Dielectric permeability

Ọdịdị nke polarizability nke ihe a na-eji uru pụrụ iche, nke a na-akpọ permittivity. Tụlee ihe uru a bụ.

Ka anyi chee na odidi di nma n'etiti uzo ebubo abuo bu ihe dika E . Ugbu a mejupụta ọdịiche dị n'etiti ha na onye ọ bụla na-anwụ anwụ. Electric ebubo, nke ga-egosi na ókè n'etiti dielectric na-eduzi n'ihi na nke polarization mmetụta ikpe emebi ihe ebubo na efere. M ike nke ubi a ga-abụ ihe na-erughị ike E.

Ahụmahụ na-egosi na mgbe ọdịiche dị n'agbata efere jupụtara kpamkpam na nkụzi nha nhata, ogwe aka ga-adị iche. Ya mere, ịmara uru nke ike eletrik dị n'etiti efere na enweghị onye insulator E na n'ihu onye insulator E, ya nwere ike ịdabere, ya bụ, nwere ike kpebisie ike. Ya na-anwụ anwụ mgbe niile. Njirimara Greek bụ ԑ (epsilon) na-ekwukarị uru a. Ya mere, anyị nwere ike ide:

Ԑ = E₀ / E.

Permittivity na-egosi otú ọtụtụ ugboro ubi ike nke ihe-ndebe data na insulator (homogeneous) na-na-erughị na vacuo.

Mbelata nke ike mmekọrịta n'etiti ebubo bụ n'ihi usoro nhazi nke onye na-ajụ. Ke electric ubi, electrons na-edebe irighiri na-ebelata na-akwanyere ndị ion, na e nwere a dipole oge. Ee. Mkpụrụ ndụ ndị ahụ nwere oge nke aka ha (akpan akpan akụrụngwa mmiri) na-adabere na mpaghara eletrik. Oge ndị a na-emepụta ogwe ọkụ eletrik ha, na-eguzogide ubi nke mere ka ọdịdị ha pụta ìhè. N'ihi ya, ọnụ ọgụgụ eletrik niile na-ebelata. Na obere ubi a na-akọwa ihe a site n'echiche nke dielectric permittivity.

N'okpuru ebe a, enwere ike ịdị na-anwụ anwụ mgbe niile dị na ihe dị iche iche:

Ikuku ......................................... .... 1,0006

Paraffinning .............................. .... 2

Plexiglas (plexiglass) ... 3-4

Ebonite ......................... .. ... 4

Okoonu ................................. .... 7

Glass ................................................................. .4-7

Mica ................................. ... .4-5

Ebube okike ............ 4-5

Echere .............................. 6-7

Amber .............................. ... ...... 12.8

Mmiri .................................... ... .81

Ụkpụrụ ndị a nke dielectric permittivity nke ihe na-ezo aka na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na nso nke 18-20 Celsius C. Ya mere, ọ bụrụ na ndị na-adịghị ahụ maka mmiri na-agbanwe agbanwe, ọ na-adịchaghị mma na okpomọkụ, ma e wezụga ígwè ígwè.

N'ụzọ dị iche, ọ na-ebelata na gas site na mmụba na okpomọkụ ma na-abawanye na njikọ na mmụba nrụgide. Na omume, nke dielectric mgbe nile nke ikuku na-iwere dị ka otu onye.

Mmetụta dị ntakịrị na-enwechaghị mmetụta na ọkwa nke dielectric permittivity nke mmiri.

Ọ bụrụ na mmadụ abụọ enweghi ike ikwu ebubo na a na-etinye ya na dielectric, mgbe ahụ, ike nke ubi nke ọ bụla n'ime ebubo ndị a na-achọ ịchọta ụgwọ ọzọ na-ebelata site na otu isi nke ԑ. Site na nke a, ọ na - esote na ike nke ebubo ndị a na - emekọrịta ibe ya bụkwa obere oge. Ya mere, Coulomb iwu maka ebubo enịm ke dielectric e nyere site na:

F = (q₁q₂) / (ԑₐr²).

na SI nkeji :

F = (q₁q₂) / (4πԑₐr²),

Ebe F bụ ike nke mkparịta ụka, q₁ na q₂, bụ ebubo, ԑ bụ njedebe zuru oke nke ọkara, na r bụ nkwụsị n'etiti ụtụ isi.

Uru nke ԑ nwere ike gosipụta na nkeji na nkeji nkeji (na-adabere n'ikike nke dielectric permittivity nke mmiri ԑ₀). A na-akpọ ọtụtụ ԑ = ԑₐ / ₀ na ikikere kwere ekwe. Ọ na-ekpughe ugboro ole njikọ nke dị n'etiti ebubo na njedebe na-enweghị ngwụcha na-adịghị ike karịa na agụụ; A na-akpọkarị Ԑ = ԑₐ / ԑ₀ elekorita nke dilectric. Ọnụ ọnụọgụ abụọ nke ԑ₀, yana ọdịdị ya, na-adabere na usoro usoro nke ahọpụtara; Uru nke ԑ adịghị adabere. Ya mere, na usoro CASEC, ԑ₀ = 1 (nke a bụ akụkụ anọ nke isi); Na usoro SI, a na-egosipụta ịdị ọkụ anwụ na-agbanwe mgbe nile nke mmetụ ahụ site na:

Ԑ₀ = 1 / (4π˖9˖10⁹) Farad / mita = 8.85˖10⁻¹² p / m (na usoro a ԑ bụ uru bara uru).