Prince of Kiev na Smolensk Rostislav Mstislavich

Nke a akọ na anya-ahụ ụzọ nke ọma isi nke na-achị usoro ndị Rurik ekpe a nnukwu akara ke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russia. Ọ jisiri na-atụgharị ihe ndị nkịtị kpọmkwem ihe gbasara onye isi n'ime a eme ihe iche iche na ọganihu nke mba, nke malitere na-enwe obosara kwurula ikike. Ọzọkwa, o gosiri amamihe n'ihu ọha omume mgbe ọ natara ebekpo ke Kiev. Ma, ya isi uru akụkọ ihe mere eme kweere na Prince Rostislav Mstislavich gbochiri feudal fragmentation, na-agbalị na-achụso a iwu nke igba na igba nke Russian ala. Oleezi, ọ bụ ụzọ ndụ ya, na ihe kpọmkwem Mmeri ọ na-enweta, ịbụ onye na-achị Russia? Tụlee ajụjụ a ihe zuru ezu.

pedigree akara

Rostislav Mstislavich mkpirikpi banyere nke ọ ga-abụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị ka narrate, bụ onye ọchịchị nke atọ nke Novgorod ụmụ Mstislav Vladimirovich. Isi mmalite ihe ekwekọghị na ajụjụ nke mgbe ọ mụrụ. Na ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a ọnụ ọgụgụ na 1100. Rostislav nwanne (Izyaslav) mụrụ a afọ ole na ole tupu mgbe (na 1097 ma ọ bụ 1098 afọ). Nne nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu gọvanọ Smolensk region - ada nke Swedish eze Inge.

Dị ka ihe ndị mere n'ụbọchị, Prince Rostislav Mstislavich natara na Smolensk akara mgbe ọ bụ naanị afọ iri na ise na iri. E mere ya baptizim na nsọpụrụ nke Arhangela Mihaila, ya na Orthodox Church maara dị ka Prince Mikhail Fedorovich.

Ọ bụ na 1127 ya na nke mbụ kwuru na isi mmalite. Oge a nke akụkọ ihe mere eme a na-echeta isi eziokwu na ndị agha jikọrọ aka Monomakhich encroached na ókè nke ihe gbasara onye isi nke Polotsk na Rostislav Mstislavich onwe ya gaa na obodo Drutsk.

Mgbe m nwetara ihe nketa?

Historians na-arụ ụka, na mgbe nwa Mstislav Vladimirovich malitere "jikwaa" omume nke Smolensk ihe gbasara onye isi. Ụfọdụ na-asị na ọ mere na 1125, ndị ọzọ - na 1127. Ọ maara na Rostislav Mstislavich na 1132 na Smolensk ezube mere ka papa ya. N'ihi ya, ọ bụ otutu nke "ikike" nke Kiev ihe gbasara onye isi. Na 1132 Mstislav nwụrụ, na onye-isi nke Russia na-aghọ nwanne ya Jaropolk. New Prince of Kiev enye ọnọdụ nke a nọ n'okpuru ihe gbasara onye isi nke Smolensk. Jaropolk na ihe gbasara onye isi dị njikere inyere n'ọnọdụ a ụtụ.

Way ihe gbasara onye isi ọganihu

Na oge site na 30 ruo afọ 50 nke XII narị afọ Rostislav Mstislavich eme mgbalị nile iji hụ na ihe nketa e nyere ya ka ghọọ a ike, na-agaziri na aku na uba kwurula. Ma ọ jikwaa na-aghọta ha nrọ.

Nwa mbụ Mstislava Velikogo gbanwee ókèala e nyere ya na ihe gbasara onye isi na bịara mara dị ka ndị Smolensk isi. Ọzọkwa, ala nke ọ na a na-agụnye akụkụ nke Mogilev, Pskov, Tver, Vitebsk, Kaluga na Moscow anāchi achi. Ke ufọt ufọt 30-ies nke XII narị afọ ila Rostislav n'ókèala na-agba n'akụkụ osimiri Protva, ya bụ Parish Puttino, Dobryatino, Bobrovnitsy, Dobrochkov, Bennitsa. N'ihi ya, Smolensk ihe gbasara onye isi dị na etiti nke rus isi, ya mere, mpụga egwu fọrọ nke nta ka ọ mere ka ya. N'ihi ya Rostislav Mstislavich, onye biography na-amụ site akụkọ ihe mere eme na-ruo ọgwụgwụ, gbalịa ime ka onyeisi retinue ekpokọtara na zemshchina, onye na-egwuri a kasị ọrụ na-agwa okwu na-elekọta mmadụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.

