Oscillating circuit - nke a bụ ... The ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe

Oscillating circuit - a ngwaọrụ nke na-amụba (eke) nke akpa oscillations. Si ya inception ruo ugbu a ọ na-eji ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na nkà na ụzụ ebe sitere na site kwa ụbọchị ndụ na nnukwu ụlọ mmepụta ihe na-amị nnọọ iche na ngwaahịa.

Of ihe ọ iso?

The oscillation circuit agụnye a eriri igwe na a capacitor. Ke adianade do, e nwekwara ike ịbụ ugbu resistor (agbanwe eguzogide mmewere). An inductor (ma ọ bụ solenoid, dị ka ọ na-akpọ mgbe ụfọdụ) bụ a mkpanaka na nke windings na-emerụ ọtụtụ n'ígwé, nke na-adịkarị bụ a ọla kọpa waya. Ọ bụ nke a mmewere emepụta oscillations na oscillatory circuit. A mmanya, emi odude ke ufọt, mgbe mgbe, a na-akpọ ịkpagbu, ma ọ bụ isi, na eriri igwe na-akpọ mgbe ụfọdụ a solenoid.

oscillating circuit eriri igwe emepụta oscillations naanị ma ọ bụrụ na-echekwa ego. Mgbe agafe a ugbu a site na ya, ọ accumulates a ụgwọ nke ahụ na-enye ndị circuit mgbe voltaji tụlee.

eriri igwe wires n'ozuzu nwere a nnọọ ala na-eguzogide, nke mgbe nile na-anọgide mgbe nile. The oscillation circuit circuit abụkarị mgbanwe voltaji na amperage. Mgbanwe a bụ isiokwu ụfọdụ mgbakọ na mwepụ iwu:

• U = U ₀ * cos (w * (TT _0), ebe
  U - voltaji n'oge t,
  U ₀ - voltaji na oge t _0,
  w - ugboro akpa oscillations.

Ọzọ dị mkpa akụrụngwa nke circuit bụ ihe ọkụ capacitor. Nke a mmewere mejupụtara abụọ efere nke ndị na-iche site a dielectric. Ọkpụrụkpụ nke oyi akwa n'etiti electrodes bụ ihe na-erughị ha size. Nke a imewe na-enye ohere imubanye na-insulator electric ụgwọ, nke ị nwere ike ahụ eziga ndị na circuit.

N'adịghị ka capacitor batrị bụ na ọ dịghị akakabarede nke bekee site eletrik, na e nwere a kpọmkwem ìgwè ụgwọ na-electric ubi. N'ihi ya, site na capacitor nwere ike ịbụ nnukwu iji imubanye-ndebe, nke nwere ike e nyere niile otu mgbe. Na nke a, na nke ugbu a na circuit na-ukwuu ụba.

Ọzọkwa, oscillation circuit mee nke otu ihe mmewere: a resistor. Nke a mmewere nwere a na-eguzogide ma na-achịkwa na nke ugbu a na voltaji na circuit. Ọ bụrụ na a mgbe nile voltaji ntọt eguzogide nke resistor, nke ugbu a ga ibelata site Ohm iwu:

• M = U / R, ebe
  M - ugbu a,
  U - voltaji,
  R - eguzogide.

inductor

Ka anyị lebakwuo anya na niile nkọwa nke inductor na mma ga-aghọta ya ọrụ na resonant circuit. Dị ka anyị kwuru, ndị na-eguzogide nke a mmewere nēche efu. N'ihi ya, mgbe jikọọ a DC circuit ga-eme na-adịghị circuiting. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na eriri igwe jikọọ na AC circuit, ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi. Nke a na-eduga ná nkwubi okwu bụ na mmewere nwere a iguzogide nwetụ ugbu a.

