Soviet ike. The oruru nke Soviet ike

Mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke na October mgbanwe, mbụ Soviet ọchịchị ike na ọtụtụ akụkụ nke mba ahụ. Ọ mere na a dịtụ mkpirikpi oge - site March 1918 na ọtụtụ n'ógbè na ndị ọzọ isi obodo na oruru nke Soviet ike gabiga n'udo. Isiokwu a ga-ele anya otú a mere.

The oruru nke Soviet ike

The mbụ mmeri nke revolutionary agha gbanyesiri mkpọrọgwụ na Central ebe. Active agha na n'ihu mgbakọ mata site na ụdi ihe. Ọ bụ ebe a na Soviet ọchịchị malitere-eme ya. 1917 bụ nnọọ ọbara. Na ihe nkwado nke mgbanwe ke Petrograd, na Baltics na isi ọrụ na-egwuri site Baltic Fleet. Site November 1917 na Black Sea-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri merie ndị na-eguzogide nke Mensheviks na SRs, na adiaha a mkpebi nke ghọtara Ndị mmadụ Commissars, gawa site V. I. Leninym. Na nke a, na Far East na North nke mba ndị Soviet ọchịchị emeghị-enweta ihe support. Nke a so mee ka ekemende n'elu aka na ebe ndị a.

Cossacks

Ọ ezu eguzogide. Na Don kpụrụ isi nke ndị agha ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo na-kere na-acha ọcha center. Nke ikpeazụ e gara site ndú nke Cadets na Octobrists Milyukov, Struve na socialist revolutionary Savinkov. Ha mepụtara a na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị usoro. Ha bụ ndị na ihu ọma nke indivisibility nke Russia, na Constituent Assembly, nakwa dị ka ntọhapụ nke mba si Bolshevik ọchịchị aka ike. "White ije" na a obere oge enweta nkwado nke French, British na American diplomatic nnochite anya, nakwa dị ka Ukrainian nzuko omeiwu. Afọ ofufo agha iwe malitere na January 1918. White-eche ha nche mere na iwu nke Kornilov, nke machibidoro ịkpa mkpọrọ. "White ụjọ" malitere na nke a.

Mmeri nke Red-eche ha nche na Don

Ke akpa afọ iri nke January 1918 na Cossack nzuko nke frontline Soviet ọchịchị na-akwado kpụrụ Military Revolutinary Kọmitii. Isi ya ghọrọ F. G. Podtelkov. Behind ya jere ije ọtụtụ ndị Cossacks. N'otu oge ndị Don Red Nche detachments e zigara ha, ha ozugbo wee na-akpasu ya iwe. White Cossack agha nwere agbahapụ na Salsk steppe. Afọ ofufo agha nwekwara kwagara Kuban. Don Soviet Republic e guzobere na March 23.

na Orenburg Cossacks

Ọ na-aga site Ataman Dutov. Ná mmalite November, ọ na-disarmed Orenburg isi ahụ kwuru na nchikota ndi mmadu di. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị Dutov ọnụ na Kazakh na Bashkir mba gaa Verhneuralsk na Chelyabinsk. Site na oge etre njikọ dị n'etiti Moscow na Petrograd na Central Asia na South Siberia. Dị ka mkpebi nke Soviet ọchịchị megide Dutova ha zipụrụ detachments nke Red-eche ha nche nke Urals, Ufa, Samara, Petrograd. Ha na-akwado site na a ìgwè nke Kazakh, Tatar na Bashkir ogbenye. Ke mbubreyo February 1918 Dutova e meriri ndị agha.

See ke mba na mpaghara

Na ndị a n'ókèala, ndị ọchịchị Soviet na-adọlị bụghị nanị na-elebara Government. The revolutionary agha nọ na-agbalị-etipịa ndị na-eguzogide na SR-Menshevik agha na mba bourgeoisie. Na October-November 1917, ndị ọchịchị Soviet meriri Estonia, anọ nkịtị ebe nke Belarus na Latvia. Ọ na-ewute ndị na-eguzogide Baku. Ebe a na Soviet ọchịchị kere ruo August 1918. Ndị fọdụrụ Transcaucasia bụ n'okpuru nduzi nke separatists. Ihe atụ, na Georgia, ike bụ na aka nke Mensheviks, na Armenia na Azerbaijan - Musavat na Dashnaks (petty-bourgeois ọzọ). Site May 1918, n'ókèala nke bourgeois-Democratic Republic e guzobere.

