Ntọhapụ nke Königsberg si Nazi World War II: ụbọchị nke sonyere. Na-alụ ọgụ maka ntọhapụ nke Königsberg, a n'ihu? Nrite maka ntọhapụ nke Königsberg

Ntọhapụ site na ndị Nazi Königsberg bụ isi ihe ịga nke ọma arụmọrụ ekenịmde ke Red Army na ókèala ozugbo nke Germany. Si na ya pụta n'ụzọ dabeere niile ga-eme n'ọdịnihu na-eme nke ha na-arụkọ on ikpeazụ ịtọhapụ Europe si Nazi. Ya mere, ntọhapụ nke Königsberg bụ nzọụkwụ dị mkpa na yinye mmeri njem ndị agha. Na ihe atụ ahụ bụ isi na obodo na gbara ya gburugburu ebe, esisịt ini ke ida nke ọchịchị ndị Nazi, e webatara n'ime ndị Soviet Union.

A nkenke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke East Prussia

Earth East Prussia, ozugbo bụ ebo Baltic Prussians, ebe ọ bụ na XII narị afọ e doro ifịk German agha amalite ịchị. Mgbe ahụ, e nwere ala nke Teutonic Order of knight, fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam kpochapụla, na webatara ndị obodo na a egwu egwu ka Poland, Lithuania na Russia.

Obodo ya Königsberg, akpọbu Tvangste, nwetara aha ya na 1255 na nsọpụrụ nke Czech King Premysl Ottokar II.

Na XV narị afọ, ndị ikpeazụ Master nke ezinụlọ Hohenzollern na ala ndị a ego Duchy nke Prussia, nke ahụ na-jikọtara onye otu na Electorate nke Brandenburg e tọrọ ntọala. Nke a na steeti a na-akpọ alaeze Prussia, na ala ozugbo ekesịpde site na Teutonic Knights, na isi obodo ya na Königsberg, East Prussia bịara mara.

Mgbe e mesịrị, ndị a ndị nọ ejikọrọ na usoro na German Alaeze Ukwu, na Weimar Republic na atọ Reich.

Ọgụ na Soviet-German n'ihu

Na 1944, Nazi agha ke kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ e mesịrị chụpụrụ ya na ókèala ndị USSR. Ntọhapụ nke ndị mba nke dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na etiti Europe si Nazi. Usuu ndị agha Soviet ozugbo na German n'ókèala, akpan akpan, na East Prussia.

January 13, 1945 East Prussian ọrụ na oru site agha Soviet. Ọ na-ekere òkè, 2nd Belarus n'ihu n'okpuru Marshal Rokossovskogo 3rd Belarus Front n'okpuru General Chernyakhovskogo ahụ na mbụ Marshala Vasilevskogo, na 1st Baltic n'ihu gawa site General Bagramyan. Akparamagwa nke ala agha ndị si n'oké osimiri kpuchiri Baltic nsoro n'okpuru iwu nke General Tributs. Ngụkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị agha na-arụ ọrụ na mpaghara ebe a karịa 1.6 nde mmadụ.

Soviet agha ihu na Army Group "Center" na "North" n'okpuru nduzi nke, karị, Colonel-General Reinhardt na L. Rendulic. Ha nwere ihe dị 580 puku. Persons nke mkpara.

N'oge ịga nke ọma na-akpasu iwe nke Red Army e mere a bụrụkwa ihe itunanya, na-arụ a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke usoro ihe na obodo. Ma isi ahụ dum nke East Prussia nọgidere-apụghị imeri emeri Königsberg.

N'ihi ya, ọ nọgidere na-na Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya. Ntọhapụ nke Königsberg-aghọ otu n'ime ndị isi nkebi nke ya.

Nkwadebe maka agbachitere Germany

Ka anya dị ka o doro anya na ọ ga-anya-amalite na-alụ ọgụ maka ntọhapụ nke Königsberg, ndị German High Command ka iwu ike igba na n'iru nta-apụghị imeri emeri obodo. Anyị wee malite iwu barricades.

Ọ na-amplification nke eke wusiri ike nke obodo, esịnede atọ yiri mgbaaka, wuru na dị iche iche akụkọ ihe mere eme oge. Ọzọkwa, Königsberg nwere mpụga nzere mgbanaka na mma-e wusiri ike citadel.

