Olee otú ntuli aka Germany?

Germany - European onye kwuo uche obodo na a mgbagwoju usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Solutions na mba e nwere ike iwere na gọọmenti etiti na obodo etoju, ọ bụla nke nwere ya onyeisi, ikpe na omebe iwu alaka. Olee otú ntuli aka na Germany? Nke a bụ ihe anyị na-amụta na.

The Federal Republic of Germany

The mba na-emi odude na Western Europe. Ya n'ókè nke North Sea na Baltic Oké Osimiri, gbara Denmark, Czech Republic, Poland, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Belgium, Netherlands na France. Germany bụ a mepere emepe na obodo na a siri ike na aku na uba na elu àgwà nke ndụ.

Ọ bụ akụkụ nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụwa na òtù dị ka European Union, NATO, na "Big asatọ". The obodo nwere 82 nde mmadụ. Official asụsụ - German. The kasị obodo na-Berlin, Hamburg, Cologne, Munich, Bremen, Düsseldorf.

The mba isi obodo - Berlin, Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ gọọmenti etiti ụlọ ọrụ na ministri na-dị na Bonn. Germany bụ onye kwuo uche, iwu, na-elekọta mmadụ ala, a ụdị ọchịchị nke a kọwara dị ka a Omeiwu Republic.

German electoral usoro maka nzuko omeiwu, na-Cabinet, na chancelo na President-ebu ọnụ bụ dị iche iche. The naanị ahu nke na-na-họpụtara kpọmkwem na-ewu ewu votu, bụ nzuko omeiwu. The ike nke ozu na ọnọdụ na-họpụtara ndị e nyere ikike mmadụ.

Germany: Presidential ntuli aka

The President bụ isi nke ala. N'ihi na oge mbụ na post bịara n'afọ 1949. Na February 2017, maka post, ọ hoputara Frank-Valter Shtaynmayer. Ya ukara obibi dị na Berlin na Bonn. The president ntuli aka ẹkenịmde ke Germany ise ọ bụla afọ na-ekwe omume nke onye re-ntuli aka. Otu onye nwere ike na-jide post ugboro abụọ.

The isi ọrụ bụ na-anọchi anya mba ndị na ụwa ogbo, na ọkwa nke bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwado nke iwu, nnwapụta nke post of gọọmenti etiti ọrụ, ndị ọrụ nche, na-ekpe ikpe, nakwa dị ka ndị nomination maka post of chancelo.

Iji jide ntuli aka Germany, kpụrụ a pụrụ iche ahu - na Federal Assembly. Ọ mejupụtara ihe hà ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị òtù nke nzuko omeiwu na ndị si na mpaghara Parliaments. Maka president hoputara nwa akwukwo onye na-anata ndị kasị votes. The mkpebi gābata ike n'elu-ewere iyi.

ntuli aka nke chancelo

The Central Executive ike bụ ọchịchị. Isi ya bụ Federal chancelo. Tọrọ ya n'ubu ya isi ọrụ maka management nke ala, nke mere na udi nke mba na-achị na-akpọkarị chancelo ochichi onye kwuo uche. Ọ na-ekpebi na ụzọ nke Germany kwesịrị ịkpali.

Chancelo ntuli aka na-eburu Bundestag (gọọmenti etiti nzuko omeiwu). Ya ike adịru 4 afọ. Ha nwere ike kwụsị nká mgbe a constructive votu nke dịghị obi ike, ya bụ, mgbe ọtụtụ ndị òtù nke nzuko omeiwu na-aghọta ekwekọrịtaghị chancelo iwu.

The isi nke ọchịchị nwere ike na-etolite na kabinet, chọpụta ihe na-nọmba nke oche na akporo nke na-eje na-eme. Amụma n'ihi na ha mgbasa ma ọ bụ oru ọ na ibido osụk aka President. Ebe ọ bụ na 2005 post of chancelo bụ Angela Merkel.

Bundestag

Higher unicameral ome iwu - nke Bundestag, ma ọ bụ gọọmenti etiti nzuko omeiwu. Omeiwu ntuli aka ẹkenịmde ke Germany ọ bụla afọ anọ. Ọ na-achị ọrụ nke ndị ọchịchị bụ, na adopts iwu, na-ahọrọ ndị chancelo. Omeiwu ozu na-agụnye (na President na ya nọchiri anya eze), na Council of okenye, na kọmitii, òtù, na ochichi na ndị uwe ojii nke Bundestag.

German ntuli aka na-enwe na a gwara ọgwa usoro. Ọkara nnọchiteanya họpụtara kpọmkwem nzuzo vootu, ọzọ na-ewe ebe na anatara nke ọ bụla ala. Ma ndị a n'ụzọ na-metụtara onye ọ bụla ọzọ. The mbụ votu enye mgbazi mejupụtara nke ụmụ irighiri ihe, nke abụọ - na-ekpebi party ike Ọdịdị.

Nzuko omeiwu na-anọchi anya ndị ọzọ ndị na-akwụ ihe karịrị pasent 5 nke votu ma ọ bụ merie na atọ otu-iwu constituencies. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke oche bụ 631 oche maka onye ọ bụla ọzọ na-enwe gbakọọ usoro nke St. Lagyu, dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke votes ha natara na ntuli aka.

The Bundesrat

Federated ọnọdụ nke mba kwuru na mkpebi ndị dị mkpa o mere ka on abụọ etoju: mba (gọọmenti etiti) na mpaghara. The n'ókèala Germany ekewa 16 na-ekwu. Na nke a, Hamburg, Berlin na Bremen bụ a obodo-ala. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere ya nzuko omeiwu, onyeisi na ikpe ike.

n'ógbè mmasị Central nzuko omeiwu, Bundesrat-anọchi anya. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-akpọ nke elu ụlọ, ọ bụ ezie na chie e kweere na otu ulo nzuko omeiwu. The Bundesrat bụ omebe iwu ahu nke na-nwere ikike na-amam na aka ọtụtụ ndị iwu.

Nke a abụghị ihe hoputara ahụ, na-enweghị oge. Ugbu a, ọ bụ 69 ndị mmadụ. Onye ọ bụla nke ọchịchị nke ya zitere site 3 6 ndị mmadụ dabere na ya size. The naanị elective itie ke Bundesrat bụ a post of ya onyeisi oche. The òtù nke ahụ a hoputara ya ruo otu afọ.

Landtag na mpaghara ntuli aka

Nzuko omeiwu ọ bụla ala a na-akpọ Landtag. Ọ bụ ya bụ isi omebe iwu ahụ na mpaghara larịị. All mkpebi na-mere na mechiri emechi Plenum, nke a na ẹkenịmde na òkè nke òtù na nnọchiteanya.

Land kewara n'ime obodo, ime ime obodo na municipalities, nke ọchịchị. Mpaghara ntuli aka na-enwe na Germany, site ntụnyere na mba. Voters votu maka ihe ndị mejupụtara nke district, obodo na obodo kansul, nke a na-akpọ "obodo nzuko omeiwu".