ODAB-500PM - olu-detonating ụgbọelu bọmbụ

ODAB-500 bụ a usoro nke aerosol bombs nke Soviet / Russian malite. Aha nke usoro bụ ihe acronym maka okwu ahụ bụ "ahụ-bọmbụ detonating." The ọnụ ọgụgụ na designation egosi arọ nke mgbọ gburugburu. Dị ka ụfọdụ ndị na-akọ, e nwere a usoro nke bombs erikpu 500, 1000, 1100 na 1500 n'arọ.

The usoro nke volumetric gbawara

Nke a na ụdị bombs-eji a onu na nke na-agbawa gas ígwé ojii na-kpụrụ n'oge ozugbo sublimation nke mmiri mmiri na-agbawa agbawa (mgbawa). On a yiri usoro bụ otu ihe gbawara nke ájá n'ígwé ojii, mara ebe ọ bụ nkera nke abụọ nke ndị XIX narị afọ. Mgbe ahụ, anyị dere ọtụtụ voluminous ígwé ojii nke mgbawa nke combustible ájá n'ime ntụ ọka na akwa ọrụ, coal ájá mines na na. D. oge ụfọdụ gasịrị ama ke XX narị afọ, e nwere ihe gbawara nke uzuoku ígwé ojii n'elu mmanụ esetịpụ nke ụgbọ mmiri tanker na ọdọ na refineries na tank ugbo.

Kasị ot explosives na a ngwakọta nke mmanụ ụgbọala na oxidant (ntụ ntụ, n'ihi na ihe atụ, nwere 25% 75% mmanụ a na oxidant) mgbe gas-Alụlụụ ígwé ojii bụ fọrọ nke nta 100% mmanụ ụgbọala iji oxygen si ihere ikuku n'ịwa ufiop, elu okpomọkụ adalatatụ. Na omume, ujo-efegharị efegharị na-emepụta site na ngwa ohere-detonating na munition nwere a ukwu ukwuu ogologo nke ikpughe karịa si ot condensed mgbawa. Ya mere gburugburu bọmbụ budata ọzọ nwere ike (na TNT) ka ot munitions hà uka.

Ma na nduzi na ikuku oxygen, na-eme ha ekwesighi maka ojiji n'okpuru mmiri, na elu elu na na oghom ọnọdụ ihu igwe. Ha na-Otú ọ dị, ime ka a nnọọ ukwuu mbibi mgbe eji na nchọ oghere dị ka tunnels, abaitiat ye bunkers, nwere obere n'ihi na nke oge nke gbawara-efegharị efegharị, nwere obere n'ime ewe dị oxygen. Ike na-ebibi ike nke ndị a bombs bụ nke ọ bụ nanị kenkwucha ngwá agha nuklia.

development History

Volume-detonating bombs e mepụtara site na Germany n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ma ha enweghị oge ka ha mee ka ha ẹkụre. Mba ndị ọzọ na agha oge na-anwalewo na a ngwá agha (dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ala a na-akpọ thermobaric, na na anụ ụlọ media-ejide na-ezighị ezi okwu "agụụ bombs"). Ya na nke mbụ na-eji na Vietnam site United States, nke Otú ọ dị, agọ eziokwu a. The mbụ American thermobaric bọmbụ na-agbawa agbawa mmetụta pụrụ iji tụnyere ozize nke itoolu tọn TNT, ntukwasi 1180 kg na e wepụtara Blu-76B.

Soviet ọkà mmụta sayensị na engineer ngwa ngwa mepụtara ha onwe ha na ngwá agha nke ụdị, nke e mbụ na-eji na ókè-ala-megidere China na 1969 na na Afghanistan megide ugwu echebe Islamist militants. Kemgbe ahụ, nnyocha na mmepe na-aga n'ihu.

ODAB-500 e mepụtara site SSPE "Basalt" na Moscow na 1980s. Ọ e gosiri ọha na eze na akpa 1990s. Na 1995 na ihe ngosi na Paris egosiwo ya gbanwetụrụ version ODAB-500PM. Na 2002, mba ngosi nke ogwe aka Russian Expo ogwe aka. Ọ e gosiri na-awa maka ire a gbanwetụrụ ikuku bọmbụ ODAB-500PMV. mgbọ sales data na-rụrụ site na "Aviaexport" na "Rosoboronexport".

Russian VCS ugbu a dịgasị iche iche nke thermobaric ngwá agha, nke e ji mee ihe na afọ 90 nke agha na Bosnia, Chechnya, ma na-etinyere na N'ezie nke ịwa megide eyi ọha egwu nzukọ na Syria LIH. Dịtụ ọnụ na mfe ịnọgide na-enwe, ngwá agha ndị a ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ na-na ngwá nke ọtụtụ mba.