Ọ na-rụrụ n'ọrụ mweghachi esonụ mbibi nke, n'ihi na bọmbụ nke British ụgbọelu bụ Königsberg (1944). Ntọhapụ nke ndị obodo kwere nkwa-esi nnọọ ike.

agha nke ọzọ

Ntọhapụ site na ndị Nazi Königsberg e mere na o kwere omume ekele na-aga nke ọma na ime ihe rụrụ n'okpuru iwu nke Marshal Vasilevsky. Ọ na-e isiokwu ogige, edu General Bagramyan. Ekpuchi elu-igwe nye iwu Air Chief Marshal Novikov. Ọ bụ ha mekọrọ ihe iji nọrọ ná nchebe na ntọhapụ nke Königsberg. Gịnị bụ n'ihu isi nke a na ime ihe? Ọtụtụ oké aka na ọ bụ atọ Belarusian, nke gụnyere 1st Baltic.

The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị agha Soviet onye wee akụkụ ke ọrụ, bụ 137 na puku ndị mmadụ. Ke adianade do, ọ bụ dị na 2174 ugbo elu na 538 tankị.

Königsberg agbachitere edu General Otto von Lasch Wehrmacht. Na-atọgbọ bụ 130 puku ndị agha, nke bụ ihe na-erughị ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị na-emegide ndị Soviet agha. Ma na tankị na ugbo elu na ndị agha Germany na saịtị budata usụhọde. O nwere, karị, 108 na 170 nkeji.

N'ihi ya, mgbe ihe dị ka hà na manpower na a akuku nke Soviet Army a dị ịrịba ama uru na nkà ndị agha nke Wehrmacht. Nke a ọzọ na-egosi isi ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọnọdụ ná mmalite nke agha na ọnọdụ na 1945.

Na atụmanya nke ịwa ahụ

Tupu ị malite na ntọhapụ nke Königsberg, ọ na-rụrụ site na Soviet agha shelling nke e wusiri ike ọnọdụ nke onye iro. O were m fọrọ nke nta dum n'izu mbụ nke April. Ke adianade do, anyị na-edebe airstrikes anyị ụgbọelu ugbo elu na-emeri na saịtị kwadoro ke obio. Ma, data bombings ndị obere na-ebibi karịa ọgụ na British ugbo elu mere n'ihi fọrọ nke nta dum 1944.

N'aka nke ya, ndị Germany na-agbalị ka ngwa ngwa dị ka o kwere n'akwa ọ bụla ntụpọ na-azara ọnụ, eduat na Soviet agba.

Wehrmacht na-edu ndú na-aghọta na ọ bụrụ na ya na ndị mmadụ ga na-chebe ọ bụla anụ ọhịa nke ala ikpeazụ ntapụ ọbara, na nke ikpeazụ agha, Alaeze Ukwu nke Atọ nke ụbọchị na-ọnụ. Ma, dị ka anyị maara si akụkọ ihe mere eme, ọbụna na-enwetụbeghị ụdị àjà nkịtị German agha enweghị ike ịzọpụta a monstrous igwe nke mgbukpọ na-ada site na mbibi.

obodo Sturm

Mgbe ahụ malitere ozugbo, ntọhapụ nke Königsberg. Ụbọchị April 6, 1945 bụ mmalite nke ya.

Igbu e mere n'otu oge si n'ebe ugwu na n'ebe ndịda nke obodo. Day, dị ka na mbụ, malite na shelling nke onye iro ọnọdụ. Nso awa iri na abụọ nke ehihie wee na-akpasu iwe tankị na bipu. A ịrịba ama ọrụ na ime e kenyere na wakpo agha, bụ ndị mere ka a oké onyinye ntọhapụ nke Königsberg (1945).

Ndị Germany nyere sikwara ike njite-eguzogide, ma Soviet agha-etipịa a iji chebe onwe mgbochi mgbe ọzọ. n'ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri e weghaara. Ihe na-enye aka na-atọgbọ na Wehrmacht agha zara bụrụkwa jụrụ. Mbọ iji hazie ichighaazu e mere, ma ndị Soviet agha jide German akụkụ, ezube mejuputa atumatu n'ime eziokwu.

