji ụgwọ na-arụ ọrụ a ọnwa, upgrading Nienschanz.

Site na mmalite nke XVIII narị afọ kemgbe ike nke n'ụdị a Pentagon, na kemgbe na wuru nnukwu okporo elu ruo 19 m. Abụọ Ravelin, ise bastions na oge a na ngwá mere nkera isi agbachitere ewu.

omume Nien

Neva - ahia ụzọ, mara na Vikings, ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya na e nwere na nso ebe e wusiri ike na ghọrọ ndị kasị na-eto eto n'obodo Nien.

Obodo a, na ọrụ na Sweden, e turu ime dị ka isi obodo nke ya nile n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ala - Ingermanland. Na obodo uwe nke ogwe aka e sere a ọdụm na mma-agha-eguzo n'etiti osimiri abụọ, esighịkwa agha ọnụnọ nke Swedes na ọnụ nke Neva na Okhta.

Adaba ebe dọtara a ebe ndị ọrụ nkà na ndị ahịa site na Europe nile. Ebe a biri compactly Finns, Germany, Russian, Izhors, Dutch. E nwere ndị Protestant ụka, a Lutheran chọọchị, na-ekpe ụlọ akụ nke Neva River mma Orthodox chọọchị. N'agbata n'ikperé ekesa ugbo. Business na nzuzo ozi e ekenịmde ke German na Swedish.

Ke adianade retail ụlọ ahịa na ụlọ nkwakọba na Nien rụrụ ha a n'ụlọ ọgwụ, a brick factory, a na-ano, a griin haus na ọbụna a-elekọta ndị agadi. N'etiti abụọ n'akụkụ, nke e wuru obodo, ugbo gara.

Ae nke ahia na mpi n'etiti ndị ọzọ Baltic obodo mere ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na n'afọ 1632 ụmụ amaala rịọrọ ndị Swedish eze na a aririọ iji nye ha erekwa ùgwù, bụ ndị e mechara nyere ha.

The n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ghọrọ a free mpaghara na ịtụ ụtụ isi. The abawanye na ahia mmasị dugara a revival nke ahia na ọganihu nke ndị bi na.

Swedes nkera bụ naanị ihe àmà mbụ nke a na netwọk nke dị ike e wusiri ike, bụ nke e bu n'obi iji mee ka ala Ingermanlandii. Ma na mmalite nke na Northern War gbochiri mmejuputa atụmatụ ndị ahụ.

Inweta Nyenschantz

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke narị afọ nke 17 na Russia malitere na ọkwa nke ugwu agha. Peter m maara nke ọma banyere mkpa nke obodo na Nien obi-ya na ya dị ike. Ya mere, otu n'ime ndị mbụ agha edinam nke eze nọ na-ewere Nyenschantz.

N'okpuru izugbe felmarshala Sheremetev Russian agha nọ na Shlisserburge, na April 23, 1703 mere obodo na-akpụ akpụ tinyere nri mben Neva River, ọ bịara ebe e wusiri ike bụ Nienschanz. A detachment nke puku mmadụ abụọ e zigara ledo ọmụma, ụgbọ mmiri gafere Lake Ladoga na bịakwutere ebe ewusiri ike nke Swedes. Mberede agha gwepịara Swedish agha outposts dị ka ike nche ka e kwadebere ma ole na ole. April 25 wee ebe ewusiri ike nke nnukwu ndị agha ya. Part ndị agha gafere Okhta na a akụkụ dị na azụ n'okpuru cover nke elu aro. Gburugburu ebe ewusiri ike, besiegers malitere igwu trenches maka echichi nke ogbunigwe batrị. Night site mmiri si Shlisserburga a kpọtaara ogbunigwe, cannons na mgbọ ha.

April 26 isonye na kpọọ nke ebe ewusiri ike nke eze bịakwutere Pita wee ya entourage. Site April 30, niile nọchibidoro omume e gburu, na commandant nke ebe e wusiri ike e zigara-enye chịlie aka elu. Na 7 pm on Nyenschantz agbachitere meghere ọkụ. The Swedes gbara na kụọ elekere ise nke ụtụtụ, na mgbe ahụ kwetara chịlie aka elu.

nkwere nke ebe e wusiri ike

The kpọọ nke ebe ewusiri ike e ofu site nkwekọrịta nke chịlie aka elu. N'okpuru okwu nke ikpeazụ agbachitere niile ọ na-nyere a ụzọ nke nnukwu ụlọ na Vyborg na Narva na ọkọlọtọ na ngwá agha. Mgbe oge na-ebe e wusiri ike e renamed Shlotburg.

The Military Council na ama ebe obere oge igba nke Russian agha na bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke Neva, kpebiri akara aka nke Shlotburga. The obodo bụ oke obere na-ata. Open ewu nke a ọhụrụ e wusiri ike e kpebiri na Mgbada Island.

Peter onwe-ele Nienschanz ebe e wusiri ike na-bibiri n'ala. Ụlọ ndinuak, agbajikwa, fụrụ, ihicha ebe nchekwa nke Swedish ike. City Nien tara ahụhụ mgbe a nọchibidoro, ma ụfọdụ ụlọ na brick osisi nọgidere na-emebibeghị ma e mesịrị na-eji na-ewu nke mbụ ụlọ nke St. Petersburg. Na saịtị nke a mbụ wusiri ike nke eze nyere iwu ka anọ tallest poolu osisi.

Nienschanz mgbe na-ewere

Dịkọrọ ndụ Northern War kwuru na n'ime afọ 15, dị ka a nkera Nienschanz a ga-echezọ, ma data mappers na-egosi na foduru nke a iji chebe onwe Ọdịdị adị tupu 10-ies narị afọ nke 19. Na 1748 na saịtị nke kronverka Nyenschantz amamihe Rastrelli tọọ ntọala nke Smolny Katidral. Inland wusiri ike iri afọ mgbe e mesịrị buru ano Petrovsky mmepụta ihe.

Museum Nienschanz

Ná mmalite 90. XX narị afọ Petersburg archeologists gwupụtatụrụla na Okhta River nọ n'ógbè nke ọnụ nke osimiri ahụ. The anakọtara Nchoputa ekwe na-emeghe a ngosi nka, aha nke na-ada ka "700 Years of Landskrona, na Neva estuary, Nyenskans". The ngosi nka nwere ike iche planograms na layouts ike. Nakwa dị ka na-achọta na chebe ihe mere eme. Mezuwo 5 akwụkwọ sekọndrị budata dịkwuo ha larịị nke ihe ọmụma, imete ndị bara uru ngosi nke ihe ngosi nka.