Obere ogwe aka: AK-12. Atụmatụ AK-12

Ka na-amalite nkwurịta okwu anyị banyere AK-12 na ala. Ọtụtụ ndị na-agụ ga ibido-ahụ ya a ịsụ ngọngọ. Ha na-mgbagwoju anya, n'amaghị ihe ụdị ngwá agha: na igwe egbe ma ọ bụ égbè. Anyị ngwa ngwa-agwa gị na eziokwu na nke a, dị ka ọtụtụ mgbe, dị nnọọ mfe: ọ bụ otu ihe ahụ. Russian okwu "machine" (malitere na ojiji nke armourer Frolov) na English na mbụ kwekọrọ égbè, na dị nnọọ pụtara "égbè."

New AK-12 e mere na Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant n'okpuru nduzi nke ndi-isi-engineer nke ìgwè - Tula gunsmith Zlobin Vladimir Viktorovich.

Nke a ngwá agha V ọgbọ ejije dabeere na oge a na teknụzụ ndị oge gboo na akpaaka, metụtara ogologo ụzọ gas pistin na n'usoro kpọchie. Ịrịba Ama bughi E mere mgbanwe ndị na-erite.

Isi ntụziaka nke mma bụ na-abawanye na izi ezi nke ọkụ, mma ergonomics, ọhụrụ modular imewe, elu "soft" Alụlụụ akpaaka, ikike iji a dịgasị iche iche nke bombu launchers. Isi nlele nke na ngwá agha (e nyere na millimeters) - 5.45 39 (nakwa dị ka AK-74). Otú ọ dị, dị ka a ga-ka ndị ọzọ calibers: 5,56 45; 7,62 ka 39; 7,62 ka 51. The mmepụta a na-atụkwa anya 7,62 51 (NATO ọkọlọtọ) na 6,5 Grendel.

oru

Esi kọwaa a ọhụrụ égbè site arụmọrụ? Ebe ọ bụ na November nke afọ gara aga, dị ka ị maara, na ule firings mụụrụ na izhmashevskoy ule isi, ọ ama enen kpọsara ji mara nke igwe. N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 2014 na ọ dechara ya razrabotcheskie na ule ọrụ TSNIITOCHMASH, na AK-12 n'ime ọrụ. Agha ga-enweta ya na arụmọrụ, nke na-eburu 5,45 na 7,62 mm. Ọzọkwa, a ọhụrụ ngwá agha ga-ifịk ifịk exported. Rịba ama na otu n'ime echiche nke ya kere bụ onye na-abawanye na Russian ike nke mba ogwe aka ahịa dị ka a N'ihi nke ọma mpi ndị mba ọzọ na samples of ígwè ọrụ.

The isi iyi nke ihe ọmụma a bụ nkwupụta site Oleg Bochkarev, osote onye na onyeisi oche nke ndị agha ulo oru mgbagwoju nke Russian Government na 16.09.2013, na N'ajụjụ ọnụ redio "Echo nke Moscow".

Ozi ndị ọzọ leaked site na akwụkwọ akụkọ "Vzglyad", na-egosi na President of Russia mma ndị na-esonụ atụmatụ mmelite igwe Defense Ministry: Russian Technologies ụlọ ọrụ na-gbanwere otu ọhụrụ igwe na atọ ochie nke Ministry of Defense na ngwá agha n'ụlọ nkwakọba.

The ọhụrụ égbè, iji dochie eguzo na AK-74 ngwá agha. Taa, dị ka anyị maara, a nlereanya anamde isi bipu ngwá agha. Ọ, nditịm-ekwu okwu, na-gbanwetụrụ, mbụ na tupu (na "ọgba" mpi mmepe "Abakan"), na mgbe ahụ na - na ya na ụzọ 2013-2014. (Mgbe anyịnwa ịhụkwu "Abakan itunanya" ezubere iche konstuirovaem ọhụrụ "Kalashnikov"). Ule gosiri AK-12: ogwe aka ahịa bịara ọhụrụ egwu ngwá agha, na ọtụtụ ụzọ ndị e ji mara nke wakpo égbè efu mba ndị ọzọ.

isi ndozi

N'ihi ya, kere na ntughari ka V ọgbọ "Kalashnikov" na nkiti imewe AK-74M (IV Ọgbọ) 18 ka nke isi bughi mgbanwe. N'otu oge ahụ jisiri chebe classic "Kalashnikov" layout, pụrụ ịdabere na mfe.

