Ọdachi mgbagharị "Columbia" February 1, 2003, sị: na-akpata, na ndi oru ugbo

Onye ọ bụla maara na ohere njem metụtara na a elu n'ihe ize ndụ ndụ. Plus àmà nke ahụ bụ ọdachi mgbagharị "Columbia". Ma, n'adịghị ka ndị ọzọ yiri ihe ndị mere, nke a ọdachi bụ n'ihi karịsịa ọtụtụ omimi innuendoes. Ka anyị ka na-ele anya na otú mberede mere mgbagharị "Columbia".

History of ụgbọ mbara igwe "Columbia"

Tupu ị ìhè ikpeazụ ụgbọ elu nke ụgbọ mbara igwe "Columbia", ka anyị na nkenke anya na ya mere eme. Nke a ga-ekwe ka anyị na-amụta ihe banyere nuances nke ọdachi.
The ugboelu reusable ụgbọ mbara igwe "Columbia" wee malite iwu dị ka akụkụ nke NASA omume na 1975. The ọrụ a họpụtara ke 1979.

Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na "Columbia" bụ ndị mbụ ugboelu Space Shuttle mmemme. Nke a na usoro nyere maka njem n'ime oghere iji a ọhụrụ ụdị nke iga - ohere shuttles, udi nke nke dị reminiscent nke ugbo elu Ọdịdị. N'ụzọ dị iche na ugboelu ọgbọ mbụ shuttles nwere ike ime ka ọ bụghị otu, ma a otutu ohere njem. Tupu a, NASA ọkà mmụta sayensị na oru ngwaọrụ nke a yiri na klas na "Enterprise" usoro na-ama n'ime ókè nke ụwa ikuku.

Akpọ mgbagharị "Columbia" na nsọpụrụ nke ụgbọ mmiri, nke ka na mbubreyo XVIII narị afọ, enyoba n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke British Columbia.

Malite were mgbagharị na 1981. Ọ bụ nke mbụ ụgbọ elu, nke mere na American ugboelu maka akpatre 6 afọ. The NASA nhazi ọkwa code nọmba ọ STS-1 e kenyere.

Onye ọ bụla ụdi ụgbọ elu n'ime Space Shuttle omume e kenyere ọzọ nọmba. The ikpeazụ ụgbọ elu nke ụgbọ mbara igwe "Columbia" na 2003, 28 nke na a n'usoro, nwere a Oghere Usoro ọgụgụ ọtụtụ NASA STS-107.

Ihe a haziri nke ụgbọ mbara igwe "Columbia"

Dị ka e kwuru n'elu, ụgbọ mbara igwe "Columbia" Otú ọ dị, dị ka ihe niile ohere mmiri nke ụdị, ụgbọelu nwere a ụdị.

"Columbia" bụ dị iche iche si mgbagharị mere mgbe e mesịrị, arọ arọ na enweghị a modul maka docking. N'ihi ya, ngwaọrụ ike-esonyere ma na "Mir" ebe ọ bụ na International Space Station.

Na-agba ọsọ na ụgbọ mbara igwe e mere site a siri ike roket boosters. E wezụga n'ezie ugboelu na dvuhraketnogo ome osooso gụnyere ke imewe nke ukwuu volumetric mmanụ ụgbọala tank jupụtara na mmiri mmiri oxygen na hydrogen. Rọketi booster nkewa na-ewe ke otu elu nke 45 km na a mmanụ ụgbọala tank - n'ebe ịdị elu nke 113 km.

Orbital rọketi ụgbọelu nwere ogologo nke ubé karịa 37 m, wingspan - banyere 24 m, uka enweghị payload - 68,5 tọn.

Mission STS-107

STS-107 bụ 2003 njem, na 113 ụgbọ elu nke Space Shuttle dị ka akụkụ nke US ohere omume na 28th ụgbọ elu nke ụgbọ mbara igwe "Columbia".

