Spruce - ihe ọ bụ? Spruce osisi. Conifers (foto)

Nnọchiteanya nke otu n'ime ọtụtụ ụdị conifers pine ezinụlọ, maara ihe niile spruce, nweta aha ndị oge ochie Ndị Rom. Ọ na-ada ka nke translation nke okwu "resin". Na n'ógbè nke green spruce ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ ebe, na bụ nke genus nke e nwere ihe fọrọ nke nta 50 ụdị osisi, nkịtị gburugburu ụwa, si Northern Europe na Central Asia na North America. Gịnị na-eme spruce, ihe ụdị osisi? Ogologo oge ọ na-adịgide ndụ na ụwa na nke na-ewe n'ụdị? Ka anyị na-agbalị ịchọta azịza nke ajụjụ ndị a.

Description spruce

Ogologo, ogologo-akpati, gịrịgịrị Evergreen osisi na a oké conical okpueze, narrower na nwata, na-kpuchie na spruce alaka-ya n'ala. Ha ogwe siri ike ịhụ - ọ na-ezo site na widest spruce "paws". Young osisi nwere ezigbo n'ụgbụgbọ isi awọ na a brownish tint na ochie spruce osisi Kporo ọzọ bụ aghụghọ, mgbe ụfọdụ luschitsya. Agịga agịga, na ike jide alaka ruo 7-9 afọ, ma na-arịa ọrịa nke gburugburu ndị a srokisokraschayutsya, na obodo mepere emepe na gburugburu ebe obibi na nchekwa umu agịga ndị na-erughị afọ 3. Agịga - otu, quadrangular ma ọ bụ esisịt spirally mere ndokwa na alaka. Cones nghọta, elongated, cylindrical. Chaa na daa, ha na-emeghe mkpụrụ dispersal. Mkpụrụ cones flakes na a dum isi ekpuchi obere mkpụrụ nyere na nku cupped gburugburu ha.

The e ji mara atụmatụ nke osisi

Description fir doro anya: ọ bụ otu n'ime a pụtara undemanding osisi na Earth. Ọ nwere ala ala ọmụmụ, n'ụzọ zuru okè na-adị ndụ na nnọọ ogbenye Ona. Ọ bụghị egwu nke Come mkpọda na obere ebe nke ala waterlogging. Ọ bụ incredibly gbasiri na bụghị egwu nkọ continental idụhe. Ma, ọtụtụ ụdị ike idi gas mmetọ na anwụrụ ọkụ, o osisi eji na obodo mepere emepe landscaping, na a na-eji ma na otu na otu plantings na ogige ntụrụndụ na malls na snow nchedo ibe. Dwarf ma ọ bụ Dwarf ornamental shapes bụ zuru okè n'ihi na decorating odida obodo nke obere ubi, ugwu nta na oké nkume ubi.

European spruce, ma ọ bụ ndị nkịtị

The aha nke osisi a na-ekwu okwu maka onwe ya, ma n'ụzọ ziri ezi na-egosi na ebe nke ya ebe obibi. Norway spruce etolite na European akụkụ nke Russia. Ọ bụ ihe ndabere nke na-akpụ apịtị. Na n'ebe ugwu nke Siberia na European Russia arrays nkịtị spruce nwayọọ nwayọọ dochie Siberia spruce. Olee ụdị osisi? A doro anya ihe dị iche n'etiti ndị a na ụdị e. Na oke nke na-eto eto na ọnọdụ spruce dị nnọọ iche larch na pine osisi, ma ọ dịghị intraspecific nkọ iche. Na ha bụ otú Ikebe, nke bụ nnọọ ihe siri ike na-eto eto na-emeghe treeless ebe, dị ka na ogbo nke ọ nwetara n'okpuru ụzọ uto nke Ome mebiri site nloghachi spring frosts ma ọ bụ na-sunburns. Ke adianade do, dị nnọọ emetụta ahihia oku, triggered site n'oge a kara aka oku ogbugba.

The oge na àgwà nke osisi ibu

The mbụ 10 afọ fir Osisi na-eto nwayọọ nwayọọ. Mgbe ahụ uto ọnụego ga-ebili sharply, na mgbe 100-120 afọ ọzọ kwụsịtụrụ. Mkpumkpu, spasmodic uto nke ihe European fir. Gịnị bụ a ghọtara ọkọbọhọde - dịwo mara. Ọ bụrụ na ọnọdụ ekwe, ọ na-adị mfe ndụ ruo 250-300 afọ. Ala kasị mma n'ihi na ọ bụ loam na supeschaniki. Iji ha na ọ Nleta a miri emi mgbọrọgwụ usoro, ike jide ya n'elu. Ma spruce - a hụrụ nnọọ dee mmiri ebe. On ókè ooh ala osisi forms a obere na-emighị emi mgbọrọgwụ usoro na ike ọ gaghị enyere ma-ada n'ala mgbe ike gusts nke ifufe. Spruce eme ka ọbụna ndị a obere mmiri-egbu osisi, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ nwere a eruba agwa. Ọ ga-kwuru na mgbọrọgwụ usoro nke spruce budata obere karịa nke pine, nke na-akọwa ya akwusighi na ifufe. The peculiarity nke osisi bụ na ya ala alaka ịnwụ ma na-adịghị echekwara akọrọ, ntre ke spruce ọhịa bụ nnọọ ọchịchịrị na dee mmiri.

