Sigismund III Vasa: photo, biography

Sigismund III (Vasa), a foto nke na-adade ke ibuotikọ, m na ocheeze nke Commonwealth na Sweden. N'oge ọchịchị ọ gbalịrị ikpokọta abụọ ndị a ike. O mere ya n'ihi na a obere oge na 1592-m. Otú ọ dị, afọ atọ gasịrị, nzuko omeiwu họọrọ Swedish regent, kama nke na-efu eze. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị fọdụrụ ndụ nke Sigismund III (Vasa) nọrọ na nloghachi nke furu efu ocheeze. Tụlee ihe ọzọ karịa nke a na ọnụ ọgụgụ a maara.

Zygmunt III (nwa ite): biography

Eze mụrụ June 20, 1566 na nnukwu ụlọ Gripsholm. E Yangellonka Katerina (nne ya) e so site Johan (nna), kwubiri nwanne Eric 4. Sigismund III zụlitere ndị Jesuit, kwusara echiche ndị agha Katọlik. Mgbe ọ dị afọ 21, ọ bịara n'ocheeze. Anyị na-egwuri a isi ọrụ a nwanne mama ya Anna Yangellonka na hetman Jan Zamoyski. Ịkpọ Prince, onye ga-anọchi ndị Swedish ebekpo, ocheeze ahụ, Rzeczpospolita anya iji kpochapụ territorial esemokwu na Sweden na-enweta ụka ebe dị n'ebe ugwu nke ala.

The mmalite ọchịchị nke

Oge ụfọdụ mgbe echichi, eze megide Maximilian (Archduke nke Austria). Ikpeazụ meriri n'okpuru Bichinoy, ebe ọ na-e mkpọrọ. Otú ọ dị, n'okpuru nkwekọrịta si 1589 , Maximilian e wepụtara na ọnọdụ na waives ọ bụla a na-ekwu ka ocheeze. Zygmunt III ma uma ma ọ bụ ọdịdị emeghị ka ebere nke ndị Commonwealth. Na-aṅụ ya njọ mgbe ọ banyere n'ime nzuzo mkparita uka na Austrian Duke Ernest. Nke a mere na otu 1589-m, mgbe o letara nna ya Revel. The eto eto eze, Sigismund III enweghị ike merie n'elu akpa mgbe Yana Zamoyskogo. The esemokwu n'etiti eze ahụ yiri emezughị nkwa nke accession na Eastland State. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ndị Sejm inquisitorial ẹkenịmde, mgbe nke ike nke eze ahụkwaghị n'ụzọ. Kama Zamoyski, ndị nwere olileanya na a ga-achịkwa uche nke autocrat, were ndị Jesuit.

The ebumnobi nke Board

Polish Korol Sigizmund III mgbaru ọsọ bụ isi na-etinye igba Okpukpe Katọlik na mba. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ chọrọ ibibi Chọọchị Ọtọdọks na Protestantism. Na 1591-93-ies. ọ efịk nsogbu Kosinski, na 1594-96-m - Nalivaiko eguzogide n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ-Russia. Zygmunt III ama abuana ifịk ifịk ke akpatre nke Union of Brest. The isi mba ọzọ amụma ebumnobi nke eze kwere ọhịa na Protestant Sweden na Orthodox Russia. N'otu oge ahụ ọ na-echefughị na autocrat na dynastic ọdịmma.

The idem emem nke ike

The anụ ụlọ na-eme nke King mee ka ngwa ngwa decomposition nke ala na Poland. The kasị dị ịrịba ama ihe n'oge ọchịchị ya malitere zebrzydowski nnupụisi na mkpọsa nke Diet nke unanimity. Zygmunt III n'usoro gbalịrị igosi absolutism na mba. Otú ọ dị, ha na-ajụkwa ya Oriri. Eze wee chọwa amachi ike mgbakọ, tọghata ẹdude ọnọdụ ke ebutere n'ohu ya naanị. Ọ gbalịrị na-etolite mozhnovladstvo iji primogeniture. Onwunwe ha ga-enye nri votu Sineti. Otú ọ dị, n'agbanyeghị na ya nkwa na-absolutism, Sigismund III mee ka mkpọsa nke ụkpụrụ nke unanimity, nke fundamentally ghara ikwe na-ekwe omume nke na-ejide turu ime mgbanwe. Na 1589-m Zamoyski chụọrọ inabata na Sejm site a ọtụtụ votu. King emegide, na-ejide megide hetman mmegide Opalinskaya.