Ma n'ihi gịnị ka nke a na-eme na otú ndị na-eguzogide-adị mgbe ihe nwetụ ugbu a? Iji zaa ajụjụ a dị mkpa ka anyị na-atụgharị na onu nke onwe-inductance. Na Itie nke eriri igwe ugbu a na ya na e ihe electromotive ike (EMF), nke na-emepụta ihe na-egbochi nke ugbu a mgbanwe. The ịdị ukwuu nke ike na-adabere abụọ ihe: na eriri igwe ugbu a na emepụta na-akwanyere oge. Mathematically, a na nduzi a na-egosipụta site na akụkụ:

• E = -L * m '(t), ebe
  E - EMF,
  L - inductance uru nke eriri igwe (n'ihi na onye ọ bụla eriri igwe bụ dị iche iche na-adabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke windings nke coils na ha ọkpụrụkpụ)
  M '(t) - oge emepụta nke ugbu a (ugbu a mgbanwe ọnụego).

DC Power karịrị oge na-agbanwebeghị, otú ya iguzogide mgbe ọ gụrụ bilie.

Ma AC ya nile kwa-agbanwe mgbe nile na a sinusoidal ma ọ bụ cosine iwu, na-eme electromotive ike, nke na-egbochi mgbanwe ndị a. Nguzogide dị otú a na-akpọ itinye n'ọkwa na gbakọọ usoro:

• X _L = w * _L, ebe
  w - ugboro oscillation circuit,
  L - inductance nke eriri igwe.

The ugbu a siri na solenoid linearly enwekwu na mbelata dị ka dị iche iche iwu. Nke a pụtara na ọ bụrụ na ị kwụsị eruba n'ime ugbu a na eriri igwe, ọ ga-anọgide na ruo oge ụfọdụ na-enye ihe-ndebe na circuit. Ma ọ bụrụ na a inikiet inikiet ịkwụsịtụ eruba nke ugbu a, e nwere ga-gbara si eziokwu na ihe-ndebe ga na-agbalị-esi na-ekesa eriri igwe. Nke a bụ - a oké nsogbu na ulo oru mmepụta. Nke a pụrụ isi kwuo ya (ọ bụ ezie na kpamkpam metụtara oscillation circuit) pụrụ hụrụ ka ihe atụ, mgbe wepụ nkwụnye si anya. Na nke a skips ebua ke na ndị dị otú ahụ a ọnụ ọgụgụ enweghị ike imerụ onye. Ọ bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na ndọta-adịghị akwụsị ozugbo, ma jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ agamevu, inducing okwukwo na ndị ọzọ na-eduzi. Ke ulo oru ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ugbu a ike ọtụtụ ugboro ibu karịa anyị na-emebu 220 volts, otú ahụ nkwụsị na mmepụta yinye nwere ike ime ka ikerike dị otú ahụ a ike ga-eme ka a otutu ihe ojoo na ma osisi na nwoke.

Eriri igwe - bụ ntọala nke na site na nke oscillation circuit bụ. Inductor gụnyere solenoids sequentially kwukwara. Ọzọ, anyị na-elerukwu anya na niile nkọwa nke ihe owuwu nke na mmewere.

Gịnị bụ inductance?

Inductance eriri igwe oscillating circuit - bụ onye oke na bụ numerically hà electromotive ike (na volts), nke pụtara na a circuit mgbe ugbu a mgbanwe nke 1 A 1 abụọ. Ọ bụrụ na ndị solenoid na jikọọ na a DC circuit, ya inductance akọwa ike nke a ndọta, nke na-kere a ugbu a site na nke usoro:

• W = (L * m ²⁾ / 2, ebe
  W - na ndọta ike.

inductance ọnụọgụ na-adabere na ọtụtụ ihe: na jiometrị nke solenoid, magnetik e ji mara nke isi na nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị coils waya. Akụkụ ọzọ nke a na-egosi bụ na ọ bụ ziri ezi mgbe nile, n'ihi na variables na nke ọ dabeere, ọ nwere ike ịbụ na-ezighị ezi.

The inductance nwekwara ike kọwaa dị ka a ihe onwunwe nke a na-eduzi ya na a ugbu a store ike na a ndọta. Ọ tụrụ na Henry (aha mgbe American ọkà mmụta sayensị Dzhozefa Genri).