The mbụ version of bombs

A họpụtara ODAB-500P ma a n'ibu mbọhọ fuze. Algọridim nke ya ime ihe na-agụnye ntọhapụ nke ụta efe efe bombs cable njikota na a na kọntaktị na ngwaọrụ ndú na njedebe. Braking ndú ụwa elu (n'ala ma ọ bụ ihe na-egbochi) na-akpata actuation nke inertial contactor kọntaktị esịne ke electric circuit, mebie bombu casing na ejection n'ime ikuku nke 145 kg nke mmiri mmiri na-agbawa agbawa. Mgbe a nta oge na-egbu oge zuru ezu iji na-etolite a gas ígwé ojii, ọ bụ ghara booster ụgwọ n'ịnyịnya na ọdụ akụkụ, na-amalite ihe ahụ gbawaranụ olu.

The gbanwetụrụ ikuku bombs

Oghere Usoro version ODAB-500PM na radio altimeter nwere ike ama esịn si rụpụtara ụgbọelu si elu nke 200 na 12,000 mita na na gbapụrụ ọsọ nke 50-1500 km / h. Na a elu nke 30 na 50 m drogue parachute na-ejected ime ka iku bombu casing na-akwụsịlata ya ojuju. N'otu oge ahụ na-agba ọsọ na redio altimeter, nke jikoro ozugbo elu n'elu ala nke munition. Na a elu nke 7 9 m bọmbụ ahụ ghara ikwe na, na ikuku sprayed 193 n'arọ nke mmiri mmiri na-agbawa agbawa Nwa-amaghị, whereupon a gas ígwé ojii. Mgbe a na-egbu oge nke 100 na 140 milliseconds bụ n'ihi na ígwé ojii detonates ọzọ ọgbụgba ọkụ ụgwọ. Na gbawara nkenke emepụta a dị nnọọ elu okpomọkụ ma na a mgbali nke 20 ruo 30 na mmanya. ike nke gbawara bụ Olee ihe enyemaka Ẹkot 1,000 n'arọ nke TNT Ẹkot. Irè nso megide ubi wusiri ike -. 25 m maka ụgbọala na ugbo elu, nakwa dị ka ndụ zaa mbio bombs bụ 30 m.

ODAB-500PMV version na kachasị maka ojiji na helikọpta elu bọmbụ na 1100-4000 m na a na-agba nke 50-300 km / h, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere ike sụrụ na ugbo elu, t. E. bụ ihe niile na-elu.

imewe

Bomb ODAB-500 (na ya mgbanwe) nwere a cylindrical ahụ elongated udi na a gburugburu cross ngalaba na ogival n'ọnụ. Na ya n'azụ akụkụ e nwere ebe anọ planar stabilizer, gburugburu nke na-ewekarị ihe annular nku. N'ihu bọmbụ bụ electric usoro cocked. The Central òkè a cylindrical akpa na a mmiri mmiri na dispersing mgbawa ụgwọ. Na n'azụ nke bọmbụ nwere a drogue parachute akpa na wetere abụọ ụgwọ. munition ogologo 2,28-2,6 m, na ibu - si 520 na 525 kg dabere na version. The n'obosara nke ụlọ bụ 500 mm na Ngabiga-nku stabilizer - banyere 500 mm.

"Nna nke niile bombs"

Na September 2007, gara gburugburu ụwa ule gbaa nke ọhụrụ Russian ibu-ike bọmbụ gbawara olu, nke ozugbo nwetara utu aha na isiokwu nke nkebi nke a. Na-akọwa ya ike ibibi, ndị osote onye na-isi nke ndi Russian General Staff Alexander Rukshin kwuru, sị: "All nke dị ndụ nanị anwụ na-amịrị."

Nke a munition natara na media akara ODAB-9000 (irè ruo ugbu a na-amaghị ama) e kọrọ ugboro anọ ndị ọzọ dị ike karịa American thermobaric bombs GBU-43 / B, nke na media mgbe kwuru na dị ka "nne nke niile bombs." Nke a Russian mgbọ ghọrọ onye kasị ike ot (na-abụghị nuclear) ngwá agha n'ụwa.

Power ODAB-9000 bụ Ẹkot 44 tọn TNT iji asaa tọn explosives a ọhụrụ ụdị. N'ihi na ha tụnyere, American bọmbụ nke TNT Ẹkot 11 ise na 8 ise nke mmiri mmiri na-agbawa agbawa.

The ike nke mgbawa na ujo-efegharị efegharị nke Russian bombs ezie na ha nwere a dị nta ọnụ ọgụgụ, ma ka tụnyere na kenkwucha ngwá agha nuklia kacha nta ike (nke bụ iji tụnyere, ma ọ bụghị hà!). N'adịghị ka ngwá agha nuklia, mara maka ya redioaktivu fallout nke ahụ, iji ngwá agha oyụhọ gbawara na-eme ka o kwe omume na-adịghị imebi ma ọ bụ mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi na-abụghị gbawara okirikiri.

Russian bọmbụ obere GBU-43 / B, ma ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ dị ize ndụ, n'ihi na okpomọkụ na etiti nke ya gbawara bụ ugboro abụọ ka elu, okirikiri nke mgbawa nke Russian mgbọ bụ 300 mita, bụ nke na-ugboro abụọ ka ukwuu.