Russian ese, nna ukwu nke frescoes na akara ngosi Gury Nikitin: biography, creativity na-akpali eziokwu

Russia ka mgbe niile ma ama n'ihi na ya ọgaranya na omenala na a ọtụtụ nke talent. Gury Nikitin - otu n'ime ndị kasị ama na mkpa ọgụgụ na Russian eserese na iconography. Life na Ọrụ nke ya mere na Asaa na narị afọ na-ekpe a na-egbuke egbuke Chọpụta na omenala akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russia. Ọ bụ ezie na ihe àmà nke onye na-ese, nke na-abịa n'ihu ruo ụbọchị, nnọọ sketchy, ọrụ ya, onye style ga anọgide elu ime mmụọ nke ikpeazụ oge ncheta.

biography

The kpọmkwem ụbọchị ọmụmụ bụ amaghi Gury Nikitin. Olee ihe enyemaka na ọ bụ mmalite nke afọ 1620/1625. The home obodo nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu artist bụ Kostroma. Nikitin - bụ pseudonym nke artist, ma ọ bụ kama, n'etiti aha (Nikitich - Nikitin). Ezigbo aha ya - Kineshemtsev. Tupu ya mbuli elu na art, o nwere ọtụtụ retail ụlọ ahịa na nnu na azụ n'ohu.

ezinụlọ

Nna Gury Nikitin (Nikita Kineshemtsev) akpa ke 1653 n'oge a otiti, otú isi nke nne Solomọn ezinụlọ. Na Guria nne Luke, ma ọ bụ dị ka ọ na a na-akpọ ụlọ, Auchka. Ọ na-aku shoemaking.

Ke adianade nne ya na nwanne, na Guria bu nwanne mama Michael na Fedor. Ha bụ ndị dịtụ ọma na-ndị mmadụ. Mgbe ha nwụrụ Gury Nikitin ketara ụfọdụ obodo na ụlọ ahịa na ajị anụ, ji ajị anụ kpaa ma azu n'ohu.

About ndụ ya iconographer mara maka n'aka na ọ dịghị mgbe ọ lụrụ di na nwunye na enweghi umu. Nke a na-ìhè site ihe ntinye n'akwụkwọ Landratskoy mere ogologo mgbe ọnwụ ya. Ọ ezipụta kpọmkwem afọ ọnwụ nke icon ese (1691) na enweghi nke nketa.

kere eke

Gury Nikitin si n'oge afọ na-abụ ihe na talent. Ebe ọ nọ gụrụ akwụkwọ, a na-amaghị. The isi nchọpụta nke ọrụ ya VG Bruce na-egosi na onye nkụzi Nikitin nwere ike ịbụ Vasily Ilyin - Kostroma mara artist na-ese nke oge.

Ma n'ọtụtụ ụzọ ndị ọ mee ka nkwalite nke okike nne nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu iconographer. Mikpuru ha ụwa, na-eto eto Guri nwere ọmarịcha ụlọ, nri, na enyi na enyi na ezinụlọ. Na na ike ugboro ike a yiri Russian inyom ekpe na-enweghị nkwado, ọ bụ siri ike. Mgbe e mesịrị, image ndị inyom na nne na ga-enweta a pụrụ iche na-arụ ọrụ nke Nikitin.

Ụzọ ya ka art adịghị mfe. Mgbe Guri si a dị mfe na-arụ ọrụ na klas ezinụlọ, anya site iconography. Agachoputa ahụmahụ nke na-ese natara mgbe a akụkụ nke ugbo na-ese Kostroma Moscow ụka (Trinity Church, Onyeisi Ndị Mmụọ Ozi Cathedral na Moscow Kremlin). Ke adianade nka si Kostroma, e na-arụ ọrụ nkà ese nke Yaroslavl, Novgorod, Moscow.

