Obere mgbiri afọ: nkọwa, Ọdịdị na ọrụ

Olee na-emekọ ihe a mkpa na nnukwu eriri afọ? Gịnị bụ atụmatụ nke na-anọchi anya akụkụ nke digestive tract? Gịnị bụ ọrụ nke obere eriri afọ play na usoro nke absorption nke nri? Anyị ga-agbalị ịza ndị a na ajụjụ ndị ọzọ na nrubeisi.

Part nke obere eriri afọ nke onye

Ịmata ihe dị iche dị otú ahụ obere bowel:

1. Duodenum ejikọ afo ebe ihe rụrụ arụ. Nke a mbụ obere eriri afọ Nleta a loop gburugburu akpukponu inyinya pancreas. The duodenum na-fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam dị na retroperitoneal oghere. Beyond ókè nke ohere naanị ya obere abụba - ampoule.
2. Jejunum Nleta elu obere eriri afọ. Ọkọnọ n'ụdị asaa loops na-edina na n'aka ekpe nke peritoneum.
3. Ileum dị na ala nri ebe nke afo. Ya na njedebe nke akaghị na-aga na pelvic ebe. The ileum na jikọọ na akara na bụ n'ebe dị nso na eriri afo, akpanwa (nwanyi).

anụ ahụ parameters

The n'elu ngalaba nke obere eriri afọ na iche iche òkè nwere ihe mkpumkpu n'obosara. Na distal mpaghara index bụ 2-3 cm proximal na - 4-6. Ọkpụrụkpụ nke nsia mgbidi bụ hà 2-3 mm na esịmde 4.5 na ikpe nke na mbenata anụ ahụ. Na ogologo nke obere eriri afọ dị ka a dum nwere ike ịbụ 5-6 mita. N'otu oge ya na ibu ibu ndị okenye na-fọrọ nke nta ka 650

Obere mgbiri afọ: ngalaba, ọrụ,

The isi mgbaze Filiks na-ewere ọnọdụ na obere eriri afọ. The mucous akpụkpọ ahụ nke obodo anụ ahụ na-emepụta nnukwu ego nke nọ n'ọrụ enzyme. Ha esichara hummus - nri gruel kere gastric juices. Ebe a bara uru ọcha na-etinye obi gị dum n'ime Lymph na ọbara capillaries na-enye ha iga anụ ahụ na ngwa usoro. Tụlee ihe na ọrụ na-rụrụ site na ngalaba nke obere eriri afọ:

• Duodenum - na hydrolysis nke na-edozi, carbohydrates, abụba. Ọ na-enye onye nọ n'ọrụ na mmepụta nke digestive enzymes. Filiks undigested nri ahụ bile iga nke afo ọdịnaya.
• Jejunum - moto, mmiri, mmiri ọgwụ ọrụ, ndị hydrolysis nke Polymers.
• Iliac ebe - iga na moto ọrụ. Ọ na-enye absorption nke bekee na-guzobere site hydrolysis. Ọganihu bile asịd.

The ike nke mkpụrụ ndụ nke obere eriri afọ na hormone mmepụta

Mmepụta nke homonụ-eme dị ka a kpọmkwem ọrụ nke obodo anụ ahụ. Part nke obere eriri afọ na-abụghị nanị akụkụ nke digestive tract, kamakwa akụkụ nke endocrine usoro. Ọ na-a dum ndepụta nke homonụ na mezie iga na moto ọrụ nke eriri afọ na digestive.

Na obere eriri afọ na-elekwasị anya ọzọ set of endocrine mkpụrụ ndụ:

• I-mkpụrụ ndụ - emepụta cholecystokinin;
• D-mkpụrụ ndụ - somatostatin;
• M-mkpụrụ ndụ - motilin;
• G-mkpụrụ ndụ - gastrin;
• K-mkpụrụ ndụ - glucose-dabere insulinotropic polypeptide;
• S- mkpụrụ ndụ - secretin.

Otutu nke hormone na-emepụta mkpụrụ ndụ dị na jejunum na duodenum. Obere akụkụ nke ha - na iliac.

Olee otú mgbaze na obere eriri afọ?

Mgbaze na obere eriri afọ dị ka ndị a. Nga-mesoo asu na gastric ihe ọṅụṅụ pulp na-abịa site na afo bụ acidic. Na obere eriri afọ uka na-anọchi anya alkaline agha. N'ihi ya ezigbo ọnọdụ maka nhazi nri enzymes. Cleavage nke protein mmiri nke nri slurry na-enwe mmetụta ndị na-esonụ, ndị nke nsia juices:

1. Enzymes enterokinase, kinazogen, trypsin esichara mfe edozi.
2. Erepsin cleaves peptides n'ime amino asịd.
3. Nuclease mbak Chọpụta mgbagwoju ụmụ irighiri nke protein si malite, mara dị ka nucleoproteins.
4. Enzymes maltase, phosphatase, amylase na lactase gbarie carbohydrates.
5. Lipase atọghata abụba.

Mgbe njikọ nke bara uru bekee site nri pulp site ọgwụgwọ na enzymes, proteinaceous na carbohydrate mejuputara na-etinye obi gị dum site na villi nke obere eriri afọ. Ọzọkwa Chọpụta ọcha na-eme na venous capillaries na imeju anụ ahụ. N'aka nke ya, na abụba na-zigara lymphatic usoro.

