Pacific: ala ala. Atụmatụ nke enyemaka nke Pacific Ocean n'ala

The enyemaka nke oké osimiri n'ala-adọrọ mmasị na ọtụtụ na-eme nnyocha, na-echebara eziokwu na nke a akụkụ ka ghọtara. Na nke ọ bụla, e nwere ihe nzuzo na-apụghị ịkọwa si ele ihe anya nke sayensị phenomena na conceals Pacific Ocean. Bottom ọdịdị ala nke akụkụ a nke ụwa oké osimiri bụ nnọọ mmasị ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na gburugburu ụwa, otú enviable ugboro ndokwa ọmụmụ a yiri isiokwu. Na nkà mmụta sayensị na njem ndị mmadụ merela amụ ala nke Pacific Ocean, na-results, nke na otu oge kpamkpam gbanwere nghọta ụmụ mmadụ, ọ bụghị nanị na ala, kamakwa banyere ndị geological Ọdịdị nke ahụ Earth n'ozuzu.

Oceanic n'elu ikpo okwu

Atụmatụ nke Pacific Ocean n'ala ọdịdị ala mberede ka ọtụtụ na-eme nnyocha. Ma mgbe ọ na-abịa na iji, ị kwesịrị ị na-amalite na echiche nke "oké osimiri nyiwe." Ha na-anọchi anya akụkụ ụfọdụ nke cortex, nke ogologo furu efu ha agagharị na ikike ya deformation. Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-iche na ndị òkè nke oké osimiri n'ala, ihe nile di ka nọ n'ọrụ ezuru, ma ugbu a, - geosyncline. A-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ógbè nke cortex bụ nkịtị ke Pacific, ya bụ na ya n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ.

"Ring ọkụ"

Gịnị bụ a na-akpọ "mgbanaka ọkụ"? N'eziokwu, ndị Pacific bụ na nnọọ center, na nke ahụ bụ ihe ọ dị nnọọ iche ya agbata obi. Maka ozi gị, na ala ugbu a na ịdenyere aha 600 agbọpụta ọkụ, ma 418 nke ha na-emi odude ke mben nke Pacific Ocean.

E nwere agbọpụta ọkụ, nke anaghị akwụsị ya ime ihe ike na-eme, ọbụna na oge anyị. Nke a na-akọ bụ isi a ma ama Ugwu Fuji, nakwa dị ka Klyuchevskoy ugwu nta nile. E nwere agbọpụta ọkụ na-zuru ezu ogologo oge na-ejigide n'odidi nke udo, ma n'otu oge, nwere ike n'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama ghọọ ọkụ na-eku ume nnukwu anụ. Ka ihe atụ, ọ na-ekwu nke ndị dị otú a ugwu mgbawa dị ka Bandai-San na Japan. Dị ka a n'ihi nke ya edemede emetụta ọtụtụ obodo.

Ọkà mmụta sayensị ọbụna aha a ugwu mgbawa na Pacific Ocean.

Agbọpụta ọkụ edemede "mgbanaka ọkụ"

Na mgbakwunye na ama na a maara nke ọma gburugburu ụwa n'ụra ugwu mgbawa Bandai-San nwere otutu yiri ọnọdụ a kọrọ. Ka ihe atụ, ndị ugwu mgbawa Nameless, emi odude ke otu nke ebe nke Kamchatka, mara ọkwa na ya na ụwa na 1950s. Mgbe ọ tetara n'ụra ọtụtụ narị afọ nke na-ehi ụra, seismologists nwere ike ịdenye banyere 150-200 ala ọma jijiji kwa ụbọchị.

Ya ọkọ bịara dị ka a ujo ọtụtụ na-eme nnyocha, ụfọdụ n'ime ha nwere ike mgbe e mesịrị-ekwu n'aka na nke a bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị eme ihe ike mgbawa ugwu paroxysms nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ. Nanị ihe na-amasị, bụ enweghị eruptions na ebe nke mmadụ niile na ndị mmadụ.

Na ebe a bụ ihe ọzọ na "ogologo anụ mmiri" - Ruiz ugwu mgbawa na Colombia. Ya edemede gburu ihe karịrị 20 puku ndị mmadụ.

Hawaiian Islands

N'ezie, ihe anyị na-ahụ bụ nnọọ n'ọnụ nke aisbeg na odịbe Pacific Ocean. Atụmatụ nke efe ọ iso tumadi na eziokwu ahụ bụ na center gbatịrị zuru ezu ogologo yinye agbọpụta ọkụ. Na nke ahụ bụ ndị Hawaiian Islands bụ n'ọtụtụ kasị elu nke mmiri n'okpuru osimiri Hawaiian Ridge, nke a na-ewere ndị kasị ibu mgbawa ugwu ìgwè ogologo 2,000 kilomita.

Hawaiian Ridge erukwa nri ruo Midway na Kure, nke na-emi odude ke n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ.

Hawaii onwe ya mejupụtara ise agbọpụta ọkụ Ebe emechi, elu nke ụfọdụ n'ime ha nwere ike ịbụ ukwuu karịa anọ kilomita. Nke a na-akọ bụ isi na-agbọpụ ọkụ nke Mauna Kea na Mauna Loa. The kasị akpali ihe bụ na ọ bụrụ na ị tụọ elu nke ugwu mgbawa Mauna Loa na ọbụ, nke bụ na ala nke oké osimiri, ọ na-enyo na ya elu bụ karịa iri kilomita.

