Brest-Litovsk

Ọgwụgwụ nke Brest udo bụ nke atọ na March 1918. nkwekọrịta nke sonyere ndị dị ka ndị a: Russia - mbụ n'akụkụ, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria na Turkey - nke abụọ. Mmetụta nke a udo nkwekorita adịteghị. Ọ dịgidere a obere ihe karịa ọnwa itoolu.

Ọ malitere na nke mbụ mkparita uka na Brest, ebe ndị nnọchiteanya nke Russian Bolsheviks ndị LB Kamenev na Yoffe AA na Mstislavsky SD, LM Karahan Na ikpeazụ nkeji tupu ịhapụ a ókè-ala obodo, e kpebiri na ọ dị mkpa na òkè nke ndị mmadụ. Dị otú ahụ ígwè agha ọrụ, ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri na ọrụ ubi onye araba nnukwu njem. N'ezie, echiche nke otu a n'oge mkparita uka e-atụle na ọ bụghị nanị na-anụ.

N'oge okwu, a chọpụtara site eziokwu na German n'akụkụ, na mgbakwunye na nke bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwado nke udo, chọrọ ngwụsị ya enweghị annexations na indemnities, nakwa dị ka ọkụ n'obi na-eme Russia nri nke mba dị iche iche onwe-mkpebi siri ike, nke mere na-eme atụmatụ iji nweta n'okpuru ya akara Ukraine na Russian Baltic. O doro anya na Russia nwere ike ida na Lithuania, Latvia, Poland na ókèala ndị Caucasus.

The aka n'ime Brest udo di nwa oge truce na ọgụ. Lenin, Trotsky na Sverdlov ndị nchegbu na na ikpe mgbe ọnọdụ nke German n'akụkụ ha wepụ maka ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru, dị ka ọtụtụ ndị Bolsheviks ekwetaghị na iwu nke Vladimir Ulyanov.

Na January 1918 na Brest ẹkenịmde nke abụọ ogbo nke mkparita uka. The mbon na-aga site Trotsky enweghị ọnụnọ nke na-anọchite anya ndị mmadụ. Isi ọrụ a gburugburu so Ukrainian mbon, isi chọrọ nke ga ikwụpu si Austria na Hungarian ala nke Bukovina na Galicia. N'otu oge ahụ na-Ukrainian n'akụkụ achọghị ịmata Russian mbon. N'ihi ya, Russia ka furu efu sonyere Ukraine. N'ihi na Germany, nke ikpeazụ ga-erite uru site na ịtụkwasị na ya n'ókèala a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke n'ụlọ nkwakọba na ogwe aka agha uniforms. Brest udo, n'ihi na nke na-apụghị ime ka iru na-ala, biri na ihe ọ bụla, nke na-ede.

Nke atọ frasi nke mkparita uka, mgbe ndị nnọchiteanya nke Russian mbon Trotsky Ọ jụrụ ịnakwere ndị nnọchiteanya nke Ukraine.

Nke atọ March 1918 Brest udo e banyere. Nke a na nkwekọrịta bụ n'ihi na a jụrụ ajụ nke Russian Poland, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, na Crimea, Ukraine na Caucasus. Tinyere ihe ndị ọzọ, inapu na nsoro na e nyere na Germany, e nyekwara iwu onyinye size of ijeri isii gold akara, nakwa dị ka otu ijeri akara maka emebi German ụmụ amaala, ha tara ahụhụ na N'ezie nke mgbanwe. Austria-Hungary na Germany nwetara n'ụlọ nkwakọba na ogwe aka mgbọ. Brest udo nwekwara eweta Russian nkwa ịdọrọ ya agha si ndị a n'ókèala. Ha ebe e weere site na German agha. Ntụkwasị Agreement ka udo nkwekorita stipulates ọnọdụ akụ na ụba nke Germany na Russia. N'ihi ya, German ụmụ amaala E nyere ha nri ime azụmahịa na Russia, n'agbanyeghị na-agafe ya na usoro nke nationalization.

Brest udo weghachiri tariffs na Germany, guzobere na 1904. N'ihi na ndị na-abụghị ude nke Bolshevik tsarist ji Russia n'okpuru a Agreement e manyere iji gosi ha na mba ndị dị ka Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Turkey na Germany na-amalite na-akwụghachi ụgwọ.

N'ókèala na bụ akụkụ nke a ngọngọ Entente, kwadoghị nke Brest udo, na n'etiti nke March 1918 kwuru ya na-abụghị ude.

Na November 1918, Germany ajụla udo nkwekọrịta. Ụbọchị abụọ gasịrị, sochiri ya kagbuo site Central Executive Kọmitii. A obere ka e mesịrị, ndị agha Germany malitere ịhapụ mbụ Russian ókèala.