Ọzọkwa solenoid oscillation circuit mejupụtara a capacitor, nke a ga-atụle dịrị gaba n'ime ebe.

electric capacitor

Capacitance kpebisiri ike site oscillator circuit capacitance eletriki capacitor. Ọdịdị ya e dere n'elu. Ugbu a Ka anyị tụlee physics nke Filiks na-erukwa na ya.

Ebe ọ bụ na capacitor efere na-mere nke a na-eduzi ya, mgbe ahụ, ọ nwere ike igba eletrik. Otú ọ dị, n'etiti abụọ dị mbadamba ihe mgbochi. Insulator (ha nwere ike ịbụ ikuku, osisi ma ọ bụ ọzọ na ihe onwunwe na-elu-eguzogide N'ihi na eziokwu na-elekọta ike na-esi n'otu nsọtụ nke waya na nke ọzọ, e nwere ihe ìgwè ọ na capacitor efere otú enwekwu ndị magnetik na electric ike. ubi gburugburu ya. N'ihi ya, na nchupu-ndebe wee niile ọkụ eletrik na-akwakọba na efere, na-amalite na-ebute site ná ndị circuit.

Onye ọ bụla capacitor nwere a gosiri voltaji, ezigbo n'ihi na ya na ime. Ọ bụrụ na ị ogologo na-erigbu ndị mmewere na a voltaji elu karịa elu ọnụ, nke ndụ a na-ukwuu belata. The capacitor nke oscillatory circuit bụ mgbe niile na-emetụta okwukwo na Ya mere mgbe họrọ kwesịrị nnọọ anya.

Ke adianade ot capacitors, nke na-atụle, e nwekwara electric abụọ oyi akwa capacitors. Nke a bụ a ihe mgbagwoju mmewere: ya nwere ike kọwara dị ka a cross n'etiti a batrị na a capacitor. A, dielectric na electric abụọ oyi akwa capacitors bụ organic bekee, n'etiti nke bụ ihe electrolyte. Ha mepụta electric abụọ oyi akwa, nke na-enye ohere imubanye na a haziri mgbe ụfọdụ ike karịrị ike a ot capacitor.

Gịnị bụ ike nke a capacitor?

Capacitance nke capacitor bụ ruru nke capacitor ụgwọ a voltaji na nke ọ na-emi odude. Gbakọọ a uru pụrụ ịbụ nnọọ mfe na-enyemaka nke a mgbakọ na mwepụ usoro:

• C = (e ₀ * S) / d, ebe
  e ₀ - dielectric mgbe nile nke dielectric ihe onwunwe (tabular uru)
  S - nke ebe capacitor efere,
  d - na anya n'etiti efere.

The ndabere nke capacitance nke capacitor na anya n'etiti electrodes na-kọwara site onu nke electrostatic itinye n'ọkwa bụ ihe na-erughị ihe dị n'etiti efere, ka ha na-emetụta onye ọ bụla ọzọ (coulomb), nke ukwuu ụgwọ electrodes na obere nchegbu. Ma mgbe voltaji uru nke ike na-abawanye, ebe ọ nwekwara ike-kọwara ndị na-esonụ usoro:

• C = q / U, ebe
  q --ndebe na coulombs.

Ọ bụ ikwu banyere nkeji nke n'ihe a ibu. Capacitance tụrụ na farads. 1 farad - zuru ezu nnukwu uru, ka ẹdude capacitors (bụghị supercapacitors) nwere a capacitance tụrụ na picofarads (otu trillionth farad).

resistor

The ugbu a na resonant circuit na-adaberekwa na-eguzogide ndị circuit. Ma e wezụga abụọ kọwara ọcha nke na-elu ihe oscillating circuit (eriri igwe, capacitor), na e nwere a atọ - a resistor. Ọ bụ maka na-eke ikpuru. Resistor si dị iche ná ndị ọzọ ọcha na na ọ nwere nnukwu na-eguzogide, nke nwere ike iche na ụfọdụ ụdị. The resonant circuit ya arụ ike akara ọrụ nke ndọta. Ọ bụ ike jikọọ ọtụtụ resistors na usoro ma ọ bụ ihe yiri ihe, si otú amụba na-eguzogide ndị circuit.