AK-12 na-nyere na otutu na-emepụta na-akpalite usoro na-enye ohere maka ndị firing nke atọ ụdị ọku: otu gbaa, na-agbapụ-achịkwaghị achịkwa, achịkwaghị achịkwa gunfire shortened (bee-apụ) - na atọ agba.

Ịrịba Ama ọganihu: akpatre akpaka Russian ngwá agha mgbe afọ nke ụka, ka buru n'ezie ala ergonomic akara.

Mgbe ọnwụnwa kwuru na mma nke mpịachi telescoping buttstock, hụrụ ahụ. Eji abụọ butts mgbanwe. The mbụ - onye na-na, n'eziokwu, nwere a Kalashnikov AK-74. Nke abụọ - a ọzọ manufacturable, telescopic ise ọnọdụ ukpụhọde. Nke ikpeazụ na-enye ohere zuru okè kwesịrị ekwesị abua n'okpuru anthropometry akụ. Budata belata anaghị achọ, nke ghaghị emetụta izi ezi nke ọkụ. Improved égbè mode cutoff.

The igwe nwere a modular imewe, nke na-enye ohere wụnye kennyeghari orù nke dị iche iche caliber ogologo. Ọ e mere ka a na isi n'elu ikpo okwu na-agụnye mmepe nke 20 ụdi mgbanwe.

Mgbe emebe ọhụrụ Russian égbè na-eji ọhụrụ ihe na coatings. N'oge ndị na-ewu nke mbụ 10 patented oru ngwọta.

ergonomics

Jiri AK-12 ekpe-hander ga-adị ka adaba dị ka nri-hander: ahụ fanye, na oke nke ngwá agha ukwu, mfe rearranged ma ọ ekpe ma ọ bụ aka nri. N'ezie, a nti mmetụta na ya ọgụ ike esonụ doro anya feature ejide igwe na otu aka, ọ ga-ekwe omume ka ịgbanwee otu di iche iche nke ọkụ, unfasten ụlọ ahịa, na-etinye ngwá agha na fuuz, na igba ya. Iji mee nke a, karịsịa maka mkpịsị aka égbè n'aka onwem 2-ụzọ 4-ụzọ nsụgharị-fuuz.

Fanye oge na-ebelata AK-12 na-efu nke ọhụrụ ewu na slide stop button conveniently odude n'elu ụlọ ahịa, nri na-erite. Machine nwere a ọzọ isiike Ọdịdị: ike nke-erite ekpuchi efu nke a pụrụ ịdabere na n'ihu articulation nke ya njikọ na-erite. Na ya n'azụ òkè a okpu ndokwasa site a pụrụ iche lash actuable menjuobi dị n'elu ya otu n'azụ-nri.

n'ịnyịnya ngwaọrụ

Na usoro nke kpọgide ike Nọsi'ike ọnọdụ nke cover of erite ikwu na gbọmgbọm, nke na-emepụta ndị ọzọ ohere maka ojiji nke Mgbakwụnye. Ekwe Omume ikwado a ọzọ ọrụ, na-erite cover fọrọ Picatinny okporo ígwè (dịnụ na ala na n'akụkụ na aka na gas ulo).

Na enyemaka ha, "kpatụ aka gaa na nke nkwojiaka" ọhụrụ "Kalashnikov" AK-12 amama n'ime a bombu obubata. Na ala mgbodo foregrip nwere ike mmasị dị iche iche nke bombu launchers 40 mm GP-25 "Fire" (n'ihi na mbibi nke ndị dị ndụ ndị agha nke ndị iro), 40-mm GP-30 "Obuvka" maka firing shrapnel caseless mgbọ, 40 mm mma (nke na-enweghị misfire) GP-34.

mma ebumnuche

Mma akpaka Alụlụụ eburu kachasị itule nke na-akpụ akpụ akụkụ na usoro, kacha eji Ekechila ọnụ brek - niile a bụ ụzọ kacha nso me a ọhụrụ égbè na arụmọrụ Ẹkot a ziri ezi automatics (AK-107).

