Königsberg ọrụ: ịkpali ime ihe na-arụpụta

Insterburgsko-Königsberg iwe bụ akụkụ nke East Prussian mkpọsa. The German High Command na-niile kwere omume jikoro iji kwadebe maka a ruo ogologo oge iguzogide nnọchibido ọnọdụ. Na Königsberg ọtụtụ depots na ngwá, ejikwara n'okpuru ala ụlọ mmepụta ihe.

Atụmatụ German nzere usoro

Mwakpo na-eguzogide kere atọ yiri mgbaaka. The mbụ e odude 6-8 km si n'etiti Koenigsberg. Ọ gụnyere trenches, mgbochi tank okporo mmiri, barbed waya minefields. E nwere 15 ulo-agha na e wuru azụ na 1882 na onye ọ bụla nke ha gara site 200-500 ndị mmadụ ìgwè ndị agha. na 12-15 egbe. The abụọ mgbanaka ẹkenịmde tinyere n'akụkụ peeji Königsberg. Ọ chọpụtara nkume akụkụ, barricades, firing ihe na minefields na firing ihe. Na obodo center ẹkenịmde nke atọ mgbanaka. Ọ na-agụnye 9 bastions ravelins na elu, wuru na narị afọ nke 17 ma wughachi na 1843-1873 gg. Königsberg onwe ya na-ezo aka a mbuaha obodo plan. Ya Central akụkụ e wuru azụ na 1525 ya Ọdịdị e ji dị ka a radial-mgbanaka. On ugwu ná mpụga agbasokarị yiri okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu, na na Ndida - aka ike. N'ihi ya, German agbachitere ngwaọrụ n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke obodo e rụrụ ụzọ dị iche iche. Ulo-agha, ẹkenịmde ke 6-8 km si center, enịm iche na a anya nke bụghị karịa 4 km. ọku nkwukọrịta na akwadebeghị na trenches E mere ndokwa maka n'etiti ha. N'ebe ụfọdụ, ọ were a siri ike mgbochi tank okporo mmiri. Obosara ya bụ 6-10 km na omimi - banyere atọ mita.

ọzọ nchedo

Dị ka district n'okporo ámá n'ebe dị nso n'ebe etiti obodo nke dị n'ime mpaghara nke agbachitere gụnyere ndị na-ihu nke miri dọrọ 24 na ogwugwu onu nke nkera. Ikpeazụ ejikọrọ na onye ọ bụla ọzọ antitank ọwa, nke na-ọkara jupụtara na mmiri. Mpụga na esịtidem agbachitere belt kewara abụọ n'etiti yiri mgbaaka. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha nọ 1-2 miri dọrọ akara, bunkers, pillboxes, nke na ụfọdụ na-kpuchie site minefields na barbed waya.

firing ebe

Ndabere nke esịtidem agbachitere ghọrọ usoro si ike ihe. Ha na-ekwurịta okwu ọ bụla ọzọ na cross-ọku kpuchie zuru ezu dị ike antitank na antipersonnel mgbochi. Key ike isi na-ruo eruo na nrutu nke n'okporo ámá na nkume, nke kasị inogide na-emegharị ka agbachitere nrụnye. The gaps kpụrụ n'etiti amị ihe kpuchie barricades, dragon ezé, rubble. N'ihi na ha na-ewu e ji ihe ndị kasị dị iche iche ihe. Ọtụtụ ihe ndị na-agba na-ekwurịta okwu ọ bụla ọzọ, guzobere agbachitere nkeji. Ha, n'aka, na-grouped n'ime e. The nzukọ rụrụ firing usoro ngwaọrụ owuwu maka ngwa daga igwe-egbe na ogbunigwe etiwapụ. Egbe na igwe egbe otú advantageously positioned na ala ala, ngwa agha, bombu throwers na igwe - n'elu.