Nke a colossal okike ije nke oge bụ Nikitin mbụ ike nzọụkwụ ke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke art. O gosipụtara onwe ya dị ka a na nkà na-ese, Guri natara ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ịkpọ òkù si na Russian chọọchị Ọtọdọks na nke Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich maka murals na ide / Iweghachi nke akara ngosi.

onye style

Na-ekwu banyere ịdị ebube na atụ nke Russian icon sere, na-akatọ mgbe arụtụ aka pụrụ iche amamihe na Gury Nikitin. Ya osise - ọ bụ a pụrụ iche mix nke decorativism na monumentality n'otu ngwaahịa. Ọ bụ ya mere okooko ya creativity coincided na ịrị elu nke ji achọ na nnukwu art na Russia (nkera nke abụọ nke na Asaa na narị afọ.)

All ọrụ nke onye pụtara ìhè artist na icon ese nwere a pụrụ iche style, onye style. Ọ na-ewuli ndị mejupụtara nke ihe osise na ụkpụrụ nke bụghị yiri symmetry, tinyere ọdịiche nke ìhè na ndo. Nkatọ na-ekwu n'ime Ọnọdụ, echiche nke n'afọ iri na ụma na prescribing oyiyi. Ke adianade do, frescoes Gury Nikitin ekpuchi a dịgasị iche iche nke agba, nke na-enhances ji achọ mmetụta nke ikwọ.

ọwọrọiso ọrụ

Kwuo nke mbụ nkà kere Nikitin na-ezo aka 1650. Ọ jikọtara egosipụta ihe owuwu ụzọ mbata nke ụka nke Mbilite n'Ọnwụ na Nsọ Atọ n'Ime Otu Katidral ke Kostroma. Kasị ama frescoes Gury Nikitin na Nsọ Cross Katidral ke Romanov (ugbu a Tutaev) (iyo. 1650-ies.), Na Danilov mọnk Pereslavl (1662-68gg.), Na Cathedral nke mwere (Rostov Kremlin, 1670) na Church of Elijah onye amụma (Yaroslavl, 1680). na ezumike oyiyi na-ese n'ihi na nke ikpeazụ Nikitin.

1666 bụ a siri ike, na-atụgharị oge maka Russian chọọchị. Nikitin were ifịk akụkụ nwughari nke Katidral si osise. Aka-ya abua nwe oyiyi nke ndi-agha-n'ihi okwukwe na ọtụtụ iberibe nnukwu mejupụtara "Ikpe Ikpeazụ".

iconography

House na-ese na icon ese, bụ adịghị anya site Cathedral nke Epiphany. N'ezie, nke a bụ eziokwu na-na abuana ke mma nke ụlọ nsọ nke Guria. Ndị kasị dị ịrịba eserese, oyiyi Gury Nikitin maka katidral bụ 1667-1672 afọ.

N'ime afọ ndị a, o dere na fir mpịachi oyiyi nyere site Queen Mary Ilinichny. The mejupụtara e gosiri ha na ndị dị otú a n'ụzọ na center e gosiri image nke Virgin nke Kazan, n'aka-nri - Nikolaya Chudotvortsa, na n'aka ekpe - nwụrụ n'ihi okwukwe nke Agrippina na Evdokia. Na kwa na ọ e kere asaa oyiyi maka onyeisi ndị bishọp nke Antioch Macarius.

A otutu ihe oyiyi na-na-ese site Nikitin maka mwere Katidral. N'etiti ha: "The Ikpe Ikpeazụ", "mgbaàmà, nabatakwa", "ụmụ nke Nsọ. Spirit "," Kazan na ọrụ ebube. "

Ikpeazụ ya na-arụ ọrụ a na-atụle ga-ihe na akara ngosi nke "Old Testament Atọ n'Ime Otu" Gury Nikitin maka Atọ n'Ime Otu-Sypanovskogo Katidral ke Kostroma, dere na 1690.

ekewet ọrụ

E nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nkà ọrụ onye chepụtara na-ekewet Gury Nikitin. Otú ọ dị, ha adịghị natara zuru ezu Attribution. A na-agụnye "Theodore Icon nke Nne nke Chineke na akụkọ mgbe" (1680), "Martyrs Kirik na Iulita" (1680s), "The elu nke Cross" na fresco nke Ipatiev Obibi na Kostroma. Dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme na ndekọ, ụfọdụ n'ime ha (eg, "Theodore Icon ...") na-adịghị kwesịrị ekwesị na-arụ ọrụ nke onye na-ese, na ọkà n'ọrụ mweghachi nke ụzọ.

