Olee ọrụ collection "Changing akara" na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke na-acha ọcha njem?

The ọrụ egwuri site n'akwụkwọ "Changing akara", edemede na-akatọ na akụkọ ihe mere eme na-agbalị chepụta otú anya. Ya n'akwụkwọ bụ ihe mere maka gbawara n'etiti na Russian njem nke mbụ ife.

mkpoko mbipụta

Onye ama ama nke collection e bipụtara na Prague na 1921. Aha ya bụ ihe banyere otu mbipụta "ịrịba", nke bipụtara ndị a ma ama na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Russian njem. Ndị a, bụ ndị gbara ọsọ ndị Soviet ọchịchị , ma ọ bụ ẹsịn na ọ na "nkà ihe ọmụma ụgbọ mmiri" ndị ọkụ na-emegide nke Bolsheviks. Ha gbalịa isi n'ihu ọha uche megide ndị Kọmunist na Europe.

Otú ọ dị, mgbe ndị Old World malitere nnọọ pụọ na-esi nke Mbụ World War. Ọ bụ ezie na kwabatara na nabatara na European n'isi obodo, ọ dịghị pụrụ iche mmetụta na obodo na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ha nwere ike na-enweghị.

Olee ọrụ collection "Changing akara" na njikọ na nke a agatụghị adị ala nke White ije? Ihe ndị gara megide mgbochi Soviet mmetụta akara ke nkà ihe ọmụma ha na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị isiokwu mere nke pro-bolshevist ọnọdụ. Nke a nzọụkwụ ahụ gbanwere ihe ndị mere nke Russian gbara ọsọ na West.

pro-Soviet mbipụta

The ọrụ egwuri site n'akwụkwọ "Changing akara", nwere ike mfe a ga-amata ụdi n'akwụkwọ nke mmeghachi omume si Moscow. E nwere kpebiri iwere ohere iji gbaghaa emegide ha - .. Monarchists, Republicans, wdg The collection ozugbo bipụtara na Soviet Union, ọtụtụ puku akwụkwọ. State-agba ọsọ akwụkwọ akụkọ nwere pụta ìhè eziokwu na ọbụna White njem akpatre ghọtara bụghị naanị meriri ma ideological na-ezighị ezi.

Olee ọrụ collection "Changing akara" maka ndị Russia na Europe onye agbabawo Paris, Prague, Berlin na obodo nke Alaeze nke South Slav? The ije ahụ kewakwara abụọ. Conservative monarchists na disaffected mbipụta nke nduhie mkpọsa, nke ulo oru Soviet ọchịchị, setịpụrụ onwe-nzukọ.

implacability

N'oge na-adịghị echiche na-intransigence. Ụkpụrụ a megidere bilitere Smenovekhovtsy na vozvraschenchestvu. Na-akwado ya na-na-emegide ihe ọ bụla ụdị nkwado na Soviet Union. Ọ ozugbo nweela ewu ewu n'etiti ndị monarchists, na-agbasochi omenala na ndị ọzọ na emigrants anya-nri echiche. Otu n'ime ha bụ dum ndụ J.Randall nke mbụ tsarist oge --eje ozi, ndị ọrụ nche, wdg ...

Isi òtù, na-akwalite echiche nke intransigence, ghọrọ Russian izugbe-agha jikọrọ aka na Chọọchị Ọtọdọks nke Russia ná Mba Ọzọ. Isi nke EMRO ghọrọ ama General Pyotr Wrangel, onye ruo mgbe na-adịbeghị anya nọ na-alụ na Reds n'oge Civil War. Ọ bụ ya na-ẹkenịmde na Crimea, mgbe ọ ngwa ngwa kpọpụrụ ọcha.

The echiche Smenovekhovtsy

The echiche Smenovekhovtsy tumadi dabeere na ụkpụrụ nke ịhụ mba n'anya. Nke akụkọ ihe mere eme ala ya, dị ka iwu ndị na-ekpe nke ụkpụrụ a na-ekewaghị ekewa na-akpata na-eji ire ụtọ niile ahụ na-emegiderịta na Soviet ọchịchị. Ọtụtụ Russian n'ezie chọrọ ịla, na-adịghị ebi ndụ ndụ ha ọbịa Europe. Ya mere Smenovekhovtsy, nakwa dị ka agbara echiche nke intransigence, ọsọsọp a ọtụtụ ndị na-akwado. Nke a usoro accelerated ke 1920 mgbe agha wee daa n'etiti Poland na Soviet ala (chie, nke Union bụghị ma a guzosie ike).

Ọtụtụ ndị a ma ama edemede esonyela agha iji bugote "Changing akara". Collection gụnyere ihe e dere Nikolaem Ustryalovym, Sergeem Chahotinym, Yuri Klyuchnikova na t. D. One nke malite n'akwụkwọ a bụ akwụkwọ bụ "Na-alụ maka Russia", nke e bipụtara na 1920. Ọ bụ mkpụrụ nke ọrụ nke Nikolaya Ustryalova, mgbe o bi na Harbin - isi obodo nke Russian njem na Far East.

atụ Brusylov

Pụtara a collection nke oru nta akuko isiokwu bụ "Changing akara" n'ozuzu rịọrọ ndị ihe ndị dị na Poland. The agha nke mba a na Russia emewo ka akasiaha ịhụ mba n'anya emigrants ná mba ọzọ. Ma n'otu oge ogu bụ positioned na Soviet Republic dị ka mmalite nke ụwa socialist mgbanwe iji na-akwatu bourgeoisie. N'eziokwu, Lenin atụle Russia a rata maka mmeri nke ụwa. Ọ na-ele anya maka nkwado nke European proletariat na spontaneously bilitere na Old World nke Kọmunist ọzọ.

Leftist echiche nke ndị Soviet e nsogbu n'obi ndị dere akwụkwọ bụ "Changing akara". Olee ọrụ ọ na-egwuri maka ịhụ mba n'anya kwabatara? Ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ndị na-akwado nke Soviet Union. Ndị dere akwụkwọ ume-agụ akwụkwọ ya na-echefu banyere nghọtahie na Bolsheviks mgbe osisi bụ akara aka nke Russia onwe ya.

Isi ihe atụ nke a na-agbasa echiche mkpọsa ke ama-General Alexei Brusilov. N'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ, o nyere iwu otu n'ime Western Front. Ya a ma ama kenkwucha itunanya ke Galicia bibie Austrian agha, na n'ezie mere Habsburg enweghị enyemaka abụba nke Germany.

Mgbe abụọ revolutions Brusilov (N'adịghị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ tsarist ọchịagha) nọrọ n'ụlọ. Ọ ọbụna agha ke Soviet agha. Ihe atụ a nwere ọtụtụ ihe na Smenovekhovtsy echiche ghọrọ-ewu ewu na Europe. Ntoputa nke pro-Soviet ije n'ala ọzọ ebe gbawaa ya abụọ agha ahụhụ.