Ọrịa nke obere eriri afọ

Kacha nkịtị ọrịa na-emetụta obere eriri afọ, bụ afọ ọsịsa na stool oge ụzọ. Defecation ọrịa na-esokarị site na mmepe nke ihe mgbu na peritoneum. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ọ bụrụ na nsi na nke ọgba aghara nke obere eriri afọ e nwere ọtụtụ nke flatulence. Na nke a, ihe mgbu dị mkpụmkpụ, agafeghị oke ma ọ bụghị isi ihe na-ahụ ala.

A ihe mgbaàmà nke ọdịda na-arụ ọrụ nke obere eriri afọ - ụzụ na peritoneum, mmetụta nke gbara gharịị mmegharị ke afo. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ndị a mgbaàmà bụ n'ihi nke ukwuu gas emeputa site oriri nke legumes, kabeeji, poteto, rye nri. -Ewelite a mgbaàmà nwere ike ịbụ n'abalị.

N'ihi na ihe dị oké njọ pụta ịkpata ọdịda na mmepụta nke enzymes na gbawara chyme na micronutrients. Ọ bụrụ na mgbaze ruru ka absorption nke bekee na ọbara na Lymph arịa, adịghị ime nke ọma, o nwere ike iduga arọ ọnwụ, ebelata nke ọkpụkpụ na muscle anụ ahụ. The esi nke afọ mgbu bụ mgbe ntutu ọnwụ, akọrọ anụ ahụ, onye ahụ nke ozizi na nsọtụ.

E nwere ọtụtụ ihe bụ isi mmadụ na-eduga mmepe nke pathologies na obere eriri afọ:

• Malabsorption - malabsorption nke nri.
• Maldigestion - ala digestive ọrụ.

Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ekwu banyere ya erughị eru àgwà nke nri nhazi slurry, yiri phenomena ime megide ndabere nke ala etoju nke enzymes na nsia juices. Low gbaa ụka nwere ike ịbụ ma enwetara na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. Na-emekarị nke a daa ọrịa plan protrude N'ihi ya nke-adịghị ala ala mbufụt, endocrine ọrịa, ịwa ahụ adọ.

nchọpụta nsogbu

Iji ịchọpụta mmepe nke nsia ọrịa, ndị ọkachamara malitere dị otú ahụ ụzọ nke nchoputa:

• Capsule ule;
• SPL;
• colonoscopy;
• endoscopy;
• fibroscopy;
• radiography.

Banyere analysis, e na-nyere a ọkọlọtọ usoro. Onye ọrịa rents stool sample, ọbara-e. The oche nwalere n'ihi na ọnụnọ nke ikpuru. Ke ọmụmụ ndị ọbara na-sonye na akaụntụ ọsọ nke ije nke mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie. Ọzọkwa, igosi nchọpụta nsogbu, nke na-enye ohere na-amata na imeju na thyroid gland.

ọgwụgwọ

Agwọ iji na eweghachiri ọrụ nke obere eriri afọ, na-agụnye, nke mbụ niile, mkpochapu kpatara ọrịa. Na enweghị enzymes na nsia juices ewere preparations nwere ha sịntetik nọ n'ọnọdụ. Nke a arọ ọnwụ na-kenyere pụtara n'ihi parenteral oriri na-edozi arọ. Dị ka akụkụ nke na-adịbeghị anya ọnụnọ nke ihe emulsion nke abụba, amino asịd, protein hydrolysates, lekwasị glucose.

Ọ bụrụ na nsogbu na-kpatara nsia dysbiosis, nye iwu ka ọgwụ nje. Nke ikpeazụ pụrụ ịkpasu ele mmadụ anya n'ihu ma ọ bụ na mbibi zuru ezu nke bara uru osisi. N'ihi nke a, mgbe ọgwụgwọ ọrịa achọ mbanye "Bifikol", "Lactobacterin" ma ọ bụ "kolibakterin" - ndu ngwaahịa na nwere nti mmetụta na mweghachi nke nsia biocenosis.

Ọtụtụ mgbe, ndị ọrịa na-ata ahụhụ site na ọrịa na obere eriri afọ, e kenyere na-enweta ọgwụ na-akpata ihe akara na nsị. A na-agụnye ọgwụ ndị na-elu ọdịnaya nke calcium, bismuth. Ọ bụrụ na e guzobere mmiri mmiri na nsị na-akpata ezughi oke adhesion ọdụdụ asịd, iji dozie nsogbu na-akpọzi ojiji nke ọrụ carbon. All nke n'elu na-adịghị mma na-achọ tupu ọgwụgwọ na nke dọkịta. Iji mee ka obere eriri afọ nkịtị, ọ dị mkpa nye onwe, na-adọ nchoputa na ezigbo recourse ka mepụtara ọkachamara ọgwụ.

Ná mmechi

Ya mere, anyị anya na na ya onwe ya bụ a obere eriri afọ nkewa, ihe owuwu na-anọchi anya akụkụ nke digestive tract. Dị ka ị pụrụ ịhụ, na obodo anụ ahụ gbasakwara nri nhazi, na-ekewa ya n'ime iche iche mineral. Obere mgbiri afọ na-arụpụta enzymes, vitamin, homonụ, mmadụ na-enwekwu dịghịzi ọrụ. N'otu oge ahụ omume nke erughi nke bara uru bacteria na-ebi na mgbidi ya, mgbe na-eduga mmepe nke enweghị nchịkwa ọnọdụ.