mmepe nke Urban Planning

Ruo mgbe 1125-nketa nke nwa-ya Mstislava Velikogo e nwere nanị obodo atọ: Kasplya, Verzhavsk, Toropets. Rostislav Mstislavich (isi nke Smolensk) iwu dina obodo Rostislavl, Mstislavl, Izjaslavl, Yelnya, Dorogobuzh, ma gbanwee oge na-aga n'obodo ndị dị otú ahụ niile dị ka Vasilyev, Luchin, Propoisk, Krichev.

Religious akakabarede plan

Ke adianade mepere emepe iwu, onye-isi na-emekwa ụfọdụ mgbanwe nke okpukpe. Ọ deduces si Smolensk ihe gbasara onye isi Pereyaslavlskoy bishọp na-emepụta a onwe ẹdude "ime mmụọ" district.

Na-edu ha na-atụkwasị obi na Prince Bishop Manuel, na mgbe a mgbe na-enye ya a akwụkwọ na-enye nnukwu ihe ùgwù nke chọọchị. Ubre Rostislav Mstislavovitch kwere Smolensk bishọp nyere otu ụzọ n'ụzọ iri nke ihe niile ihe gbasara onye isi ego. Mgbe Manuel ghọrọ isi nke diocese, ọ na-adịghị anya na-nsọ mwere Katidral ke Smolensk, nke nwa Mstislava Velikogo wuru na 1101.

Prince-akpakwa a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nkume ụlọ nke na okpukpe na ahụ bụ n'ezie ihe ọhụrụ maka Smolensk.

ndekọ

Malite Smolensk Ihe Emere nyekwara Rostislav Mstislavich. Na mbụ ya ụdị ndị Chronicle, n'ụzọ dị mwute, ruo ugbu a na e chekwara, ma isi mmalite mgbe e mesịrị oge ka-aghọ ihe onwunwe nke oge a na akụkọ ihe mere eme.

"Smolensk News" akọwa ndụ na ihe gbasara onye isi 30 - 60 afọ nke XII narị afọ, e dị ka ihe ndabere maka ihe e kere eke nke "The Ihe E Mere nke Rostislavovich" (afọ 80 nke XII narị afọ) na a set nke Kiev (1200). In "The News", akpan akpan, ọ e kwuru na oruru na 1136 nke Smolensk diocese na mmalite nke nkume na-ewu. Na 1136-atụle ga-mmalite nke ihe ndị mere n'ụbọchị na Smolensk mpaghara.

Ịmepụta obodo

Mgbe Rostislav Mstislavich ọrụ dị ka usoro nke na-akpụ obodo. Urban J.Randall Smolensk amalite amanye ihe na ọzọ ka ha onwe ha na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọdịmma ma wetara ya uche elu isi. N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ, ọ bụ nanị na-aghọ a ọnụ na-ekwuru ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na N'ezie nke obodo ike J.Randall.

The oge nke esemokwu

Rostislav Mstislavich (Smolensk) biri na a oge mgbe Russia busoro agha obodo.

Ka anya dị ka ọnwụ nke nna-ya, Prince enyekwara ya ụmụnne (Izyaslav na Vsevolod), iji merie ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-emegide megide nwanne nna ya Yuriya Dolgorukogo na gọvanọ Volyn ala Andrei Vladimirovich. Na eto bụ Pereyaslyavlskaya ala. Na na 1141 Mstislavich megidere Chernigov Olegovichy nwere a elu ohere na-anọdụ ala na Novgorod na Kiev ocheeze. Olegovichy ozugbo zitere merie Smolensk. Mgbe ọnwa ole na ole na nwanne ya Rostislav Izyaslav kụrụ ịchị Novgorod nwanne ya, na mgbe ahụ kpaliri Chernigov. Ma isi nzube Mstislavich - bụ Kyiv, mgbe ajọ agha Yuri Dolgoruky. Iri afọ dịruru a see. Rostislav Izyaslav na jisiri nọrọ n'okpuru ụwa si Yaroslavl na Suzdal. Ebe ọ bụla ha na-akatọ na-ajụ ndaba nke iwu Yuriya Dolgorukogo. Ma, nke ahụ na 1155 ejisie weghara ocheeze Kiev.