Miri dọrọ nke Pacific Ocean

The kasị ụtọ oké osimiri na-ezo ọtụtụ nzuzo - nke a bụ Pacific Ocean. The ala enyemaka bụ ihe ijuanya na ya di iche iche na ibu a ozuzu ala echiche ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na uche.

Ka ukwuu nke a metụtara Pacific Ocean trenchi, nke nwere a omimi nke 4300 mita, na yiri agum kasị dị ịrịba ama mmewere nke nnyocha sayensị. The kasị mma-mara gburugburu ụwa - Challenger, Galatea, Emden, Cape Johnson, Planet, Snell, Tuscarora, Rama. Ka ihe atụ, ịma ya aka nwere a omimi nke 11 na puku 33 mita, sochiri Galatea ama underway na ya omimi nke 10 puku 539 mita. Omimi Emden bụ 10 puku 399 mita, mgbe Cape Johnson nwere a omimi nke 10 puku 497 mita. The kasị "na-emighị emi" a na-ewere na ịda mbà n'obi Tuscarora na ya kacha omimi tinyere dum ogologo na 8000 513 mita.

seamounts

Ọ bụrụ na ị na-ebi jụrụ "Kọwaa teren nke Pacific Ocean n'ala" - ị nwere ike ozugbo amalite-ekwu okwu banyere seamounts, n'ihi na nke a bụ ihe ozugbo mmasị gị interlocutor. Na na ala nke a magburu onwe ya oké osimiri nwere otutu mmiri n'okpuru osimiri ugwu na-akpọ "guyots". Ha na-ji ha ewepụghị n'elu, ma si otú nwere ike ịbụ na a omimi nke 1.5 kilometa, na mgbe ahụ nwere ike ịbụ nke ukwu miri.

Ihe bụ isi ozizi ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ekwu na ndị seamounts bụbu ndị na-agbọpụta ọkụ na a zụlitere elu oké osimiri. Mgbe e mesịrị, ha na-asa ma na ndị dị n'okpuru mmiri. Na mberede, nke ikpeazụ eziokwu egwu na-eme nnyocha, n'ihi na ọ nwere ike na-egosi na-na tupu nke a akụkụ nke cortex enwetela a ụdị "subsidence".

The bed nke Pacific Ocean

Tupu a direction a otutu nnyocha e duziri, zigara a ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị njem ndị mmadụ merela iji mma-enyocha ala nke Pacific Ocean. Photos na-egosi na predominantly ebi a dị ịtụnanya oké osimiri na-emi esịnede red ụrọ. Iji a nta ruo n'ókè nwere ike na na ala-acha anụnụ anụnụ yl ma ọ bụ anuahade, coral iberibe.

Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na nnukwu ebe nke Pacific Ocean n'ala a na-kpuchie ihe na diatoms, globigerina, radiolarian na pteropod ájá. Ihe na-akpali bụ eziokwu bụ na-dị otú ahụ na na dị iche iche sediments pụrụ mgbe mgbe chọta azụ shark 'ezé ma ọ bụ manganese nodules.

General ozi na ala nke Pacific Ocean

Guzobe nke Pacific Ocean n'ala emetụta ihe ndị dị ka exogenous na endogenous. Adịbeghị anya bụ esịtidem na tectonic - ha na-egosipụta ụdị a dịgasị iche iche nke okpuru mmiri ala ọma jijiji, na onye na-adịghị ije nke ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ na mgbawa ugwu eruptions. Nke ahụ bụ ihe na-akpali ndị Pacific Ocean. ala ọdịdị ala na-agbanwe mgbe nile n'ihi ọnụnọ nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke agbọpụta ọkụ ma na ya n'ụsọ oké osimiri na n'ime mmiri dị ogbu. ndị dị iche iche okwukwo, oké osimiri na steeti, na turbidity eruba exogenous ihe. Dị otú ahụ aga na-ji na na jupụta siri ike, ọ bụghị etisasịwo na mmiri ahụ, nke ahụ-akpali na ezigbo ọsọ na ná mkpọda. Budata agbanwe ala enyemaka na Livelihoods nke mmiri ntule.

Ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ike mmasị na Pacific Ocean. The ala enyemaka dabere ekewa n'ime ọtụtụ iche-iche. Ya bụ: ndị continental oke, ntughari mpaghara, oké osimiri n'ala, nakwa dị ka ufọt ufọt osimiri ridges. Nke 73 nde sq. km 10% nke continental oke dara na Pacific Ocean.

The continental mkpọda bụ a akụkụ nke ala nke nwere a mkpọda na 3 ma ọ bụ 6 degrees, ọ na-emi odude ke mpụta onu nke continental oke nke shelf. Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na ahụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri mgbawa ugwu ahụ ma ọ bụ coral isuo, nke bụ ọgaranya na Pacific Ocean, na ndiiche nwere ike ruo 40 ma ọ bụ 50 degrees otu.

The mgbanwe mpaghara e ji ọnụnọ nke abụọ iche-iche, nke ga-emi odude ke a siri ike iji. Ya bụ - akpa oghere odide n'akụkụ oké osimiri n'akụkụ aka Chile ụkwụ na site na oké osimiri na ọ ga-abụ nanị site nkpoda ugwu. Nke a bụ nnọọ ahụkarị Japan, East China, Mariana, Aleutian mgbanwe zones, nke na-emi odude na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Pacific Ocean.