Kalashnikov AK-12 na-onwem na mma eri pooling na ọnụ ụzọ, nke nwere a nti mmetụta na kwa nke ziri ezi.

Anyị na-ama a kpọtụrụ aha n'isiokwu Innovation akpalite na usoro. Anyị tinye na ya-enye gị aka iru na ọnụego nke arụmọrụ mgbe agbapụ na a ịkpụ-apụ 1000 agba kwa nkeji, na queues - 600 (maka otu oge). Ntughari ka égbè ụdịdị e mere enweghị na-ewere anya ha si n'anya akwukwo akụ. Tupu mgba ọkụ mfe esịmde gị isi mkpịsị aka, pịa akpalite. Nke a na ije dị mfe, ngwa ngwa me ka automatism.

New AK-12, n'ihi na e hotara na mbụ warara, nweela ekwe omume nke kpọgide ngwá ozugbo emetụta izi ezi nke égbè: nile di iche iche nke nlegharị anya (ngwa anya, n'ihi na ihe atụ, ACOG si, collimator, abalị, n'ibu), laser designators na kenkwucha ọkụ. Izi ezi nke égbè na-ghaghị emetụta na-abawanye na sighting n'ogologo mwepụ nke n'azụ anya azụ.

mara mara

Ngwá Agha AK-12 (V ọgbọ Russian wakpo égbè) nwere teknuzu e ji mara mba ozo (lee. Isiokwu 1).

ọgụ e ji mara	egosi
Caliber, mm	5,45 ka 39; 5,56 45; 7,62 ka 39; 7,62 on 51 NATO
njikwa ụdị	Gas tinyekwa, a rotary valvụ
ogologo
AK-12, ịhụ	110 - adjoin bayoneeti; butt - 94,5; Isi e wepụrụ - 72,5
Ogwe, ịhụ	41,5
Ibu, g	3300 (ọ dịghị ụlọ ahịa)
AK-12 égbè e ji mara
Ijeụkwụ firing, gbaa kwa nkeji	Queues - 600; cutoff - 1000
AK-12, àgwà nke ọgụ ike (cartridges na iberibe)	Classic Shop AK (30); 4-ahiri igbe magazine (60); Drum (95)
Ekechila ọnụ ike ọsọ (mbụ)	0,9 km / s
Irè. Sighting. anya	0,6 km
Sighting akara (mm)	Sight sectored jikọtara - 414 mm N'èzí diopter - 583 mm

Tụnyere NATO-vskimi wakpo égbè

N'otu oge, ke ọha na ngalaba na e nwere foto nke otu AK-12, nke a bụ eziokwu ozugbo mere ka bukwanu resonance, ọtụtụ chọ ya e ji mara atụle. Mgbe o doro anya na ndị ọhụrụ imewe kere a ụwa-klas obere akpaka ngwá agha. Ọ dịrị a kwesịrị mpi wakpo égbè nke na-eduga mba-sonyere nke NATO. The okwu ikpeazụ ahụ e gosipụtara na-esonụ kpọmkwem tụnyere table.