The itinye n'ọnọdụ nke agha

Königsberg ọrụ ke 1945 ama ada itie na òkè nke agha nke 2nd na 3rd Byelorussian Front n'okpuru K. K. Rokossovskogo na I. D. Chernyahovskogo, 43 Army 1st Baltic Front, gawa site I. H. Bagramyan. The Soviet agha ndị si n'oké osimiri na-akwado Baltic Fleet n'okpuru Admiral V. F. Tributsa. Dị nnọọ hostilities abuana 15 jikọrọ aka, 1 tank agha, 5 ígwè na tank agha, abụọ ikuku ụsụụ ndị agha. Na January 1945, ọ gbachiteere Königsberg ìgwè nke nkeji "Center" (site 26.01 - "North"). Command gosipụtara Colonel-General Reinhardt (site 26,01 - L. Rendulic). Ndị na-eguzogide si German n'akụkụ nyere 2 ubi na 1 Panzer Army, 1 - Air Force.

iwu plan

Königsberg ọrụ, na nkenke na-ekwu okwu, ndị na-atụ anya ebipụ East Prussian nkụzị n'ebe ndị nke ọzọ. Mgbe ahụ, ọ zubere ousting ya si n'oké osimiri na mbibi. Iji mezuo nke a, ndị Soviet Army bụ tie n'otu oge n'ebe ndịda na n'ebe ugwu tinyere ezukọ e. Dị ka atụmatụ nke iwu, ọ na-ndokwa na-kụrụ Pillai.

Insterburgsko Königsberg-operation

Active Soviet agha malitere na 13 January. 3rd Belorussian Front mebiri isi ike ndị na-eguzogide Germany mebiri agbachitere 18,01 Numbinnena ugwu. Agha merela agadi miri n'ime 20-30 km. 2nd Belorussian Front wee na-akpasu iwe 14,01. Mgbe onye na-ufiop agha agha jisiri inwere site na nchebe nke na ịzụlite a ngwa ngwa tupu. N'otu oge ahụ na-28-nke na 5-nke agha dechara ya ihe itunanya. 19 January 39 nke na 43 nke Army weghaara Tilsit. N'oge agha, onye iro otu a kpọgara gburugburu Jan 19-22. Night 22,01 Soviet agha were iwe ọkụ Interburga. The obodo e weere site n'ụtụtụ. January 26 agha ruru Baltic Sea n'ebe ugwu nke Elibinga. Key German agha e kewara iche iche iche iche. Part nke 2nd Army ịga nke ọma na-akpụ akpụ n'ofè Vistula na Pomerania. Ebibi onye iro, ịkwa anya ka oké osimiri, e zigara m na nkeji nke 3rd Belorussian Front, nke so kpata 4 Army 2nd n'ihu. Ọzọ agha ahụ mụụrụ ọrụ Königsberg (foto nke ụfọdụ oge nke agha adade ke ibuotikọ). Agba nke abụọ nke ndị agha malitere na March 13.

Königsberg ọrụ: akpali ọrụ

Site March 29, ndị Soviet agha bibie heylsbergskuyu otu. On April 6 were iwe ọkụ Königsberg. Na Agha abuana nkeji nke 3rd Belorussian Front nyere n'iwu site Vasilevsky. Ha mee ka Baltic Fleet. Königsberg iwe a gbagwojuru anya site ọnụnọ nke atọ yiri mgbaaka nke na-azara ọnụ. Tupu mmalite nke wakpo ụgbọ mmiri, na arọ ogbunigwe chụọ n'ọrụ n'ihu obodo na e wusiri ike maka 4 ụbọchị, si otú na-ebibi onye iro ogologo oge ụlọ ọrụ. Ozugbo ahụ, o Königsberg ọrụ malitere na 6 April. Germany isi ike iguzogide. Ma site na njedebe nke ụbọchị ndị 39th Army jisiri agbaji n'ime onye iro ihe nchebe ruo ọtụtụ kilomita. Agha bee ụgbọ okporo ígwè Königsberg-Pillau. N'oge a, ndị 50 nke, 43 nke na 11 nke-eche ha nche. Army wapue mbụ nzere mgbanaka. Ha jisiri abịa nso mgbidi nke obodo. The mbụ mebiri n'ime ebe ewusiri ike nke 43 Army. Mgbe 2 ụbọchị mgbe a di ọku agha ndị Soviet agha jisiri ẹkemụm na ụgbọ okporo ígwè nkwụsị na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, nza nke ulo oru na agha na saịtị. The mbụ ọrụ, nke bụ ikpebi Königsberg ọrụ, e ebipụ agha agha, emi odude ke Samland Peninsula.