Ndị na-eguzogide nke a mmewere na-adaberekwa na okpomọkụ, otú na-elekọta kwesịrị iwere ya na-arụ ọrụ sekit, ebe ọ bụ na-ewe iwe mgbe Itie ugbu a.

Ndị na-eguzogide na-tụrụ na ohms, na ya bara uru nwere ike gbakọọ na iji usoro:

• R = (p * l) / S, ebe
  p - ihe resistivity resistor (tụrụ na (ohm * mm ²⁾ / m);
  l - ogologo nke resistors (na mita);
  S - sectional ebe (na square millimeters).

Olee otú tie a loop kwa?

Ugbu a, anyị na-abịa nso na physics nke ọrụ nke oscillatory circuit. N'ime oge ndebe na capacitor efere agbanwe dị ka nke abụọ-iji esi akụkụ.

Ọ bụrụ na ị saa a akụkụ, ọ na-egosi ụfọdụ na-akpali formulas akọwa Filiks na-erukwa na circuit. Dị ka ihe atụ, a cyclic ugboro nwere ike kwupụtara na okwu nke capacitance na inductance.

Otú ọ dị, ihe ndị kasị dị mfe usoro na-enye ohere gbakọọ ọtụtụ unknowns - Thomson akụkụ (aha mgbe British physics William Thomson, onye mere ya na 1853):

• T = 2 * f * (L * C) ^1/2.
  T - n'etiti akpa oscillations,
  L na C - ya, na inductance nke oscillating circuit eriri igwe na a capacitance circuit mmewere,
  n - ọnụ ọgụgụ pi.

quality akpata

E nwere ihe ọzọ dị mkpa nke ukwu e ji mara mgbe ngwe nke ọrụ - àgwà na-akpata. Iji ghọta ihe ọ bụ, ị ga na-ezo aka na nke a dị ka a resonance. Nke a na onu, nke njupụta na-aghọ ndị kacha ike na a mgbe nile uru, nke bụ a Ngabiga support. Resonance nwere ike ịkọwa na a mfe atụ: ọ bụrụ na ị na-amalite inupụ siwing na kwaa nke ha ugboro ole, ha ga-accelerated, na ha "njupụta" ga-amụba. Ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-asọ na kwaa, ha ga-akwụsịlata. Na resonance, mgbe mgbe dissipates a ezigbo ike. Iji-enwe ike gbakọọ uru nke ọnwụ, anyị mepụtakwara a oke dị otú ahụ dị ka àgwà na-akpata. Ọ bụ a ọnụọgụ hà ruru nke ike, emi odude ke usoro, na weere na-ewere ọnọdụ n'oge okirikiri na circuit.

circuit quality akpata na gbakọọ dị ka usoro:

• Q = (w ₀ * W) / P, ebe
  w ₀ - resonance angular ugboro ole nke oscillations;
  W - ume echekwara jijiji usoro;
  P - ike dissipation.

Nke a oke - dimensionless kemgbe n'ezie na-egosi na ike ruru: echekwa maka nọrọ.

Gịnị bụ ezigbo oscillating circuit

N'ihi na a mma nghọta nke usoro na usoro nke physics wee na-akpọ ezigbo oscillating circuit. Nke a bụ a mgbakọ na mwepụ nlereanya na-anọchi anya circuit dị ka a usoro na efu eguzogide. Na ya na e nwere undamped harmonic oscillations. Nlereanya a na-enye ohere iji nweta ihe ndika usoro ngụkọta oge circuit kwa. Otu n'ime ndị a parameters - ngụkọta ike:

• W = (L * m ²⁾ / 2.

Dị otú ahụ simplification ukwuu ngwangwa mgbawa na-ekwe ka inwale circuit e ji mara na preset e ji mara.

Olee otú ọ na-arụ ọrụ?

All oscillating circuit ọrụ okirikiri nwere ike kewara abụọ n'akụkụ. Ugbu a, anyị ga-ahụ kpọmkwem Filiks na-ewere ọnọdụ ọ bụla akụkụ.