Isiokwu 2. Comparison nke Russian AK-12 na a isi nke NATO akpaka ngwá agha

	Italy	United States	Germany	Austria	Russia
	Beretta ARX 160	M16A4	HK416 14,5 "	Steyr A3 Aug	AK-12
Year of n'ịkpa	2009	1994	2005	2005	2014
Mass (egboro) kg	3	3,55	3,56	3.9	3.2
Ogologo Dec. butt, mm	950	1000	950	745	940
Erite ogologo mm	406	510	420	455	415
caliber	5,56 mm 45 mm	5,56 mm 45 mm	5,56 mm 45 mm	5,56 mm 45 mm	5,45 mm ka 39 mm
ụdị égbè	otu	otu	otu	otu	otu
	akpaka	Ịkpụ-apụ nke 3 gbaa	akpaka	akpaka	Ịkpụ-apụ nke 3 gbaa
		akpaka			akpaka
Rate nke RDS. / Min	700	700-950	850	680-750	650-1000
bullet ọsọ, km / s (Basic.)	n / d	0,85	0,75	0,99	0,9
Mmetụta. n'ọdịnihu. égbè	0,6 km	0,6 km	0.4 km	0,5 km	0,6 km
magazine ikike	100 cartridges; 30 agba	Site 20 ruo 100 agba nke mgbọ; 30 agba ọkọlọtọ	Site 20 ruo 100 agba nke mgbọ; 30 agba ọkọlọtọ	42 agba nke mgbọ; 30 agba	95, 60, 30 agba
Basic n'anya	The anya bụ na-emeghe	diopter n'anya	diopter n'anya	Ngwa anya anya 1.5X	Agbanwe diopter n'anya. ma ọ bụ na-emeghe
The sighting ekekọta	pl. Picatinny	pl. Picatinny	pl. Picatinny	pl. Picatinny	pl. Picatinny
tacked bombu		M203	HK AG36	M203	GP-25, 30,34

Dị ka a pụrụ hụrụ si table, ọtụtụ ndị kwa n'ihu ya asọmpi na AK-12. Njirimara Russian ngwá agha kasị vasatail.

Revaluation nke Russian ogwe kenkwucha ọgụ eji AK

Eleghị anya ị chọpụtara Tri-mode firing AK-12 (Photo ngwá agha ke ibuotikọ egosi na menjuobi-selector mgba ọkụ). Gịnị ka ọ bụ? Mbụ niile - na a mgbanwe ke akụziri nke ọgụ ojiji nke ọhụrụ "Kalashnikov". Soviet agha sayensị achoputala ruo ọtụtụ afọ na firing achịkwaghị achịkwa ọkụ a na-ewere isi na-ele nke igwe. Nke a na-ezighị ezi echiche ruo mgbe na-adịbeghị anya ike na Soviet oge gboo akwụkwọ égbè. Tumadi mere n'okpuru ya, na AK na AKM. E kweere na otú ike a elu njupụta nke ọkụ na, ya mere, kacha ịta nke firepower.

Otu nke na-eduga Russian ọkà mmụta sayensị na ubi nke-eji égbè agbagbu Sergey Borisovich Monetchikov n'ọrụ ya depụtara na agu n'onye ezi omume a ọzọ kwesịrị ele ihe anya.

Mbụ niile ka anyị tụlee ihe mbụ ọnọdụ site na nke ọrụ iche agha sayensị. Nke a mgbọ agha. O doro anya na ọ bụ ole na n'ihi na ezi ebumnobi na ọnọdụ. Soldier, burugodị na a egbe, nwere ike mee ka on a n'obi a kacha nke 8-10 na-echekwa. Ya mere, olileanya nke "iji iwe kwuo" ya n'aka na mmalite nke agha aka ma mmejuputa onye agha ọgụ ozi, na ya lanarị ke otu agha. E wezụga nke a, na ọ dị mkpa iji gaa na akaụntụ ahụ na-akpata nke okpomọkụ ngwá agha. Mgbe firing-achịkwaghị achịkwa nke usoro ihe ndị ọzọ ufiop. Ókè iwe ogwe aka "ọbọ" akụ ala ziri ezi. Na ikpe nke a ọgụ na a mechiri emechi olu (a nọ n'ime) égbè bursts fraught na-ejighị n'aka ibiaghachi maka egwu égbè. Ọgụgụ Aleksandr Vasilevich Suvorov bụ na ọ bụ nnọọ ihe ziri ezi, na-akụziri ndị agha "na-echebe ndị katrij." Nke a echiche, nke N'ezie, ọ bụghị iji mebie nke firing nsogbu na onye iro ghọtara na-ewere na ngwá agha. Mgbe e mesịrị na isiokwu a anyị ga-atụle firing nke ọhụrụ si eme "Kalashnikov".

otu égbè

N'ime ime obodo pfu na ezi ọhụhụ họọrọ firing otu cartridges. Anyị ekwesịghị ichefu na na ọgụ adịghị arụ ọrụ na ọdabara na-gbaara Usoro nke ọkụkụ lekwasịrị circuit site ekpuchi ya multiple mgbọ. Na-akụtu na a jụụ na gburugburu ebe obibi ị ka nwere ike iji Usoro nke aiming "na n'aka ekpe ụkwụ," ma ọ bụ site na nsuso anya maka ihe mgbaru ọsọ. Na a ọgụ ọnọdụ ndị agha e mesie ike na-akpata na dulls ziri ezi, mmetụta nke anụ ahụ ike ọgwụgwụ, nchedo, wdg Gbaa queues n'otu oge - efu ngafe.