Ọgụ ka Sweden

Na 1592-m Sigismund nwunye nwa-nwayi nke Austrian Duke Charles, nwa nwa Ferdinand 1 - Anne. Na 1955, ha nwere a nwa Vladislav. Mgbe ọnwụ nke Johan (ya na nna) Sigismund gara Sweden, ebe ọ na kpuwere na 1594. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-amanye ka ọ họpụta nwanne nna ya regent. Carl akwado Protestantism na ọsọsọp ewu ewu n'etiti ndị Swedish ndị mmadụ n'ụzọ doro anya aiming maka n'ocheeze. Na 1596-m Sigismund mere isi obodo nke Warsaw, na-eweta ya site Kraków. Bịarutere 1598 na Sweden ọzọ, eze kewapụrụ ọtụtụ nke na-akwado ya, na-esote na 1599, e wepụrụ si n'ocheeze. The ọhụrụ eze Sweden e kwuru nwanne nna ya site na aha Charles IX. Ma asuan edidem achọghị ida ike. N'ihi ya, ọ nọ na-abuana ke Poland afọ 60 see na Sweden, nke siworo nnọọ nzukọ maka mba.

Transnistria

Erule ọgwụgwụ narị afọ nke 17 n'okpuru ọkọlọtọ nke njem Serbia Michael, nke were Moldova, Cossack malitere izukọta. Ọ ga-kwuru na Ukrainian Udaltsov pụtara ihe dị ka a omenala na-enye ndo dị iche iche obi ike na ndị nduhie. Iji zere ndị dị otú ahụ kpachaara anya ntịme Sigismund gua Cossacks ọrụ ghara iji onwe gị ndị a. N'oge a, e nwere a rumo nke Russia, nke dị ndụ Tsarevich Dmitry. Ntem, ozi ọma bịara ruo Ukraine. The Cossacks nwere ohere nyefee na Moscow n'ala s ụma na-eme. N'otu oge ahụ na Dniester region siiri guzobe nke Cossack ala n'okpuru idu ndú nke Grigoriya Lobody na Severin Nalivaiko. Nke ikpeazụ detaara Sigismund na 1595. N'ime ya, o depụtara atụmatụ, nke na-egosi na e kere eke nke Cossack ala n'okpuru patronage nke eze. Nalivaiko rụrụ a otutu ike ike mkpọsa. Ọ e gburu ndị agha nke Lubny. Mgbe ọnwụ ya, echiche nke na-eke ndị Transnistrian Cossack steeti a na-adịkwaghị ejikere ịlọ ụwa.

War na Russia

N'oge ọchịchị ya, Sigismund kpara atụmatụ maka ọwụwa anyanwụ mgbasa. Na omume na Russia Ụgha Dmitry m, eze we nye ya nkwado na kwubiri a nzuzo agreement. Mgbe accession na Moscow n'ala nduhie o kwere nkwa na Poland ga-apụ na Chernihiv-Seversky ebe. Na 1609, afọ mgbe ọnwụ nke mbụ ụgha Dmitry, eze mere nnọchibido nke Smolensk. Na 1610, bụ afọ Polish agha, nyere iwu Zolkiewski weghaara Moscow. Site na mkpebi nke Russian boyars ocheeze isi obodo nke Russia na ọ na-Vladislav, nwa nke autocrat. Na 1611-m, 29 October Vasiliy Shuysky (bụbu Russian Tsar) na ụmụnne ya Ivan na ala Rọshịa bụ Dmitri, onye-isi ṅụụrụ na Warsaw. The 1612th zemstvo militia tọhapụrụ Moscow. Otú ọ dị, agha ruo ruo 1618-nke. N'ihi ya, a truce e banyere Deulin. Dị ka nkwekọrịta na Poland pụrụ Seversky, Chernigov na Smolensk ala.

ọgwụgwụ

Na 1598-m nwunye nke mbụ nwụrụ Sigismund. Na 1605 nke ọ lụrụ nke ugboro abụọ na Constantia - nwanne ya nwaanyị. Na 1609 nke a mụrụ nwa nwoke nke abụọ, bụ onye na-aha ya bụ Yan Kazimir. Sigismund nnọọ iwe iwe site ọnwụ nke Constance, nke mere na 1631. Ná ngwụsị nke April 1632, ọ nwụrụ nke a na ọrịa strok. Sigismund ridara na akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka a nnọọ controversial ọgụgụ. Ya na-achị, na otu aka, anyị nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu ike nke Commonwealth. N'otu oge ahụ na afọ nke ike ya malitere-egosi ihe ịrịba ama nke na-adakpọ. Mgbe e mesịrị, ha mere ka mbibi zuru ezu nke Polish-Lithuanian ala.