Uto ọnọdụ na-eri

Spruce nwere ike na-eto eto na ọtụtụ n'ógbè nke European akụkụ nke Russia, na Siberia na Far East. Ma nke a bụ nnọọ siri ụdị osisi. Ọ dị mma na-akụ ya n'okpuru kanopi ọzọ mụ na osisi - oak, birch ma ọ bụ pine. Nke a dị mkpa karịsịa maka pụtara akọrọ na ogbenye Ona nke fir etolite arọ, ka họọrọ maka ya mma-gwara ala. Spruce bụ ọtụtụ ọzọ achọ na okwu nke ibu karịa pines, nke nwere ike nke ọma na-eto eto na-akọrọ aja Ona. Ọ bụ ya mere spruce na pine adịkarịghị na-eto eto ọnụ - oke dị iche iche na ọnọdụ ha mkpa ha.

amụba

Spruce dị mfe na-eto eto si osisi anakọtara bụ nnọọ mfe: nnọọ bee a ole na ole n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ fir cones ma jide ha home nkụ kpamkpam. ọ dịghị mkpa ka bee apụ ha. Vysohnuv, bumps ga-ekpughe onwe ha, na-enye mkpụrụ ahụ, nke na-emekarị magburu onwe Germination. Ha ga-emeso ya na a na-adịghị ike ngwọta nke potassium permanganate, na mgbe enịm ke ite na calcined osimiri ájá, zaglubit 1-1.5 cm. Containers n'ịnyịnya na elu shelf nke friji na stratification. Nke a na usoro dị mkpa, dị ka na eke na ụwa niile osisi conifers gụrụ oyi. Stratification akpali Germination nke seedlings. Untreated osisi nwere edina oyi na ala ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ma abịaghị. Oyi containers kwesịrị ọnwa 3. Mgbe oge a, mkpụrụ a kụrụ tank na-enịm ke a na-egbuke egbuke na-ekpo ọkụ ebe.

akuku oge

The ezigbo akuku oge bụ njedebe nke October - November. Ọ bụrụ na mkpụrụ na-akụ na oge a, ike ga-esi n'ime friji kwesịrị ịbụ na February ma ọ bụ March. Nke a bụ ihe kasị mma oge Germination, dị ka mmiri ruru, amụba ìhè awa, na niile osisi na-amalite na-eto eto.

Atọ na-elekọta

Germination seedlings na-achọ karịsịa na-emesapụ aka atọ, dị ka ga-arụ ọrụ dị na eke ọnọdụ. Mgbe niile, ke ini utọ, n'oge snowmelt, ala karịsịa hydrated. The okpomọkụ na iru mmiri - bụ isi ọnọdụ ebighị nke coniferous seedlings. Mgbe a di na nwunye nke izu arịgoo nwa-fir. Gịnị n'ezie bụ ephedra, ọ ga-hụrụ ozugbo: akpa apụta agịga. Ugbu a, anyị kwesịrị ịkpachara anya na na-na itule, ie. E. Water ndị ahụ na-epulite dị ka dị mkpa, na-ezere ma underfilling na ịṅụbiga mmiri. Ozugbo ọ bụla izu abụọ na-eto eto fir osisi mkpa na-eri nri na esighi ike na topsoil.

Mgbe n'èzí ọkụ na laa azụ returnable na friji, obere seedlings nwere ike kụrụ n'ala. Ke onu tupu akuku tinye compost ma ọ bụ humus, weere na ala, na a obere mgbagwoju nri. Kasị Christmas osisi na-adịghị nri. Ịtụkwasị osisi a onu, na mgbọrọgwụ ọma wụsara ala, tamped ẹduọk mmiri ọma na ike a obere
gụchaa nke a griin haus, film ma ọ bụ iko ite. Ọ dị mkpa ka ngwa ngwa acclimation nke seedlings.

