Self-propelled ogbunigwe unit "ariara": photos na nkọwa

Ná mmalite 70 ies na Soviet Union e nwere ụfọdụ ogbunigwe nkeji na "ifuru" aha "ariara", "Akeshịa", "Tulip", "Hyacinth" na "peony". Self-propelled howitzer "Pink" e kere na-arụ na-ebibi onye iro manpower, ogbunigwe na ngwa agha nkeji. Na ya, a Itie a na-nyere na minefields na ebe dị iche iche ihe mgbochi. A nkeji bụ nnọọ ngwa ngwa na maneuverable.

Gịnị bụ howitzer

Okwu "howitzer" na-ewepụtara German haubitze. Sụgharịa, ọ pụtara a ngwá agha e mere maka atụ nkume. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ekwu banyere ogbunigwe ibe, ndị howitzer - agha na ngwá ọrụ na-agba na ala zaa na n'akuku nke 70 degrees. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-emeghe akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu, a pụtara okwu iche iche kọwara, ma pụtara n'ụzọ bụ isi na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe.

Howitzer - ọ bụ otu egbe, ma na a nta ogologo nke gbọmgbọm. ike ọsọ nke projectile ná mmalite nke ije-enye ndị na-agba égbè. Mgbidi gbọmgbọm howitzer mere thinner. Ọ bụrụ na abụọ ndị a ngwá nke hà size, ha ibu dị nnọọ iche. The egbe bụ nnọọ ike.

Self-propelled "ariara" bụ ogbunigwe usoro, nke a ka na-eji ndị agha gburugburu ụwa.

Creation na mmepe nke mbụ onwe-propelled egbe mounts na Soviet Union

Mgbe niile nke agha na agha dị mkpa a na Usoro nwere ike isoro ndị na-aga n'ihu ndị agha ma na-akwado ha ọkụ. Ogbunigwe egbe nwere ọtụtụ iche. Ma, ka ọ bụ na mobile.

Site na narị afọ nke 20 larịị nke ihe ọmụma ekwe na-emepụta na-elekwasị anya na-eke a onwe-propelled egbe. Vd Mendeleev na 1916 chọrọ ka ogige ya agha development - a nke dị oké ụgbọ ala na tracks "Bronehod". O nwere na-echebe ihe agha na a egbe. N'otu afọ Colonel ogbunigwe traktọ Gulkevichy chọrọ ngo creep. Ọ e wuru na Obukhov ígwè na nkume igwe nri. Ya 3-agha hdyuymovoy egbe na 2 igwe egbe na sheathed na agha. N'afọ na-esonụ, na mmebe N. N. Lebedenko kere ọgụ igwe na ụkwụ abụọ. Na 1920 Russian industrialists na Nizhny Novgorod tọhapụrụ a dum ogbe nke tankị. Echiche nke ihe e kere eke na ha na-amụta na French, ebe na-amụ "Renault" ụlọ ọrụ were tank.

Na 20 ya ịzụlite ụgbọala bịakwutere kpọrọ ihe. a oku maka amụma n'ihi na imewe na-ewu nke armored ugbo ala a mara ọkwa. Na 1922, ngo "Ụgbọ mmiri AM" merie ndị mbụ na-agbata n'ọsọ. N'agbanyeghị ibu nke 10 tọn, akụrụngwa ike see n'elu mmiri. N'ihi ya burugodị o nwere a 76 mm egbe.

Nke dị oké mkpa maka mmepe nke ọhụrụ ụdị ngwá agha bụ oruru nke Commission pụrụ iche ogbunigwe nwere. N'okpuru nduzi nke mbụ Russian agha general V. M. Trofimova Committee mụọ nsogbu nke ballistics na mepụtara ọhụrụ ụdị ngwá agha.

Na 1922-23. Anyị kere a onwe-propelled ogbunigwe battalion na osisi "Red Arsenal." N'oge ahụ, mba ahụ abụghị n'ọnọdụ kasị mma, ulo oru na aku na uba na isi ka ọ gaghị ekwe omume na-eme uka mmepụta nke ndị a osisi. Ke mbubreyo 20 ya - n'oge 30-ies na e kere eke nke ọhụrụ na ngwá agha na-arụ ọrụ ndị dị otú ahụ osisi, "Red Putilovets" ha. Kalinin №8, "Red Arsenal" №7, Kharkiv Locomotive, "Bolshevik" - nakwa dị ka ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta.