N'ikpeazụ, April 9, 1945, General Otto von Lasch, ifiọkde efu nke na-eguzogide, bịanyere aka chịlie aka elu, ma nye iwu niile ndị agha nọ n'okpuru ya iwu, osụhọde aka ha. Ekpochapụ obodo si na-erubere iwu nke ìgwè dị iche iche nke Wehrmacht agha iso ofụri na-esote ụbọchị.

Ya mere, e ntọhapụ nke Königsberg. E nyere ndị agha Soviet dịtụ obere losses, ma nke a na ọ dịghị ụzọ ewetulata mkpa nke ihe omume a na kpuchie nke World War II akpan akpan na Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ dị ka a dum.

weere nke ọzọ

N'oge na-arụ ọrụ maka ntọhapụ nke obodo nke Königsberg, na-egbu 42.000 German agha, banyere 92.000 e mkpọrọ. Ke adianade do, Soviet agha weghaara ngwá agha, ya bụ puku abụọ na ogbunigwe iberibe, 128 ugbo elu na 1652 ngwa agha.

Otu n'ime ihe ndị Soviet agha weere ndị dị nta, ha dịrị 3.200 nwụrụ anwụ alụso. Nke a gosiri na anyị ọchịagha mụtara iji merie mmeri bụghị n'ihi nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị agha na a ịrịba ama ọtụtụ ndị nwụrụ anwụ agha, dị ka ọ dị ná mmalite nke agha, dị ka a N'ihi nke ọnụnọ nke a na-ghar plan nke edinam. Eziokwu a mara Red Army na a qualitatively ụzọ ọhụrụ.

N'ihi na ndị bi nke Königsberg otu ọnọdụ yiri ihe ndị ọzọ dị imere ebere. 80% nke obodo ahụ fọrọ nke nta ebibi n'oge mwakpo na bọmbụ si na mbara igwe, nke gụnyere ndị na-eduzi ndị Royal British ụgbọelu na N'ezie nke 1944. Nke 316.000 bi nke ndị bi Königsberg na mmalite nke agha, naanị 200,000 ekpe mgbe mgbe a batara n'obodo, na ha adịghị anya na-mkpi n'ebe ndị ọzọ.

ọrụ uru

Anaghịkwa nke Königsberg na World War II aka ike a rata maka inwekwu tupu nke Soviet agha. April 25 e meriri ikpeazụ ọkpụrụkpụ German agha na mpaghara - na Samland Group of Forces. Na nke a East-Prussian ọrụ ọma dechara.

Ọzọkwa ihe na-niile mara na: n'ihu nke Allied iwe, ndị batara nke Berlin, Hitler igbu onwe na a zuru ezu kwenye nke Germany May 8, 1945. N'ezie, iji nweta a N'ihi ya, na-ewere otu n'ime Königsberg bụ ezughị, ma ihe omume a - a kwesịrị njikọ ke yinye mmeri dị ka Agha nke Stalingrad, Agha nke Kursk ntopute na Allied ọdịda na Normandy.

The pụtara na peculiarity nke mmeri nke Soviet agha Koenigsberg n'ụzọ zuru okè na-egosi na na oge nke ya 24-oge volley si 324 egbe e nyere na Moscow. Ke adianade do, e guzobere a pụrụ iche baajị (nrite) ime ka ebe nchekwa nke ihe ịga nke ọma n'ihi na anyị na ndị agha agha banyere ihe ọ bụla zuru ezu, anyị na-ekwu ka ọ dị ala.

Kaliningrad - na Russian obodo

The n'ihu akara aka nke obodo dị mma amaara. Königsberg 1946 e renamed Kaliningrad na nsọpụrụ nke onye ahụ nwụrụ anwụ n'otu afọ, na otu onye ndú M. I. Kalinina, na a gụnyere ọnụ na a akụkụ buru ibu nke East Prussia, akpa ke RSFSR, na mgbe ida nke Soviet Union - na Russian Federation. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị German bi n'ógbè ụgbọ nwa mkpi na Germany. The ebe a maara ugbu a dị ka Kaliningrad, e nwere ọtụtụ ndị bi na mpaghara nke USSR, tumadi nke RSFSR na Ukrainian SSR na Byelorussian SSR. The obodo nke Kaliningrad nnọọ ngwa ngwa wughachi, ndị mmadụ si n'akụkụ nile nke Union abuana ke liquidation nke mmebi na agha ahụ mere ka.