Seedlings na greenhouses kwesịrị ventilated kwa ụbọchị. Ha kwesịrị ịnọ na-emeghe, wepụ ghọọ mmanụ na-elele ala mmiri. Mgbe 7-10 ụbọchị, ndo nwere ike wepụrụ na ala gburugburu firs zamulchirovat iji chebe ala mmiri. Na-emekarị na nurseries seedlings igwe toro na containers 3-4 afọ. Dị ka osisi na-eto nwayọọ nwayọọ, mgbe ahụ, oge a na-ewere ezigbo maka ihe ịga nke ọma n'ihu mmepe nke ephedra akpọ spruce. Seedlings nke a na afọ na-ọzọ na-emegharị ka okpomọkụ ókè, ha na-aba egwu nke frosts na ntachu. Kụrụ ha na a mgbakwasa na ezi atọ.

Umu anumanu na osisi eri na ha ngwa

Dị ka ọtụtụ conifers, spruce, nnọọ ji achọ. Ọ mgbe ihe ịchọ mma nke Russian manor, ubi na ogige ntụrụndụ. Taa, ekele a nnukwu nketa nke ozuzu ọrụ, egosipụta ọtụtụ mmanụ mee ihe n'ogige landscaping. Herringbone, ya onwe toro mkpụrụ, ọ bụghị nanị na icho mma nke ibé, kamakwa nwere ike ịghọ progenitor nke ezinụlọ omenala. Nke a na usoro nke cultivation nke spruce osisi adabara niile ụdị ogologo. Ke adianade do, ndị dị otú ahụ cultivation bụ a nkwa nke ihe magburu onwe mmegharị nke seedlings na Ọnọdụ Ihu Igwe nke ebe. Nke ẹdude iche nke uche pụrụ iche na odida obodo na-emepụta na-adọta Dwarf spruce. Low-eto eto iche na-adịghị gafere mita n'ịdị elu, nwere a sara mbara na ok okpueze. Ha na-ukwuu n'ihi na mma ubi ikwọ, nkume na n'elu ugwu na ubi. Otu n'ime ndị kasị akpali akpali na-ewu ewu na-anọchite anya nke a umu - spruce Nidiformis.

Dwarf iche: nkọwa

Nidiformis - cultivar na a okirikiri okpueze udi na a Central ezumike. Tree elu sonso esịmde 1 m, na okpueze esịmde a dayameta nke 3 m. The esisịt okpueze a kpụrụ dị ka a akwụ, dị ka isi alaka nke osisi na-adịghị, na ọtụtụ Ome na-eto eto dị ka a na-akwado. Ọmarịcha obere ọchịchịrị green ndudu, nnọọ oké na uniformly ekpuchi alaka. Osisi na-eto nwayọọ nwayọọ, na-agbakwunye otu afọ ọ dịghị ihe karịrị 3-4 cm na ịdị elu na 5-7 cm dum. Herringbone undemanding na ala, na-etolite nke ọma na moderately tụụrụ supeschanikah ọ bụla larịị nke acidity, ma a pụrụ aba ma ọ bụrụ n'ógbè nke mgbọrọgwụ usoro mgbe niile ala. Nke a spruce, nakwa dị ka ihe niile ala-na-na-eto eto conifers, photos nke nke na-ọkọnọ nnọọ ji achọ. A adịghị eto ngwa ngwa, ọ pụrụ ichebe ozugbo kere odida obodo maka afọ na-abịa. Nidiformisy gbasiri, ma nwa okorobịa osisi na-kacha mma zobe iyi egwu nke nloghachi spring frosts.

Evergreen Dwarf conifers: amụba

Stunted ụdị adịghị ọcha umu na mụta nwa naanị vegetatively - site cuttings na layering, ma ọ bụghị osisi. The eziokwu na ndị a osisi bụ n'ihi mmụba nke dị iche iche iche iche nke conifers, na nke nkpuru-ha, dị ka a na-achị ot eto ogologo, ọ bụghị Dwarf conifers. Photos ornamental Dwarf umu nwere ike dị na akwụkwọ ndị ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-azụlite dị ephedra naanị-adịghị arụ ọrụ, nanị ụzọ - ahịa. Dwarf osisi na-na-na-ere containers. Ihe bụ isi na-achị mgbe ịzụrụ a pụtara oké ọnụ zụọ ikwenyesi ike na-akpata usoro nke seedlings dị ike, nke ọma mepụtara, na-mebiri emebi ma mechanically ma pests. Ma tupu na-aga ụlọ ahịa kwesịrị ịgụ ihe ọmụma banyere ndị udi nke okpueze, karịsịa size nke osisi na-elekọta ha.

Ọtụtụ pine umu maka ọtụtụ afọ nọgidere na-enwe a mma udi n'agbanyeghị nke ọkwa. Low-eto eto na umu nwere ike mbụ nwere a * Tụkwasị na okpueze, ka oge na-etolite a cone. Otú ọ dị, spruce na pine - osisi ndị a na-ahụkarị, na ọ bụ omume ka ewere Russia enweghị ndị a ebube conifers.