Ná mmalite nke Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya, uche onwe-propelled ogbunigwe na fọrọ nke nta na-enyeghị azụ a nke mgbe mmeri.

Ịmepụta echichi 2S1

Ịmepụta ACS "ariara" na oru mgbe ndị arụkwaghịm nke Khrushchev July 4, 1967. Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na Soviet ogbunigwe ngwá lagged n'azụ West. Mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na ọrụ ke Soviet Army adịghị ka ACS. Ịmepụta howitzers kenyere imewe ọrụ, na-arụ ọrụ na osisi "Uralmash". Enye ada ngo F. F. Petrov. Na maka Chassis posted Kharkov traktọ Osisi na onwe mmebe AF Belousov. Ndị ọkachamara na-nyochaa ihe niile artorudy nkọwa, na a tọhapụrụ na n'oge gara aga ole na ole ọtụtụ iri afọ. Na usoro "ariara" e guzobere n'oge na-adịghị - mwube, a foto nke na-dị n'okpuru.

Tower na Chassis

isi Chassis feature echichi were traktọ Mt-LB. N'ihi na ukwuu nkwụsi ike nke Chassis kwukwara ọzọ rink.

Track ACS 2C1 "ariara" e onwem na a ebe onye na-akwọ na dị otú ahụ itieutom: abụọ ọgụ, akara na ike mkpọ.

Driver-arụ ụgbọ ahụ a ohere nke a kara akara Herọd site na ike nke na-ngọngọ bụ na 2C1 "ariara".

N'ihu ụlọ elu ekpe onye agha, nri - Ichaji egbe, na onye agha ahụ dị n'azụ echichi ọchịagha.

Behind a pụrụ iche ebe nchekwa nke mgbọ e kere ke idem. Iji ikwado loading nke howitzers na ulo-elu guzosie ike usoro maka dosylka shells na cartridges. Site pụrụ iche ọkụ ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ ntuziaka drive ụlọ elu eketịbede na 360 degrees.

caterpillars

Nchịkọta "Pink" nwere a ezigbo ohere ruo na ike iru ebe. Nke a bụ n'ihi na tracks. Ha na-mere nke roba na metal. Ha obosara ke ukot nke nlereanya bụ 400 mm. Ọ bụ omume na-dochie ha 670 mm tracks. Nke a ga-amụba 2C1 "ariara" patency. Ibughari ahụ support (akwado rollers) na-onwem na onye nkwusioru na torsion. Ke adianade do, na nke mbụ na-asa wheel n'ịnyịnya haịdrọlik ujo absorbers. The mbanye wheel mere ndokwa na n'ihu a ọgụ ụgbọala, nwere toothings nke ike-anọchi mgbe eyi. Track erughị ala na-nyere site a usoro na-bụ n'ime ụlọ. ACS "ariara" nyere ikike ime site na mmiri, na-emeri ihe mgbochi, na obosara nke nke nwere ike ịbụ ruo 300 m. The ife elu otú ekwesịghị ịbụ ihe karịrị 150 mm, na eruba ọnụego ga gafere 0,6 mita kwa nke abụọ. The buoyancy nke igwe na-nyere site na esịtidem ikuku ụlọ. Ọ na-kere ịgbado ọkụ n'etiti abụọ diski na-elu mgbanaka nke roba shroud na isi. The ọsọ kacha ije Nchịkọta 2C1 "ariara" na nke a adịghị gafere 4.5 km kwa awa. Mgbe-ejegharị ejegharị na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke gbaa nke mmiri ekwesịghị ịbụ ihe karịrị 30.

The ahụ na esịtidem Ọdịdị

Rọketi obubata "ariara" bụ armored agha. Ọ na-mere ígwè 20-mm efere. Nke a nchedo-enye gị ohere iji chebe ụgbọ ala na-arụ ọrụ site na obere ogwe aka akpa ume ọnya, splinters na mines. Agha idi bullet dayameta nke 7,62 mm, ẹkesiode a anya nke 300 m si a égbè.