Na mberede optionally ọma ịhụ na bụla otu ogbugba. Ọfọn pụtara a runaway otu égbè, adịghị emepụta n'okpuru scrupulous aiming, na site na ijikọta ijiji na nzube. AK-12 na nke a bụ nnọọ adaba. Ya ezigbo firing usoro mgbe firing nta na-ewe ịhụ na lekwasịrị, mgbe so na arụmọrụ nke n'ihu runaway otu oriọna.

Agbapụ na mpempe-achịkwaghị achịkwa

Nke a na ụdị ọkụ bụ na ọdabara na mbụ ogbo remote n'ọgbọ agha mgbe ogbenye visibiliti ọnọdụ (n'abalị, anwụrụ ọkụ, amamiihe akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ). N'ọnọdụ ndị a, akpa ogbo nke a nkukota na onye iro ọ bụghị mgbe niile doro anya ebe ọ bụ n'eziokwu. Site n'enyemaka nke ndị bara uru obere bursts emepụta "fumble" onye iro.

Mgbe ahụ gunman na-aga na a otu firing na otu kwuru na onye iro ọnọdụ. E nwere ihe ọzọ nhọrọ. Achịkwaghị achịkwa 6-8 agba chụọ n'ọrụ si zoo site onye iro agha dị na ụzọ nke ọma firing oru. N'ihi ya ọkụ ruru kacha njupụta na, ya, etinyere maximal mmebi nke onye iro. Rate nke AK-12 agba 600/1000 nwere ike n'ụzọ dị irè na-ebu ndị dị otú ahụ ọzọ.

agbapụ cutoff

The agha oku, anọ na statics na Ọnọdụ. Na nke ikpeazụ, o nwere gbaa, bụ ejighị n'aka. N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ kacha arụmọrụ mode cutoff. Ke adianade do, maka AK-12, ọma pụtara itule nke akpalite: ogwe bụghị n'ihe ize ndụ nke ịbụ tụgharịa-elu na, ke adianade do,-enweta ezi ziri ezi.

Firing ogologo bursts

Nke a na ụdị nke égbè na-eji na mwakpo, ma ọ bụrụ na nke kacha nta na ọnọdụ ricochet mgbọ. Ọtụtụ mgbe, kpara amaghị ebe ọ na-ezo ịgbachitere iro. Firing ogologo-achịkwaghị achịkwa na-enye ohere ya neutralize (ikekwe nwa oge, ọ dịkwa mkpa) na-adịghị na a ntụpọ, na ozugbo - n'ime a ụfọdụ ego nke ohere.

ọgwụgwụ

The ọhụrụ Kalashnikov égbè AK-12 - a ịrịba ama na onye larịị nke ọgbọ, ngwaahịa nke Russian agbachitere ụlọ ọrụ.

Nke a pụrụ ịdabere na-elu-tech agha enen na-ewere KB Kalashnikov. Otú ọ dị, ya nwere magburu onwe ọgụ e ji mara nwere ike na-akpọ naanị static. Dynamics nke ngwa AK-12 (foto agha firing edu ndú, Supra.), M. E. Ya ọgụ irè na-egosipụta na alloy Performance na ikike na nkà nke pesonel. Iji mee nke a, ọ dị mkpa na-template egbu dị ka gbaara, agbapụ omume, ha na-adụ na ijikọta, ụgbọ okporo ígwè agha. Ọ ga-enwe ike bụghị nanị na-n'ụzọ ziri ezi ọkụ, ma ọ bụ ihe amamihe ịdị iche iche ndị égbè ụdịdị "Kalashnikov", dabere na àgwà nke ọgụ ọnọdụ.