The ozi nke a dị mgbagwoju bụ njem dị iche iche na Earth chọpụtara na microgravity nwere (Extended Duration Orbiter na Freestar). Shuttle "Columbia" (2003) nwere a research modul "SPACEHAB» (SPACEHAB), nke bụ ihe ọzọ ibu arọ. Nke a modul na-eje ozi iji hụ na na-ụgbọ elu na ohere, ndị astronauts ọ pụrụ imezu dị iche iche ọmụmụ.

na ndi oru ugbo

Ugbu a, ka anyị chọpụta ihe kasị nke STS-107 ndi oru ugbo. Ọ gụnyere asaa òtù: ise ndị ikom na ndị inyom abụọ. Six nke ndi oru ugbo nọ US ụmụ amaala, onye na-anọchite anya Israel.

American Astronotu Richard Di bụ ọchịagha nke ndi oru ugbo. Na ụgbọ elu n'oge ọ bụ 45 afọ. Maka Di ọ bụ nke abụọ ụgbọ elu. Ya mbụ njem n'ime oghere mere na 1999 dị ka akụkụ nke STS-96 ozi ụgbọ mbara igwe "Nchọpụta".

Ya compatriot, sorokaodnoletny Uilyam Makkul, jere ozi dị ka ngalaba-pilot. O nwere ogologo ahụmahụ nke ọrụ ke US Navy. McCool bụ ọdụdụ nwa soò na afọ nke ụgbọ elu.

American Astronotu Devid Braun bụ a ozi ọkachamara. 46 afọ Astronotu nwa mbụ n'etiti ndị obodo ya aka ke ụgbọ elu. David Brown nwere a ọgwụ ogo, na o jere ozi dị ka a dọkịta. Dị ka na aga Astronotu maka David bụ nke mbụ ụgbọ elu n'ime ohere.

Iri anọ na abụọ American Indian-mụrụ Kalpana Chawla esesịn nwere ihe karịrị ha n'ubu ahụmahụ nke na-efe efe n'ime ohere. Ọ abuana ke STS-87 njem na 1997, na otu mgbagharị "Columbia", nke ọ bụ na-anwụ anwụ na 2003. Site n'ụzọ, akụkụ mbụ na otu njem Ukrainian cosmonaut Leonid Kadeniuk. N'ihi ya, Chawla ghọrọ nwaanyị mbụ nke Indian si (ezie na ọ bụghị a amaala nke India), nke mere ohere ụgbọ elu. The njem STS-107 ụgbọ elu engineer ọnọdụ o nwere.

N'ihi sorokatrehletnego American Michael Filippa Andersona ọ bụkwa nke abụọ ogologo ụgbọ elu. Ọ wee akụkụ ke njem STS-89 na 1998 na ụgbọ mbara igwe "Gbalịa" tinyere Russian Salizhan Sharipov. Anderson nwere engineering ogo na bụ a US Air Force pilot, na-ebili ahụ n'usoro nke onyeisi. The njem STS-107, ọ bụ ọchịagha nke payload, na bụ maka na nnyocha.

Lorel Klark nwa nke abụọ n'ime ụmụ nwaanyị abụọ bụ ndị so na STS-107 ozi. Ọ bụ American Civil, ọ bụ afọ 40. Ọ bụ dibịa site ọzụzụ, ma ama mgbe abuana ke ohere ọzọ. The njem emezu ọrụ nke ndị ọkachamara na ụmụ anụmanụ.

Israeli amaala Ilan Ramon bụ nke a kpọrọ mba ọzọ ọkachamara NASA. Na ụgbọ elu n'oge ọ bụ afọ 48, ya bụ, ọ bụ onye kasị agadi so ndi oru ugbo. Ramon nwere akwụkwọ ọkachamara na electronic na kọmputa engineering, na bụ pilot nke Israel Air Force. Ọ bụ nke mbụ ya ohere ozi, nke ọ na-akwụ a ọnọdụ nke payload, ie, tinyere Michael Anderson e abuana ke nnyocha. Ke adianade do, ekele a ụgbọ elu nke Ilan Ramon mbụ Israel Astronotu.

Kasị arụ ọrụ òtù bụ ụmụaka.

mmalite

STS-107 njem mere a mmalite na ohere January 16, 2003 si Kennedy Space Center na Cape Canaveral, emi odude ke US steeti Florida. Number igba egbe na mpe mpe akwa - 39-A.