N'oge, na Kaliningrad region bụ ihe dị mkpa na ulo oru na-eme n'ógbè Russian Federation. Development nke n'ibu injinịa na shipbuilding. E wezụga ihe ncheta, ugbu e nwere obere ihe àmà nke gara aga na-achị nke ndị Germany na mpaghara.

The nrite "n'ihi na Königsberg"

N'ime ọnwa abụọ mgbe kpọọ nke obodo ndị agha Soviet site n'iwu nke USSR ọchịchị eguzobewo a nrite maka ntọhapụ nke Königsberg. Ọ ke ẹkenam ke iji na-echeta na feat nke alụso. Dị ka award nke iche ga-abụ ndị sonyere na ntọhapụ nke Königsberg aka si 23 January 10 April 1945 dị ka akụkụ nke East Prussia na mgbe a batara n'obodo ahụ.

The nrite ahụ minted na ọla. Ọ bụ a na fọm nke gburugburu. Iji "N'ihi na kpọọ nke Königsberg" na-kanyere ke n'ihu labelụ. O gosipụtara na n'elu kpakpando, na ala - a laurel alaka. On agbara n'akụkụ nwere ụbọchị mgbe ntọhapụ nke Koenigsberg - April 10, 1945. Na dayameta nke baajị - 32 mm.

Emi odude a nrite na ya obi, mgbe ihe ịrịba ama nke nsọpụrụ maka kpọọ nke Budapest nakwa n'ihu a nrite maka kpọọ nke Vienna. Nke ahụ bụ, na nke a rubere n'usoro ozi edumbet.

Ndepụta nke ọdịda nrite Königsberg ntọhapụ òtù

Ebe ọ bụ na ya inception, ọtụtụ alụso nweta a nrite maka ntọhapụ nke Königsberg. The ndepụta awardees niile oge karịa 760.000 ndị mmadụ.

Ọtụtụ ndị ikom ugbu a na-adịghị na-echeta aha. Ma n'etiti natara a nrite ndị a maara nke ọma, dị ka Baykov Evgeniy Grigorevich (sagenti), Lapidus Viktor Lvovich (Lt. Col.) Neplyuev Valentina Fyodorovna (sagenti), Rozhin Ivan Maksimovic (sagenti), Statsenko Ivan Denisovich (Nke abụọ Lieutenant), Trinity Viktor Pavlovich (sagenti), Hudyakov Nikolay Vasilevich (kopora), Yanovskiy Petr Grigorevich (Lieutenant Colonel), Mashanov Ivan Savvateevich (foreman). Ntọhapụ nke Königsberg 1944-1945 afọ - ikpe nke ọ bụla n'ime ha. Ọbara na ajirija nke ndị ikom fesa ubi nke East Prussia. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha na-ekere òkè na ntọhapụ nke Königsberg.

Bara oké uru na-erigbu ndị a alụso, na narị puku ndị na ndị anyị na-enweghị ike ikwu ebe a. Nrite maka ntọhapụ nke Königsberg, nanị akụkụ dị nta nke award, nke kwesịrị na-agha, na ndị na-eri ya ahụ ike na ndụ ịrụ ọrụ.

N'oge, nke a award iche si eke na-akpata na-adịghị rụrụ.

pụta

Otu n'ime ndị isi oge nke ẹkụre Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ bụ ntọhapụ nke Königsberg. Gịnị bụ n'ihu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị na-alụ ọgụ eketịbede na ókèala nke East Prussia! Ma n'otu oge Königsberg ọrụ bụ ihe kasị mma ihe atụ nke otú na ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ na ọnwụ nke pesonel omume weghara a mma-obodo e wusiri ike.

Ọ bụ mmeri nke Soviet agha ahụ bụ oké mkpa ofụri East Prussian ọrụ na iji hụ unhindered ụzọ Berlin. Ke adianade do, ihe ịga nke ọma ẹkụre ọgụ Königsberg kwere na-eme n'ọdịnihu na-agụnye obodo na gburugburu n'ókèala Russia, nke bụ akụkụ nke Kaliningrad region bụkwa ugbu a.

Na, n'ezie, na-erigbu ọtụtụ narị puku ndị alụso ẹduọk ha ọbara n'oge mwakpo nke Königsberg, agaghị echefu echefu. Ha nnukwu àjà motherland ga-echeta mgbe niile.