Otú ọ dị, mmekọahụ n'etiti nwa Mstislava Velikogo na Yuriem Dolgorukim njọ ókè. Kiev-isi-adọrọ Polovtsian isi ma na-ajụ ha na-ahazi a Maachi na Smolensk ihe gbasara onye isi. N'ihi ya, ọ bụ ike iji mejuputa ya plan.

Ma Rostislav kwụrụ ikike n'ebe ndịda ala, na ọ maara Yuri Dolgoruky, otú ahụ nwa nwanne na nwanne nna kpebiri imebi.

Ocheeze Kiev

Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, Rostislav Mstislavich na ihe hà footing na nwanne ya nwoke na nwanne nna-aghọ n'ezie onye na-achị Kiev. Prince Smolensky na-eme ka ya vassalage Ryazan ala. Ma mgbe ahụ, nwanne Izyaslav nwụrụ. Na na 1157 ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na isi ihe gbasara onye isi Izyaslav Davidovich Chernigov. Mgbe afọ abụọ gachara, ndị Kiev eze enye Rostislav jikwaa ha ihe gbasara onye isi na nanị ihe ndabere. Ọ kwetara.

Iji soro omenala, onye-isi-eziga na Kiev abụọ nnọchiteanya Smolensk na Novgorod Ivan Ruchechnika Yakuna. Ha aghaghị ịchọpụta na ihe okwu iji nye ikike Rostislav isi ihe gbasara onye isi.

N'oge ọchịchị na Kiev

Mgbe na-ewere oche-eze, Rostislav Mstislavich emewo mgbalị nile iji hụ na Russia aghọwo a mepere emepe na-agaziri ala. Ọ gbalịrị ịkwụsị internecine agha, ịgbaso Russian ala igba iwu. Ebe ndị n'isi nke ike na Kiev, nwa Mstislava Velikogo otutu oge na n'ụzọ ime mmụọ. Ọ bụ dị na kọntaktị na ndị bishọp ahụ, mgbe nile na-agba ka dinners abbot Kiev-Pechersk Lavra Polycarp na ọbụna kwadebe ha onwe ha iwu ikewapụ cell na a obibi ndị mọnk, ebe ọ pụrụ ịnọ nanị gị. Ọ bụ ya mere Prince Rostislav Mstislavovitch akpọ nsọ nsọ. Ịgbaso ụkpụrụ ndị udo na kwupụtara, onye na-achị Russia meriwo ntụkwasị obi na ịtụkwasị obi nke sara ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị isi nke okpueze ala. N'ezie, ọtụtụ ndị nwere ike ịmụta site na nwa-ya Mstislava Velikogo esi mee ka gị na mpaghara ọgaranya. Onye ọ bụla maara na ọ na-anọdụ n'ocheeze nke Kiev, bụ ndị kwesịrị ya. Esemokwu na agha agbalị n'ụzọ ọ bụla iji zere Rostislav Mstislavich. The mba ọzọ amụma nke Russian onye na-achị bụ n'udo. N'agbanyeghị na ndu ebighi-iro Polovtsy ọ gbalịrị ka ọ ghara ime mmekọrịta. Ma na ụfọdụ appanage isi Polovtsian o mgbe ụfọdụ adabaghị. Prince hazikwara agha mkpọsa megide Lithuania, na nnọọ ihe ịga nke ọma.

Novgorod

Mgbe ikpeazụ nke Board Rostislav Mstislavovitch nwa-ya amalite chụpụ n'ọnụ Novgorod obodo ọchịchị. E-abịa oge mgbe Svyatoslav (nwa Rostislav Mstislavovitch) nwere ike agaghịkwa ịchị na otu nọọrọ onwe ha ihe gbasara onye isi. Mgbe ahụ Prince of Kiev, onwe zigara Novgorod, ịghọta ụmụ amaala na nwa-ya. Na-akwọ ụgbọala site Smolensk, ọ hụrụ obi ụtọ na-achị ha na ndị ya nabatara ha.