Mmanụ tank 2C1 "ariara" - a isii containers jikọtara ọ bụla ọzọ, atọ n'akụkụ nke ọ bụla. Mkpokọta olu bụ 550 lita. Nke a bụ iji gafere anya nke 500 km na okporo ụzọ.

The engine maka onwe onye na-propelled egbe na-emepụta Yaroslavl Motor Plant. Anọ strok dizel engine nwere asatọ cylinders na a V ekara, na nsogbu n'ihu. Ike ya dị 240 HP.

Nchịkọta "ariara" na-onwem na a nnyefe na 11 na-atụ gbapụrụ ọsọ na 2 reverse.

A onwe-propelled howitzer 2S1 nwere ike a ga-ebu site n'ikuku site na iji AH-12, Il-76, AN-124.

Shells maka "Pinks"

Ugbu a, e nwere ọtụtụ iche shells na nwere ike iji echichi "ariara".

Standard zuru ezu set nke akụrụngwa: 35 elu-agbawa agbawa na 5 ebuwanye. All munitions na-emi odude tinyere n'akụkụ nke ahu ihe na turret.

Ka anyị biri na ndị shells, nke ndị kwesịrị ekwesị maka ojiji na ACS 2C1 "ariara".

1. The elu-agbawa agbawa shells. Agha penetration bụ ala. Ma ndị akacha eji, dị ka ime nnukwu mebiri. Ingestion tank shei explodes. Nke a na-eduga ná nnukwu losses. Ọ bụrụ na ndị projectile ọ dịghị banye agha, o nwere ike ime ka ndị ọzọ nsogbu. Iji chebe ojiji pụrụ iche meziri na-adịghị ekwe ka inwere site na elu akpụkpọ nke tank.

2. ebuwanye mgbọ. Mma ekịm ihe agha ruru ka e guzobere kinetic ike, dị ka ọ na-ere ọkụ site na ya nke ọma. Penetration na-adịghị njọ na-amụba lekwasịrị anya. Protection nwere ike pụrụ iche lattice meziri.

3. Lighting shells. E Kere ìhè ebe ma ọ bụ na-egwu azụ na ọchịchịrị (n'abalị) oge. Tee a dobe si eji ike akụrụngwa ma ọ bụ ụgbọelu. Iji breeki ha ije iji parachutes.

4. Oyobio mgbọ. Eji na-agwa ọha na eze, bụ nke dị na nwere n'ókèala ma ọ bụ n'ime ime obodo.

5. shells electronic guzogide ya. Eme ihe banyere ihe radars nke onye iro ikuku nchebe. Egbochi ndị dị iche iche radio ebili mmiri.

6. Chemical munitions. Iji na nsí onye iro nsị na kemịkal. The shells pụrụ imebi ma ọ bụ muffled n'olu dara ụda. Ọ na-adabere esi n'ókè nke chemical. Mgbe ọkụkụ lekwasịrị kpụrụ a na-egbu egbu ígwé ojii.

7. Anwụrụ ọkụ shells. Dazzle ma na-etinye a oké smokescreen. Ọ na-atụ aro maka ojiji mgbe anyanwụ bụ n'azụ igwe ojii, na ala ifufe ọsọ. Nke a ga-eme ka mmetụta nke anwụrụ ọkụ.

8. Projectile pụrụ iche pụtara ìhè ọcha. Ha were na-adịghị ikike site Hague Convention ruru ka ike ndọda etinyere ọnyá. Inside shei bụ tipped akụ.