Mgbe na-apụ si mgbagharị kwalie mpempe okpomọkụ-egbochi ihe mkpuchi. Ọ adụ okpomọkụ nchedo taịl n'aka ekpe nku nke shei 'Colombia'. Ma NASA ọkachamara-emeghị ihe n'eziokwu a oké ihe mberede nke nwere ike n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na-agbanwe ụgbọ elu atụmatụ ma ọ bụ na-etinye ndụ nke ndi oru ugbo ndị òtù n'ihe ize ndụ. Ma mgbe e mesịrị, a merenụ hụrụ ka otu n'ime nsụgharị nke na-akpata ọdachi.

ụgbọ elu

Dị ka akụkụ nke ụgbọ elu-arụ ọrụ dị ka a dum nagide ihe aga-eme, na-agụnye ihe karịrị 80 dị iche iche na nkà mmụta sayensị nwere. The njem ahụ were 15 ụbọchị na 22 awa. Nke a bụ ụkpụrụ okwu maka mgbagharị ụgbọ elu na klas ụgbọ mmiri. N'oge a, "Columbia" mere ka 255 revolutions gburugburu Earth a ngụkọta ogologo nke 1.6 nde km. Nke a ụgbọ elu mere gburugburu Earth n'ebe ịdị elu nke 307 km.

February 1, 2003, mgbe na-arụ niile aga-eme na ndokwa oge, na mgbagharị malitere ọdịda usoro.

ọdachi

Olee ihe mere ọdachi a ji ụgbọ mbara igwe "Columbia"?

Na 8 awa 10 nkeji, Eastern Time Central akara ụgbọ elu (DRM) na-enye ohere otu mgbagharị "Columbia" gaba n'elu nke ugboelu ọdịda usoro. Nkeji ise ka e mesịrị, engine na ulo oru orbital achịkwa usoro, nke kwesịrị nyere triga. Mgbe ọzọ ọkara otu awa "DC" bụ na Ụwa ikuku.

Na 8:48 nke ekpe nku ihe mmetụta na-ekwu, ndiiche abawanye thermal arụmọrụ n'ihi na ndị a na-agbaba. Ma data maka ihe ọ bụla mere, e zigara ndị MCC ma ọ bụ gosipụta na-osisi na kọmputa. The naanị iyi nke anyị maara ugbu a banyere abawanye na okpomọkụ bụ a "nwa igbe."

The 8:53 mmalite ada oyi si mgbagharị rekeji. Na naanị a nkeji sensọ PCOS gosiri ọrịa ntutu ịdapụsị mgbanwe kwa. Site n'oge ruo n'oge gburugburu "Columbia" ekiri kwuru na-egbuke egbuke mgbukepụ nke ìhè.

Na 8:58 nke ụgbọ mmiri dapụ thermal mkpuchi taịl nile. Na 8:59 ebipụ ikpeazụ nnọkọ na-ọchịagha nke ụgbọ mbara igwe. Na 9:00 "Columbia" nke elu-igwe na-na-ada iche. Na 09:05 mere ada irighiri na mgbagharị ala na ókèala nke US steeti Texas.

Ebe a bụ ihe dị otú a obere ndepụta nke ihe nke culminates na ọdachi mgbagharị "Columbia". Na ọdachi a, onye ọ bụla nke-arụ ọrụ òtù enweghị ohere na-adị ndụ.

mgbe a ọdachi,

Mgbe okuku, mgbe n'ozuzu okwu na ọ bụ ike na-amata ókè nke merenụ, February 1, 2003 na 11:00 am niile ọkọlọtọ na-lowered n'ime Space Center. Mgbe abụọ na ọkara awa sochiri ukara mara ọkwa nke mberede. ụgbọ mbara igwe "Columbia" ọdachi jere ozi dị ka a mere na-achọ US President George W. Bush mba na 13:05 otu ụbọchị. O kwupụtara mgbaru ka ezinụlọ nke ndị ahụ tara, na-akwụ ụgwọ ụtụ ahụ heroism nke ndi oru ugbo ndị òtù.