Ma na-na na Toropets, Rostislav Mstislavich (Prince of Kiev) zaneduzhil ma nye iwu a ozi zigara Novgorod maka nwa-ya, nke mere na ọ bụ onye nnọchiteanya nke Novgorod ma ama izute ya na Great Luke. N'ikpeazụ, o nwere ike ná mma Svyatoslav na ụmụ amaala, mgbe nke ọ gara ala nna ya Smolensk, anọ a obere nwanne ya nwaanyị Rogneda. N'agbanyeghị na ya na ọrịa, Prince anya ọsọ gaa Kiev, na-ezo aka n'ihe omume nke ala. Ma iru ya na-emeghị "nne nke Russian obodo." Rostislav Mstislavovich ike kpọrọ njọ, na mmiri nke na 1167 na ókèala nke obodo Zaruba (Smolensk) na oge awa ya. O nwere ikwupụta tupu ọnwụ ya na kwara arịrị onye nchụàjà Simeon na mbụ ọ na-ekwe ka ịrụ ememe nke tonsure. Prince ahụ a napụtara na Kiev na e wee lie ya n'ebe obibi ndị mọnk nke Theodore, ka o ufen. The ike nke isi ihe gbasara onye isi na-aga nwa-ya Roman, bụ onye chịrị Belgorod. Ma mgbe ọ nwụrụ Rostislav Mstislavich (Smolensk), n'etiti nwa ya na Suzdal isi, nke na-aga site Andrew Bogolyubskii, ga-eme n'oge ọgụ na mgba n'ocheeze.

ezinụlọ

Nkọwa nke ndụ ezinụlọ nke Kiev na Smolensk gọvanọ nta amaghị ama. Ọ bụ ka a omimi ajụjụ nke onye lụrụ Rostislav Mstislavich (Smolensk isi), na ma o nwere ndị ọzọ di na nwunye. Kwuo nke umu-ya ndikom na-egosi na nke mbụ na isi mmalite 40-50 afọ nke XII narị afọ. Ọ maara na na 1149, Rostislav Mstislavich gọzie di na nwunye nwa-ya nwoke Roman, onye lụrụ di na nwunye na nwa nwaanyị nke Svyatoslava Olgovicha, onye chịrị na ala nke Seversk. Na 1154 Prince of Kiev na Smolensk enye ya ndikom Devid na Roman nketa Novgorod. Olee ndị bụ ndị okenye na onye tọrọ - ihe na-emeghe ajụjụ. Dị ka ihe ndị mere n'ụbọchị, David akamana ke 1140.

Otu nwa akpa na 1170, ma amaghị onye ọ bụ. Rostislav Mstislavovitch ọdụdụ nwa, Mstislav Hrabry, a mụrụ ke ufọt ufọt 40s na ufọt ufọt 60s, ọ lụrụ nwa-nwayi Gleb Rostislavich, bụ onye chịrị n'ala Ryazan. Mstislav Hrabry ketara kasị mma àgwà nke nna nna ya. Baptizim tọrọ nwa Rostislav Mstislavovitch aha ya bụ Fedor.

Ọ maara na Kiev na Smolensk isi ise ụmụ nwaanyị abụọ. Isi mmalite na-ekwu naanị banyere otu nwaanyị, Elena. Na 1163 ọ ghọrọ nwunye nke Prince of Kraków Leszek na White, na mgbe ọ nwụrụ 1194, Helen ghọrọ a na-fledged onye na-achị na Polish obodo. Rostislav Mstislavovitch nwa nwụrụ n'afọ 1198.

ọgwụgwụ

N'oge ọchịchị nke Prince of Kiev na Smolensk ibu iconic na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke oge ochie Russia. Na o mere otú ahụ ndị na-achị isi kwụsịrị esemokwu n'etiti onwe ha. Rostislav Mstislavich - a nnọchiteanya nke na-achị usoro ndị eze, nke na mbụ meghi onwe na ọha ọdịmma, na iche na ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ikwu ya. Ọ ike ịkpọlite ọbụna elu ike nke ikike n'anya ndị mmadụ nkịtị.