Mgbanwe weere ọnọdụ na Ukraine. N'ihi ya, na Kharkov na December 1917, Ukrainian Soviet Republic e kpọsara. The revolutionary agha ịga nke ọma akwatu Central Rada. Ọ na-eme ka a mara ọkwa guzobe nke Ndị mmadụ nke onwe ha Republic. Ịhapụ Kiev, nzuko omeiwu na-emi odude na Zhytomyr. N'ebe ahụ, ọ bụ n'okpuru nchebe nke German agha. Site March 1918, ndị ọchịchị Soviet ike onwe ya na Central Asia na Crimea, ke adianade na Emirate of Bukhara na Khiva Khanate.

The ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mgba Central mpaghara

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na nke mbụ afọ nke Soviet ike na nnupụisi afọ ofufo agha, e meriri ke isi na mpaghara nke mba ahụ, na etiti nke-emegide ndị na-aga. The njedebe nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mgba bụ akpọkọta nke atọ Congress na Constituent Assembly. Ọ e guzobere a-elebara ọchịchị nke ndị Soviet. Ya kwesŽrŽ na-arụ ọrụ ruo mgbe Constituent Assembly. Na ya ahụ pụta ekewet guzobe usoro ihe ọhụrụ ná mba ahụ na a kwuo uche ndabere. N'otu oge ahụ, na-enwe olileanya maka a Constituent Assembly na pinned na-emegide nke Soviet ike. The Bolsheviks, ọ bụ uru, ebe ọ bụ na ha nkwekọrịta ga-ebibi ọchịchị ntọala militias.

Ozugbo Romanov ama abdicated, ọdịdị nke ọchịchị na mba ga-enwe ike ịmata ndị Constituent Assembly. Otú ọ dị, obere oge ọchịchị yigharịrị ya nkpọkọta. Ọ gbalịrị ịchọta a nnọchi nzukọ, eke a kwuo uche State na nzute na Nga nzuko omeiwu. All nke a bụ n'ihi na ọ maghị Cadets nweta a ọtụtụ. Okpuru na Mensheviks, ugbu a, afọ ju ha itie ke elebara Government. Otú ọ dị, mgbe mgbanwe, ha malitekwara na-achọ ndị akpọkọta nke Constituent Assembly na olileanya ẹkemụm ike.

ntuli aka

Ha okwu e on November 12 site elebara Government. akpọkọta nzukọ ụbọchị a kpebisiri ike dị ka nke January 5, 1918. Erule oge Soviet ọchịchị 2 ọzọ - na Left SRs na Bolsheviks. First pụta dị ka otu nọọrọ onwe ha mkpakọrịta nke mbụ Congress. Ịtụ Vootu wee ebe na party anatara. Oké mkpa nke akụkụ nke hoputara democratically site dum nke Constituent Assembly nke ndị bi. Nsuso na-haziri tupu mmalite nke mgbanwe. Dị ka akụkụ nke Constituent Assembly bụ:

• SRs (52.5%) - 370 oche.
• The Bolsheviks (24.5%) - 175.
• Left SRs (5.7%) - 40.
• Cadets - 17 oche.
• Mensheviks (2.1%) - 15.
• Enes (0.3%) - 2.
• Representatives si dị iche iche na mba mkpakọrịta - 86 oche.