Iji mepụta firing mgbọ na-stacked nso ụgbọ ala, ọ na-enye a nnukwu tailgate na a iga ngwaọrụ udia n'ime ogige.

howitzer

Ka ịmepụta a onwe-propelled howitzer eji D-30, nke nọworị na ọrụ na ọtụtụ mba nke ụwa. Self-propelled ogbunigwe echichi 2S1 "ariara" choro mwughachi na ẹkụre D-30. Ya mere, e a mgbanwe nke D-32 (2A31), nke zuru okè izute ọhụrụ chọrọ. 122mm howitzer "ariara" e wepụtara site KB №9 na mmebe A. F. Belousovu. Isi iche si ya ụzọ - bụ ọnụnọ nke abụọ-ulo Ekechila ọnụ breeki na ihe ejector. Inside gbọmgbọm rifling 36 na-etinyere. The dum anwụrụ ogologo - 4270 mm, ogologo nke odori ulo - 594 mm. The dum erite gbalaga nwere a uka nke 955 kg. Ugbu a ndị a na ngwaọrụ na-onwem na niile n'oge a ogbunigwe unit. Breakage ejection ngwaọrụ ga-eduga eziokwu na mkpara ga-enwe ike ịnọgide na-arụ ọrụ na-enweghị masks.

Gbọmgbọm nke agha a pụrụ ime na a vetikal ọnọdụ si -3 ka +70 degrees. Ezubere iche a rụrụ na-anya KMT-2 na OP 5-37. The egbe nwere a ekwesị nkpirikpi kpọchie. Re-cocked site ọkara akpaka usoro. The dum shutter usoro nwere a arọ nke 35,65 n'arọ.

Ebuwanye shells BP-1 osisi Ome na a pụrụ iche ụgwọ F-8. ụgbọ elu nso nwere ike ịbụ ruo 2 km. Shei amalite ime na a ọsọ nke 740 mita kwa nke abụọ.

Ọ bụrụ na égbè a na-eme na-agbawa agbawa ụgwọ, nso nwere ike iru 15.3 km. Mgbe firing rọketi-aka projectile, ọ enwekwu ka 21.9 km. The kacha nta anya na ike ga-zitere munition bụ 4,07 km.

"Pink" bụghị a elu-ike ọsọ Usoro. Mgbe firing "si n'ala" egbe nwere ike 4-5 agba kwa nkeji. Ọ bụrụ na ọkụ edu ndú projectiles ngwaahịa na osisi ahụ, e nwere 1-2 gbaa kwa nkeji.

Nka na ụzụ na kenkwucha data

• The ọrụ - 4 ndị mmadụ.
• Full ọgụ ibu - 15 na 700 n'arọ.
• Akụkụ: ogologo - 7,265 m, obosara - 2,85 m, elu - 2.285 m.
• Agha - 2 cm ígwè.
• Egbe ala - howitzer na a 122 mm gbọmgbọm D-32.
• Ọgụ Kit - a kacha nke 40 agba.
• Rate - 4-5 agba kwa nkeji (kacha).
• Firing nso - 4,07-15 km.
• Oke njem ọsọ na okporo ụzọ - 60 km / h.
• The ọsọ kacha ije nke mmiri - 4.5 km / h.
• The anya na otu refueling - a kacha nke 500 km.
• Ka merie ihe mgbochi: mgbidi elu nke 0,7 m, 2,75 m obosara miri dọrọ.

The set nke ngwa na-agụnye ndị dị otú ahụ mmiri:

Device chọpụtara ọchịagha BDIN-3, Ntuziaka Nne na Nna-1 n'anya ogbunigwe usoro akara ọkụ na-Ntuziaka Nne na Nna 2, a n'abalị n'anya na onye agha PP81MN, abalị ọhụụ ngwaọrụ ọkwọ ụgbọala TVN-M2, dizel engine YMZ-238N-1.

Modern "carnations"

The ụgbọ ala malitere fọrọ nke nta niile mba nke Warsaw mmeko. Ruo ugbu a, egbe ugwu, "ariara" na-eji na mba dị iche iche gburugburu ụwa. Modern ya mgbanwe nyere na laser-edu "Kitolov 2". Ọ na-e kpọmkwem haziri maka onwe-propelled egbe na Instrument Design Bureau na Tula. Ndị dị otú ahụ a shei enweghị ihe ọ bụla oru etiwapụ armored mobile na anyịnya zaa. "Kitolov-2" malitere na 2002. projectile nwere a uka nke 28 n'arọ, ogologo - 1190 mm.

Ka na-aga n'ihu uka mmepụta nke onwe-propelled howitzers 2S1 na 122 mm gbọmgbọm.

