Onyeisi oche nke Presidium nke Kasị Elu Soviet nke USSR - a ndepụta atụmatụ na-akpali eziokwu

Onyeisi oche nke Presidium nke Kasị Elu Soviet nke USSR na, n'eziokwu, isi nke Soviet ala, malite na 1936 na-agwụcha na 1989. N'oge a, ọ bụ ndị kasị elu ọha ụlọ ọrụ dị na USSR. Election nke President mere na a nkwonkwo nzukọ nile nke Chamber wee akụkụ, bụ akụkụ nke Kasị Elu Council.

Ònye bụ Onye mbụ?

Onyeisi oche nke Presidium nke Kasị Elu Soviet nke USSR pụtara na Soviet Union n'afọ 1936. Nke a post e ẹkenam n'okpuru ọhụrụ oruru. N'eziokwu, ha na-na-na-anọchi nke CEC ndú nke Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Ọ bụ aha nke a yiri post n'ihu. N'ezie, ma n'ụlọ na mba ọzọ, onye na-enwe ọnọdụ, e weere ndị isi nke ala. Na na West a na-akpọkarị ndị President nke Soviet Republic.

N'otu oge ahụ na Soviet Union na eze mere ọha isi nke ala. Mkpebi na-mere ịgụnye niile, onye bụ onye òtù nke presidium, na-enweghị isịneke. Ọ bụ nke a ahu ọnụ inye iwu kpebisiri ike mmepe nke na ngwaọrụ na mba ahụ dum, họpụtara na asuan site statesmen, ọ ọdịda iwu na Ọla.

Na nke a, n'ezie, ọtụtụ ndị ike na-aka nke ndị General Secretary nke Soviet Communist Party, bụghị nta njikwa nwere isi nke Council of Ndị mmadụ Commissars.

N'oge nile nke akụkọ ntolite nke USSR post of General Secretary nke Party na onyeisi oche nke Presidium nke Kasị Elu Soviet nke USSR ọtụtụ ugboro e jikọtara. Karịsịa, ndị dị otú ahụ a ọnọdụ chọpụtara na 70 ies n'ikpochapụ nke post na a ole na ole interruptions.

Nke a post a kwụsịrị ahịa mgbe doo nke mgbanwe na mmegharị 1988 oruru nke afọ. All na ike nke presidium gafere na onyeisi oche nke Kasị Elu Soviet nke USSR. Mgbe e guzobere na post of President nke USSR, ndị mmadụ bi a ọnọdụ, e nwere nanị nnọchiteanya ọrụ. Ha tumadi iso ke eziokwu ndị na-eduzi nkwonkwo sessions nke Chambers.

Nke mbụ bụ Mikhail Kalinin

The mbụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mba Soviet Mihail Ivanovich Kalinin were ọnọdụ. Mgbe doo nke oruru nke ekwuola ọ hoputara onyeisi oche na-amalite nnọkọ nke Kasị Elu Council, bụ nke mere ná mmalite nke 1938.

Kalinin bụ a ma ama nnọchiteanya nke revolutionary ije. A ma ama party na ala isi. Ọ bụ adịghị anya mgbe ndị Kọmunist batara ike, ha malitere na-akpọ "All-Russian-elekọta ụlọ mkpọrọ."

Ya mbụ osote onye Kalinin họpụtara Nikolai Mikhailovich Board osote onye Shvernika onye mechara ya na nke a post.

Mgbe agha na Nazi Germany, ọ hụrụ na Kalinin bụ oké ọrịa. Ọ napụla ya ọrụ, bụ nke were Shvernik. Erughị ọnwa atọ mgbe mbụ onyeisi oche nke Presidium nke Kasị Elu Soviet nke USSR nwụrụ na mberede site bowel cancer.

party ọkọbọhọde

Mgbe Kalinin na Shvernika atụgharị na-edu presidium wee a ndekọ maka ogologo nke ọnụnọ ke Politburo nke Central Committee nke Communist Party, agha dike Kliment Voroshilov.

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na Voroshilov ama abuana ke kpụworo ọnwụ ndepụta (ya mbinye aka na-na ndepụta nke 185, dị ka nke a gbara ihe karịrị 18 puku ndị mmadụ), afọ nke Stalin ọnwụ bụ ọ hoputara ọhụrụ onyeisi oche nke Kasị Elu Council. N'aka nke ọzọ, ọ bụ doro anya. Mgbe iwu nke debunking ndị òtù nzuzo nke mmadụ na Soviet Union bụghị ma mere, na achọrọ pụtara na a pụrụ ịdabere na ndị mmadụ n'etiti ndị ndú nke ọchịchị.