Ozugbo okuku malitere search maka foduru nke ụgbọ mmiri ahụ. Eze, ihe karịrị mmadụ 500 so na ha. The search e mgbagwoju anya site na eziokwu na nke mgbagharị gbasaa a pụtara nnukwu ebe, na-ekpuchi ekwu, nke Texas, Louisiana, California, Arizona E hụrụ banyere 12,000 iberibe. Karịsịa, ọ hụrụ a na ngwaọrụ na-anọchi nke igbe oji.

The foduru nke ozu ndị butere ahuru.

Nchọpụta n'ime ndị na-akpata na ubiere

Ná mmalite na-ewere ọtụtụ akpata nke okuku, ma-ekwe omume nke a eyi ọha egwu ozugbo chịrị si, n'ihi nyochawa ọ fọrọ nke nta-agaghị ekwe omume ime. Ọ bụ ezie na otu mgbe na Internet ọbụna a version e kesara, na mgbagharị okuku mere ruru ka iwebata a na kọmputa virus na mgbagharị usoro. Ma nke a version anaghị jide mmiri.

Na N'ezie nke nchoputa nchoputa jụrụ atọ nsụgharị, na mbụ gụnyere isi. On otu n'ime ha, ida bụ n'ihi "ịka nká" nke ndị na-ewu nke mgbagharị. Dị ka ọzọ version, kpatara ihe mberede bụ kwa nkpoda na-egbusi-ntinye nke mgbagharị. N'ụbọchị nke atọ - ọdachi mere ka a n'ihi nke ọdịda nke braking system. Ma, dị ka e kwuru n'elu, na oge dị iche iche ihe, ndị a echiche ajụwo.

E nwere isi ihe abụọ na nsụgharị. On otu n'ime ha okuku mere n'ihi na nke mmebi nke kwes mkpuchi mkpuchi, nke mere ihe ná mmalite nke ụgbọ mbara igwe. Dị ka nke abụọ termopokrytiya mebiri mere na ohere n'ihi na ada ada meteorite.

Na ikpeazụ na mmepụta, nke na-agụ na August 2003, nke mere na mberede mere n'ihi na ọdịda nke ekpe nku nke mgbagharị na-acha uhie uhie na-ekpo ọkụ, haruru penetrated n'ime ya oghere ruru mkpuchi mebiri.

mmetụta

The isi na ya pụta nke ọdachi ukwuu mesiri ike na-arụ ọrụ nche mbipụta NASA ugboelu na crews na ha. Nke a na tesis e karịsịa kọwara n'ụzọ zuru ezu n'ikpeazụ nke 2008 na a pụrụ iche akụkọ NASA.

Ọdachi mgbagharị "Columbia" ụgbọ mbara igwe ọdachi "Challenger" na 1986, nakwa dị ka ọtụtụ nsogbu n'oge ụdi ụgbọ elu-amanye NASA na 2011 ibelata ihe omume Space Shuttle.

ebe nchekwa

Otú ọ dị, ebe nchekwa nke dike nke astronauts, bụ ndị òtù nke ndi oru ugbo nke mgbagharị, o bi n'oge a.

Otu nke Swiss oké nkume mmachi na 2005 tọhapụrụ a song na raara nye a ọdachi. Na na afọ abụọ tupu na party ewu ewu British gbalaga Deep Purple dere song-nraranye, kenyere assignee gbara aka ezinụlọ nke astronauts.

Ọzọkwa na nsọpụrụ nke ụgbọ mbara igwe aha-ya otu n'ime supercomputers, nke na-eji na NASA - Columbia. Otu n'ime ọnụ ọnụ nke Ugwu Kit Carson na Colorado Columbia Point na aha ya bụ.

pụtara ọdachi

Ọdachi mgbagharị "Columbia" bụ na otu oge a ịrịba onu na American ọha mmadụ. O gosiri na unreliability nke mgbagharị ụgbọ elu na dum usoro, nke na-eji site NASA.

Ọ na-a ọdachi bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị mere n'ihi nke a bilitere banyere mmechi nke Space Shuttle mmemme.