Specificity nke agha

Ịchụ nkebi Koenigsberg ọrụ, ndị Soviet iwu mbụ na-ekpebi na-amalite akara maka mmegide, nke zoo ọsọ ọsọ na-bipu firepower. Mgbe ahụ agbakọta iji nke agha, na mgbe ahụ kpaliri elu na tank òkè. On firing ọnọdụ ike kpọmkwem nrụaka egbe, haziri na amaokwu mgbochi. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ebumnobi maka bipu nkeji, ogbunigwe na tankị, na-na-na-ahazi a mgbe nile na mmekọrịta ndị agha nkeji. Mgbe a mkpirikpi ma pụtara ịgbasi ọzụzụ ozugbo-atụ egbe na a mgbaàmà si a ebe amụ ihe ọkụ na a ahụrụ firing ihe, mgbidi na windo nke ụlọ, embrasures maka mbibi ha. Mpụga gụrụ nnukwu agha nke oké ifufe troopers. Ha ngwa ngwa kwagara oké owuwu. Mgbe bombu agha weghaara Ọdịdị. Ịkwụsị ná mpụga, mwakpo agha merela agadi n'ime obodo. Agha seeped site ogige, n'okporo ámá, na ubi, n'ogige na otú pụta. Jide onye nkanka na ụlọ, nkewa ozugbo rụpụtara ha nzere ala. Ikowa nkume ụlọ. Karịsịa nlezianya kwadebe ụlọ ọrụ dị ná mpụga, nke chere ihu na ntụziaka nke onye iro. Na ebe, ji site Soviet agha, onwem na akara ihe, ọ na-emepụta a okirikiri agbachitere, họpụtara maka njigide nke commandants ihe. N'oge mbụ ụbọchị ole na ole nke wakpo ọgụ ugbo elu ebu ihe fọrọ nke nta 14,000 sorties, idobe na e wusiri ike na agha banyere 3.5 puku. Tọn bombs.

The kwenye nke Germany

8,04 Soviet iwu zigara ndị na ebe me wusiri ike na a amaghị na osụhọde ogwe aka. Otú ọ dị, onye iro jụrụ, ịnọgide na-eguzogide. Site n'ụtụtụ nke April 9 ọtụtụ nkeji nke agha mere mgbalị ịkwaga n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. Ma omume nke 43 Army, atụmatụ ndị na-agbanweghị. N'ihi ya, onye iro bụ ike ịgbanahụ si n'obodo. Na Samland Peninsula, akụkụ nke 5th armored Division nwara agha. Otú ọ dị, counter-ntụmadị nwekwara aga nke ọma. Ẹkedori a wakporo site Soviet ụgbọelu na ogbunigwe na ndụ ọnụ nke German nchebe. Division 11-eche ha nche. agha wakporo obodo na center nke iguzogide ndị Germany. N'ihi ya, April 9 agha a manyere atọgbọ.

pụta

Königsberg ọrụ na-ekwe ka hapụ putara ighe mkpa obodo. The isi unit nke East Prussian German agha e bibiri. Mgbe agha, ndị agha nọgidere na Samland Peninsula. N'oge na-adịghị, Otú ọ dị, na otu a ka e tutu amama. Dị ka Soviet akwụkwọ wee ruo 94 puku. Fascist, banyere 42 puku. Gburu na ndọrọ n'agha. Soviet nkeji weghaara karịrị 2 puku. Egbe, ogbunigwe 1,600, 128 ugbo elu. Dị ka ihe ọnọdụ analysis ekenịmde G. Kretinin, ngụkọta uka nke ndị mkpọrọ gara site banyere 25-30 puku. Nkịtị nọ na nzukọ ihe. Na nke a, na ekwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-egosi akụkọ ihe mere eme 70,5 puku. German agha weghaara mgbe ọgụ ahụ na-agwụ agwụ. Königsberg ọrụ ndị ji ezimezi oku na Moscow. 24 nke 324 egbe salvo e mere. Ke adianade do, na-edu ndú nke mba eguzobewo a nrite, na 98 nkeji nke Army natara aha "Königsberg". Dị ka Soviet akwụkwọ, ọnwụ nke Soviet agha dịrị 3.700 gburu. G. Kretinin na-ekwu na dum ọrụ hazie na rụrụ "abụghị ọnụ ọgụgụ na nkà."

ọgwụgwụ

N'oge East Prussian mkpọsa Soviet agha gosiri oké nkà na pụrụ iche heroism. Ha jisiri ike merie ụfọdụ dị ike iji chebe onwe yiri mgbaaka, isi ike na fiercely ịgbachitere onwe ha iro. Victory na ime ka e enweta site a zuru ezu ogologo agha. N'ihi ya, ndị agha Soviet jisiri ogide East Prussia, ịtọhapụ ndị ugwu Polish ókèala.