N'oge agha na ndị Germany Voroshilov nyere Leningrad Front. Na isi nke presidium nọrọ 7 afọ, mgbe ahụ, ọ nọgidere bụrụ onye so na.

Ezigbo Leonid Ilyich

Na 1960, Voroshilov dochie Leonid Brezhnev. Onyeisi oche nke Presidium nke Kasị Elu Soviet nke USSR, nke na-depụtara n'isiokwu a, ebe ọ bụ na ọtụtụ ugboro ekemende ẹkenịmde na post of general odeakwụkwọ. The mbụ a na ubi ghọrọ Brezhnev, onye ghọrọ Secretary General na 1964. Election Brezhnev onyeisi oche nke Presidium nke Kasị Elu Soviet nke USSR mere mgbe ọ bụ afọ 54.

Na 1964 ọ nọ na-anọchi onye nke kasị ama, nakwa akpa n'oge nke Soviet ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, bụ onye malitere ọrụ ya n'okpuru Lenin, Anastas Mikoyan. Ọ jere ozi na nke a post a ọkara afọ.

Epoch Podgorny

Na December 1965, ndị post a họpụtara Nikolai Podgorny. Onyeisi oche nke Kasị Elu Soviet nke USSR bụ nwa afọ nke Ukrainian Communist Party Committee, nke a na-pụrụ iche na onyeisi ọnọdụ ke ubi nke ìhè ụlọ ọrụ.

Ọrụ ibe mesoo ya dị iche iche. Ka ihe atụ, Mikoyan ozugbo boro ya ebubo ụgha na-eleda anya maka ya. Ọ gwara akụkọ nke otú n'oge agha Podgorny ntụziaka ahụ gbapụ sugar factory na Voronezh. Ize Ndụ ọrụ e mere, ma Nicolai, na-atụ egwu maka ndụ ya, ọ na osisi nke na-gara na a kọrọ na n'otu oge ahụ, ọ bụrụ na ọ chịkwara ndị esi kpọpụ mmadụ nile. Mikoyan ụgha dị otú ahụ ike iguzo.

Podgorny onyeisi oche nke Presidium nke Kasị Elu Soviet nke USSR akwụsịla na-ke 1977, ọ rụsịrị ọrụ na a ọnọdụ maka ihe fọrọ nke nta ka afọ 12. Ya post o furu efu na XXV Congress nke ọzọ, mgbe bịakwutere Brezhnev-atụ egwu na Podgorny, na-ewere uru nke ndị ogbenye ala nke ahụ ike nke Secretary-General, ga-etu ya. Ya mere, n'oge nzuko nke otu òtù ndị na ihu ọma, na Brezhnev jikọtara ma ọnọdụ. N'ihi ya, n'ihi na ọnọdụ, nke bụ isiokwu nke isiokwu a, Brezhnev laghachi. Ọ ghọrọ onyeisi oche nke Presidium nke Kasị Elu Soviet nke USSR (1977 - 1982). Na 1982, ọ nwụrụ. Policy n'oge ahụ isua 75.

N'oge a ọ na-enyere aka Magomet Gettuev, Deputy onyeisi oche nke Presidium nke Kasị Elu Soviet nke USSR.

na ijikọta omenala

Mgbe Brezhnev ghọrọ party omenala ikpokọta post, nke a raara nye isiokwu a, na post of Secretary General nke ọzọ.

Ewezuga Vasiliya Vasilevicha Kuznetsova,-anọ nwa oge ẹkenịmde na post kemgbe November 1982 na June 1983, si February ka April 1984, na site na March na July 1985, a na-emekarị ẹkenịmde nta niile ụdi ndú nke mba Soviet.

The ọchịchị nledo

N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1983, ndị de facto isi nke ala bụ bụbu isi nke Soviet nche akụkụ Yuri Andropov. Otú ọ dị, ifịk ifịk ịrụ ọrụ ha Yuri enweghi ike. N'oge na-adịghị mgbe ya na oru a chọpụtara na ọrịa a ọrịa. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ fọrọ enweghị ịhapụ ụlọ. Ikebịghike enye agabigawo ruru ka akụrụ odida, ya ọtụtụ afọ emekpa site gout.