na-akpali eziokwu

Gury Nikitin biri na-amaghị nwoke na alughi di, ma ezinụlọ ya enweghị ochie ndị ụkọchukwu. Ee, na-ese na-anapụghị nkwa. Mkpebi a nọgidere a omimi na artist dịkọrọ ndụ. Otú ọ dị, ncheta ndekọ ụdị Nikitin ke ụbọchị ọnwụ nke nna nke ezinụlọ e nyere aha Helena-skhimnitsy. The na-eme nnyocha na-egosi na nke a na chọọchị aha Guria nne (Solomọn), nke bụ ugbua na ihe nká gara n'ebe obibi ndị mọnk.

Na 1659, mgbe Moscow choro nkà ese maka sere nke Katidral, si Kostroma m wee Yemelyan Pushkarev. Otú ọ dị, o nwere akpịrị ụkwụ, na n'oge na-adịghị e zigara azụ. On ya laghachiri ọ na-atụ aro ọtụtụ nke nna-obodo, otu n'ime ha bụ Gury Nikitin. The artist ọma gafere asambodo, na 1660 natara ọnọdụ nke ihe ngosi na-ese m isiokwu.

Gury Nikitin bụ achị achị nakwa prifekt (ma ọ bụ foreman) Artel Kostroma ese. N'agbanyeghị a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe ùgwù maka post, onye na-ese si mesoo kpọrọ ihe nke ukwuu na ha na-arụ ọrụ na-enweghị ike imeli ihe enyemaka, na-arụ a par na ọgbọ na ọbụna karị. Mgbe na-eme ka ndị Ipatiev Obibi na Church of Elijah-amuma, ọ kpara nkata na contours nke ha onwe ha ga-eme n'ọdịnihu frescoes na dorisovki ekpe na-eso ụzọ.

The aha "Guri" pụtara n'ụzọ nkịtị "ndidi ọrụ." Ọ bụ otú ahụ na Gury Nikitin. Ya biography bụ patchy, ma na-echeta na ha dịkọrọ ndụ na-atụ aro na-ese bụ a nsọ nsọ na-atụ egwu Chineke. Site na-ede ihe oyiyi mgbe niile bịakwutere akpọrọ na na nkà na ime mmụọ. The ikpe mgbe ọ malitere ide ihe oyiyi anyị Lady nke Theodore Rịọtaara, mgbe nkwupụta na udo. E mesịa, n'oge a okpukpe edikan na Yaroslavl, a image gosiri na ọrụ ebube agwọ ọrịa.

Gury Nikitin bụ mgbe ọ dị mkpa iji weghachi ochie oyiyi na murals. Ọ na-elekọta na omenala na akụkọ ihe mere eme-nketa, wee na-ndị a stylistic atụmatụ nke na-arụ ọrụ nke iso, ma isi ọgụgụ na mmegharị mgbochi. Ọ bụ ya mere ụfọdụ ọrụ na-ese nọgidere na-amaghị ama.

Nkatọ na ọkwá Gury Nikitin aha na ndepụta nke oké Russian icon ese. Yana Theophanes Grik, Andrei Rublev na Simon Ushakov , o nwere nnukwu mmetụta na Russian iconography na n'ụzọ ziri ezi akwụ a ebe nke nsọpụrụ n'etiti ndị nna ukwu nke ha nka.

taa

Ọtụtụ masterpieces Gury Nikitin ọbọhọ. The kasị ibu ma mkpa bụ na onye na-ese ufọk na Kostroma. Ya mere, ugbu a, na Trinity Ipatiev na Cathedrals i nwere ike inwe on a tour na-amụta banyere pụrụ iche ncheta nke Russian ije na eserese. The centerpiece, N'ezie, e nyere ndị nyochaa nke frescoes Gury Nikitin.