• Akụkụ nke mbụ efere capacitor, ebubo ghaghị, na-amalite ihapu, na-ejere nke ugbu a na circuit. N'oge a, na nke ugbu a na-aga site a mma ka a na-ezighị ezi ụgwọ, mgbe agafe eriri igwe. N'ihi ya, akpa vibrations-erukwa circuit. Ugbu agafe site eriri igwe, ọ na-akwali ka a abụọ efere na ebubo ya ghaghị (ebe mbụ electrode, nke ugbu a na-aga, na-ezighị ezi na ebubo).
• The abụọ na-adọ na-ewe ebe na-abụghị usoro. The ugbu a na-aga site na mma efere (nke na mbu ọjọọ) na-adịghị mma, na-agafe ọzọ site eriri igwe. Na niile ebubo ịdaba ebe.

The okirikiri na-ugboro ugboro ka ogologo dị ka capacitor na ebubo. Na ezigbo resonant circuit usoro a enweghị nsọtụ, na ezigbo ike na ọnwụ bụ apụghị izere ezere n'ihi na dị iche iche ihe: na kpo oku na-adị n'ihi na ịdị adị nke ndị na-eguzogide na circuit (Joule okpomọkụ), na dị ka.

Embodiments circuit imewe

Ke adianade mfe na sekit na sekit na "eriri igwe-capacitor" na "eriri igwe-resistor-capacitor", e nwere ndị ọzọ nhọrọ, iji dị ka ihe ndabere oscillation circuit. Nke a, ka ihe atụ, a yiri circuit nke e ji na na e nwere ihe mmewere circuit (n'ihi na dị ka ọ dị adị naanị, ọ ga-abụ a usoro sekit na nke a tụlere n'isiokwu).

E nwekwara ndị ọzọ ụdị ewu, gụnyere dị iche iche ọkụ mmiri. Ka ihe atụ, ọ bụ ike jikọọ na netwọk transistor nke ga-emeghe ma na-emechi circuit na a ugboro ole hà oscillation ugboro nke circuit. N'ihi ya, usoro ga-wụnye undamped oscillations.

Ebe oscillation circuit na-eji?

The kasị maara anyị ojiji nke mmiri nke circuit - ya electromagnets. Ha, n'aka, na-eji ígwè okwu intercom na usoro, Motors, sensọ, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-erughị ot ebe. Ọzọ ngwa - oscillator. N'ezie, ọ bụ ojiji nke circuit bụ nke ọma anyị: a na ụdị, ọ na-eji na ngwa ndakwa nri ike ebili mmiri na mobile na wireless nkwurịta okwu na-ekesa ozi a anya. All nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na oscillations nke akpa ebili mmiri nwere ike itinye na koodu na ndị dị otú ahụ a ụzọ na ọ ga-ekwe omume na-ebunye ọmụma karịrị anya.

Inductor onwe ya ike ga-eji dị ka ihe mmewere maka transformer, abụọ coils dị iche iche na nọmba nke windings nwere ike gabiga akpa ubi ha ụgwọ. Ma, dị ka solenoids e ji mara iche, na ugbu a na ọnụ ọgụgụ na abụọ na sekit na sekit, nke na-ejikọrọ na abụọ inductance ga ịdị iche iche. N'ihi ya, otu onye nwere ike tọghata voltaji na ugbu a, na-ekwu 220 volts na ugbu a na a voltaji nke 12 volts.

ọgwụgwụ

Anyị akowaputara ụkpụrụ nke oscillating sekit na nke ọ bụla iche iche. Anyị mụtara na oscillating circuit - a ngwaọrụ iji n'ịwa akpa ebili mmiri. Otú ọ dị, nke a bụ naanị ihe ndị bụ isi nke mgbagwoju na-arụzi ụgbọala ndị a, yiri mfe ọcha. Mụta ihe banyere intricacies nke circuit na ya mmiri nwere ike ịbụ site pụrụ iche akwụkwọ e ji amụ.