Ikpeazụ ntaghari ohuru ada itie ke 2003. Na obodo nke Perm na ụlọ ọrụ "MZ" osisi natara ọhụrụ akụrụngwa n'ụdị akpaghị aka nduzi na ọkụ akara usoro. Mgbe ahụ ACS e nyere a ọhụrụ designation - 2S1M1.

Mwube nke "ariara" bụ ndị na-eso mba:

• Azerbaijan - 62 iberibe.
• Algeria - 145 iberibe.
• Armenia - 10 iberibe.
• Belarus - 246 iberibe.
• Bulgaria - 306 iberibe.
• Bosnia and Herzegovina - 5 iberibe.
• Hungary - 153 iberibe.
• Georgia - 12 iberibe.
• Democratic Republic of the Congo - 12 iberibe.
• Kazakhstan - 10 iberibe.
• Poland - 533 iberibe.
• The Republic of Serbia - 75 iberibe.
• Russia - 2000 iberibe.
• Romania - 6 iberibe.
• Syria - 400 iberibe.
• Slovakiya- 49 iberibe.
• Ukraine - 580 iberibe.
• Ọzọkwa na Angola, Iraq, Yemen, Libya, na Czech Republic na Ethiopia.

Self-propelled howitzer "ariara" e mere bụghị naanị na Russia. Nri Nlụpụta ọ na-nwetara Poland na Bulgaria.

Na Russian agha, ndị a howitzers ejedebeghị nkesa. Ha na-eji ogbunigwe ugwu bipu brigeedi na a Marine. The kasị ewu ewu na 152 mm howitzer.

Ruo mgbe August 2014 ogbunigwe unit 2C1 "ariara" e mepụtara na osisi na Kharkiv.

Mgbe nsogbu na Ukraine emewo ka a agha see, onye nwe nke osisi, na Russian Oleg Deripaska, amachibidowo mmepụta nke a ngwá agha. Ke adianade do, ụlọ ọrụ na-eme na ikike maka ntọhapụ nke anya-ụzọ ugbo ala na ìhè armored gwongworo.

"Carnations" dị ka ngosi

Single mbipụta nke ACS "ariara" nwere ike hụrụ na ngosi ihe mgbe ochie gburugburu ụwa. Na Russia, na agha igwe na-arụnyere na ụdị arịa ma ọ bụ irighiri oghere na iri na abụọ ebe.

The Museum nke Technology Vadim Zadorozhnogo (Moscow Region), na Memorial mgbagwoju "partisan ahịhịa" (Bryansk), Krasnoarmeysk nso Moscow Region Research Institute "Geodesy", na isi obodo nke Victory Park, na Suvorov Military School (Moscow), dị na St. .Petersburg, Yalutorovsk na obodo ndị ọzọ.

Na Belarus, "ariara" bụ na Gomel mpaghara ngosi nka nke agha ebube na na akụkọ ihe mere eme na omenala mgbagwoju "Stalin Line".

Na Poland, ndị a na ụdị na-chọpụtara na ise agha ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na United States - atọ na Czech Republic - n'otu.

Na Ukraine, ndị a onwe-propelled egbe 6 ngosi dị iche iche n'obodo nke mba.

Nchedo "carnations"

Maka nchebe na-etinyere na ihe owuwu, ndị ọkpụrụkpụ nke mgbidi na-erughị 50-70 cm. The ụlọ nkanka maka ntọala dị mma maka na-eke a ndo. Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ iji chebe onwe ha na mepere emepe na gburugburu ebe obibi, ọ kacha mma iji ochie bọmbụ echebe, ndị catacombs na n'okpuru ala na ezi omimi. Dị nnọọ ize ndụ bụ kpọmkwem hit.

Howitzers na egbe ala shells nwere ihe onwunwe nke ike na-achụsasị tinyere ntụziaka nke ha ije. Ya mere, ha na-adịghị eji maka mbibi nke obere zaa. Ọma ha ga-eji naanị ma ọ bụrụ na shells laser homing ọrụ. Banyere nke a, ọ na-atụ aro ime perpendicular ahụ bu n'obi direction ọkụ, ịba ụba anya n'etiti ndị sonyere nke chịrị na-agba nke na ya ije.