The adịteghị oge nke Konstantin Chernenko

Na April 1984, ọ na-anọchi Konstantin Chernenko. Ọ chịrị otu afọ na ụbọchị 25, nwụrụ nke obi ọdịda.

mụrụ diplomaati

Na July, 85 afọ post of isi nke presidium were Andrei Gromyko. Andrei bụ a diplomaati, malitere ọrụ ya na party kọmitii tupu agha ahụ, mgbe Malenkov na Molotov. Gromyko anya malitere na-anọchi anya na-ebute ọdịmma nke Soviet Union na ọtụtụ ihe dị mkpa na mba òtù - Nche Council na UN.

Mgbe ahụ, nke fọrọ nke nta ka afọ 30, edu Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Ọ bụ oge nke ya diplomatic ọrụ bịara ikekwe kasị ufiop nkebi "oyi" agha. Relations na United States na nucleated North Atlantic Alliance bụ onye kasị ukwuu. Otu mkpa naanị na-echeta na ná mmalite 60s ụwa nọzị na verge nke na-amalite a agha nuklia. Otú ọ dị, ndị ndú nke USSR na USA na ọgwụgwụ ekweghị ka ya onwe ya na-egbu egbu n'ezie ihe omume. Ọrụ dị mkpa a na-egwuri site na-ekwuchitere mba emi ada ndị a Filiks.

Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na obere oge tupu ya oru na plenum nke Central Committee nke Soviet Communist Party bụ Gromyko chọrọ maka post of odeakwụkwọ izugbe nke-eto eto, mgbe ahụ, a nta mara Mihaila Gorbacheva.

Gorbachev natakwara mbụ post na otu, asuan Gromyko si Ministry of Foreign Affairs. N'ịhọpụta a-eto eto na ekwe, o yiri ka ya, Eduard Shevardnadze. Gromyko otu nloghachi natara post of onyeisi oche nke Presidium nke Kasị Elu Soviet, nke site na oge fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam furu efu ya onwe na mkpa. N'eziokwu, Gromyko arụ ọrụ dị ka a agbamakwụkwọ n'ozuzu.

The ikpeazụ onyeisi oche nke Presidium nke USSR Supreme Soviet

Gromyko nọchikwara ya dị na post site Mikhail Gorbachev. Ọ ghọrọ onyeisi oche nke Presidium nke Kasị Elu Soviet nke USSR (1985 -1988). First Deputy a họpụtara dị ka a ma ama na otu onye ndú Anatoly Lukyanov, pụtara ìhè mgbe e mesịrị ka akụkụ nke kuu, ma amnestied mkpebi nke President Boris Yeltsin na Russia, nakwa dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na ndị òtù nke kuu.

Site na oge, Ọnọdụ bịara ka njọ na ọtụtụ mba mba. Youth Gara okwu megide ndị ọchịchị Kazakhstan, ugbua bilitere Karabakh na Georgian-South Ossetian esemokwu. Ọ ka njọ ọnọdụ na Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Georgia na Transnistria. Nsogbu ahụ bụ ọnọdụ na ọtụtụ ndị mba Soviet.

N'otu oge Gorbachev mere ịrịba nzọụkwụ kwupụta mkpebi nke Agha Nzuzo. Karịsịa, ebighi-ebi kpọmkwem nnapu mgwoagha nkwekọrịta e banyere. Ndị a gụnyere eziokwu ahụ bụ na mba ga-tufuo intermediate- na mkpumkpu-nso agba. Ya mbinye aka na nkwekọrịta na-etinye US President Ronald Reagan.

Otú ọ dị, onye kwuo uche mgbanwe na incipient nhazigharị na-adịghị ekwe Gorbachev kwa ogologo na ike. Ma n'ezie ọnọdụ nke onyeisi oche nke Presidium nke Kasị Elu Soviet anya, e kagburu. Ya mere Gorbachev ikpeazụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mgbe mere ya.

Nke ahụ bụ ihe ọkwá ọ ẹkenịmde ke iche iche afọ:

• Mikhail Kalinin;
• Nikolai Shvernik;
• Kliment Voroshilov ;
• Leonid Brezhnev;
• Anastas Mikoyan;
• Nikolai Podgorny;
• Vasily Kuznetsov;
• Yuri Andropov;
• Konstantin Chernenko;
• Andrei Gromyko;
• Mikhail Gorbachev.

Na ebe nke onyeisi oche nke Presidium nke USSR bịara president. Ha ghọrọ Gorbachev onwe ya. Ma mgbe ahụ Boris Nikolaevich Eltsin onye gbanwere ọtụtụ peeji nke Russian akụkọ ihe mere eme.

N'ikpeazụ, isi nke ala Gorbachev onwe ya pụọ na 1991, mgbe ukara bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwado nke Bialowieza nkwekọrịta na cessation nke ịdị adị nke USSR.