The Left SRs, onye kpụrụ n'oge ntuli aka, ọhụrụ party isonye na ntuli aka ọbụna na a otu ndepụta, nke a haziri tupu mgbanwe. Ha Right SRs gụnyere a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị nnọchianya ya. Site ndị a na ọnụ ọgụgụ na o doro anya na mba ndị bi prefers Bolsheviks, na Mensheviks na SRs - socialist mkpakọrịta, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị na-anọchite anya na Constituent Assembly nke nke bụ ihe karịrị 86%. N'ihi ya, ụmụ amaala nke Russia na-ezi n'ụzọ doro anya ẹkedọhọde oke nke n'ihu ụzọ. Na nke a malitere ya okwu na mmeghe nke Constituent Assembly Chernov - ndú nke Socialist-okpuru. The ntule nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ na-egosi nnọọ n'ụzọ doro anya na akụkọ ihe mere eme n'ezie, ịgọnahụ okwu nke ụfọdụ akụkọ ihe mere eme na ndị bi jụrụ socialist ụzọ.

nnọkọ

Mgbe Constituent Assembly ga--mma ma ọ bụ na a họọrọ ụzọ nke mmepe nke abụọ Congress, na Iwu na Land na ụwa, na-eme nke Soviet ike, ma ọ bụ mgbalị laa azu ya uru. -Emegide, nke nwere a ọtụtụ ná mgbakọ ahụ, jụrụ imebi. Ná nzukọ on January 5, ndị Bolshevik omume a jụrụ, ndị Council nke ọchịchị ịrụ ọrụ na a mma. Na na ọnọdụ, e nwere ihe ize ndụ nke a-alọta SR-bourgeois ọchịchị. Ná nzaghachi, ndị nnọchiteanya nke Bolsheviks, na mgbe ọ na, na Left Socialist okpuru hapụrụ nzute. Ndị fọdụrụ nke òtù ya nọrọ ruo mgbe ise nke ụtụtụ. The ụlọ ezumezu e gara site 160 ndị si 705 Mgbe 5 am na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri-anarchist Zheleznyakov - Head nchedo - bịara Chernov na kwuru, sị: "The nche bụ na ike gwụrụ!". Nkebi okwu a na-akụkọ ihe mere eme. Chernov mara ọkwa na nzukọ yigharịrị echi. Otú ọ dị, na January 6, ndị Central Executive Committee nyere iwu igbari Constituent Assembly. Ọnọdụ apụghị ịgbanwe ma ngosi, nke e haziri site Socialist-okpuru na Mensheviks. E nwere ndị na Moscow na Petrograd, na ọ dịghị ọnụ. Ihe omume ndị a bụ mmalite nke a gbawara n'etiti na socialist ọzọ n'ime abụọ na-emegiderịta ahụhụ.

Ẹkụre see

The ikpeazụ mkpebi banyere Constituent Assembly na ọdịnihu nke ala Ọdịdị nke mba e kuchiri mgbe atọ Congress. January 10 e nwere nzukọ nke Ndị agha 'na Ọrụ. 13 ọ sonyeere ndị nnọchiteanya nke All-Russian Congress nke Nkịtị. Site na oge anyị malitere uhuruchi n'oge Soviet oge.

Ná mmechi

The nzuko mma na iwu na-eme rụrụ, Soviet ọchịchị - Central Executive Committee na CPC, na mgbasa nke Assembly. Ọzọkwa ná nzukọ na-nwapụtara n'usoro iwu ochichi obodo omume na kwadoro na Soviet ọchịchị. Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa nke ha - nkwupụtara "On ikike nke na-arụ ọrụ na-emegbu ndị mmadụ", "On gọọmenti etiti oru nke Republic", nakwa dị ka Iwu na socialization nke ala. The obere ọchịchị nke na-arụ ọrụ na nkịtị e renamed Ndị Mmadụ Commissars. Tupu mgbe ahụ, ndị Declaration na Rights nke ndị Russia. Ke adianade do, CPC chigharịkwuuru mba Alakụba na East na Russia. Ha, n'aka, kwusara ikike na ohere nke ụmụ amaala, dọtara ndị ọrụ dị iche iche ná mba na ndị nkịtị na-akpata socialism ihu ọma. Na 1921, ọ malitere Mint mkpụrụ ego nke ndị Soviet ọchịchị.