Stirling engine - arụ ọrụ edumbet. The ala-okpomọkụ Stirling engine (foto)

Stirling engine, ụkpụrụ nke bụ qualitatively dị iche iche si na-emebu niile nke esịtidem combustion engine, ozugbo bụ ikpeazụ mpi. Otú ọ dị, mgbe oge ụfọdụ chefuru ya. Dị ka nke a moto na-eji taa, ihe bụ ụkpụrụ nke ya na ime (n'isiokwu pụkwara ịchọta ụgbọala Stirling Eserese na egosi na ya na-arụ ọrụ), na ihe bụ olileanya nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ojiji, hụ n'okpuru.

akụkọ

Na 1816, Robert Stirling na Scotland e patented okpomọkụ engine, aha ya bụ taa na nsọpụrụ nke ya nchepụta. The mbụ na-ekpo ọkụ ikuku engines na-mepụtakwara n'ihu ya. Ma Stirling kwukwara na ngwaọrụ Cleaner na na oru akwụkwọ a na-akpọ a regenerator ma ọ bụ a okpomọkụ Exchanger. N'ihi ya, mụbara engine arụmọrụ mgbe ejide unit na okpomọkụ.

Engine kwetara kasị inogide uzuoku engine dị n'oge ahụ, ebe ọ bụ na ọ dịghị mgbe ọ gbawara. N'ihu ya, ndị ọzọ Motors dị otú ahụ a nsogbu emee mgbe. N'agbanyeghị n'oge ịga nke ọma, na n'oge nke iri abụọ na narị afọ, site na ya mmepe jụrụ, dị ka ọ na-na-erughị-eri-irè tụnyere abụrụ ahụ ndị ọzọ esịtidem combustion engines na electric Motors. Otú ọ dị, Stirling e ka na-eji ụfọdụ ọrụ.

Mpụga combustion engine

Ụkpụrụ nke ọrụ niile okpomọkụ engines bụ na nnukwu n'ibu agha karịa na a oyi mkpakọ na gbasaa ala maka gas mkpa. Iji gosi na nke a ahụmahụ nwere ike rụrụ na abụọ ite jupụtara oyi na mmiri ọkụ dị ka nke ọma dị ka a na karama. Nke ikpeazụ a na-tinye ke oyi na-atụ mmiri, nkwụnye tube, ahụ zigara a na-ekpo ọkụ. Mgbe gas na karama-amalite ịrụ n'ibu ọrụ na ejects plọg. First mpụga combustion engine dabeere na usoro kpamkpam. Otú ọ dị, mgbe e mesịrị nchepụta ghọtara na okpomọkụ ga-eji na kpo oku. N'ihi ya, arụmọrụ amụbawo nke ukwu. Ma nke a agaghị enyere ndị na engine na-zuru ebe nile.

Mgbe e mesịrị Erickson, ihe engineer si Sweden, mma imewe àjà mma na kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ gas na mgbe nile na-mgbali kama olu. N'ihi ya, a otutu mbipụta malitere ga-eji n'ihi na ọrụ na-egwupụta, na ụgbọ mmiri na na-ebi akwụkwọ. Ma, n'ihi na crews, ha kwa arọ.

Mpụga combustion Engines si Philips

Ndị a Motors bụ nke ndị na-esonụ ụdị:

• uzuoku;
• uzuoku tobaim;
• Stirling.

Nke ikpeazụ ụdị na-enweghị ike n'ihi na ala pụrụ ịdabere na ndị ọzọ abụghị ndị kasị elu udu tụnyere ndị ọzọ ụdị nkeji pụtara. Otú ọ dị, na 1938, Philips ka malitere ọrụ. Engines aghọwo eji ụgbọala generators na neelektrofitsirovannyh ebe. Na 1945, ụlọ ọrụ ndị injinịa hụrụ ha ọzọ jiri: ma ọ bụrụ na na aro ka akpa ogho ihe electric moto, ndị jụrụ nke cylinder isi na-abịa mwepu otu narị na iri itoolu degrees Celsius. Mgbe e kpebiri na-eji na na friji usoro mma Stirling engine.

ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe

Ihe nke moto bụ na-arụ ọrụ na thermodynamic cycles, nke pụtara na mgbanwe okpomọkụ mkpakọ na mmụba. N'ihi ya na-arụ ọrụ ọmụmụ eruba ụkpụrụ na-ghọtara site ná mgbanwe olu (ma ọ bụ nsogbu - dabere na nlereanya). Nke a bụ ụkpụrụ nke na ọtụtụ ndị igwe ndị a, nke nwere ike dị iche iche na ọrụ na imewe atụmatụ. Engines nwere ike reciprocating ma ọ bụ rotary. Machines na ha nkeji na-arụ ọrụ dị ka okpomọkụ nfuli, Coolers, nrụgide generators na na.

Ke adianade do, e nwere ndị na-emeghe-okirikiri engines, ebe eruba ụkpụrụ na-ghọtara site valves. Na ha na-akpọ engines Erickson, e wezụga nkịtị aha aha Stirling. The ICE bara uru ọrụ a rụrụ mgbe tupu compressing ikuku na mmanụ ụgbọala ogwu ogbugba, kpo oku dapụtara ngwakọta e weere na combustion na mmụba.

The Stirling engine ọrụ ụkpụrụ bụ otu ihe ahụ: na ala okpomọkụ na-abịakọrọ, na na elu - mgbasa. Otú ọ dị, dị iche iche kpo oku a rụrụ: okpomọkụ na-ọnọ site n'èzí site cylinder mgbidi. N'ihi ya, ọ na-akpọ onye na mpụga combustion engine. Stirling eji oge okpomọkụ mgbanwe na Ndahie pistin. Ikpeazụ gas na-akpali si na otu cylinder ulo ọzọ. Na otu aka, mgbe niile ala okpomọkụ, na ndị ọzọ - elu. Mgbe na-akpụ akpụ na pistin elu gas Nkea si na-ekpo ọkụ na oyi na-atụ oghere na ala - azụ n'ime ọkụ. First gas na-enye ọtụtụ nke okpomọkụ na friji, na mgbe ahụ si okpomọkụ na-enweta ihe dị ka o nyere. N'etiti okpomọkụ na a friji odude regenerator - a oghere jupụtara a ihe onwunwe nke gas na-enye anya okpomọkụ. Na agbara eruba regenerator laghachi ya.

propellant usoro e jikọtara ya na a pistin compressing na gas na oyi na-atụ na-ekwe mụbaa na okpomọkụ. Site mkpakọ na a ala na okpomọkụ na bara uru na-arụ ọrụ. The dum usoro na-agba anọ cycles na intermittent ngagharị. Crank usoro otú ana achi achi continuity. Ya mere, nkọ ókè n'etiti nkebi nke okirikiri na-adịghị hụrụ, na Stirling engine arụmọrụ anaghị ibelata.

Ịtụle n'elu, ọgwụgwụ bụ na engine bụ a pistin engine na mpụga okpomọkụ ọkọnọ, nke na-arụ ọrụ ọmụmụ adịghị ahapụ ndị nchọ ohere na-adịghị anọchi. Stirling engine Eserese atụ ọma na ngwaọrụ na ya na-arụ ọrụ kwuru.

nkọwa nke ọrụ

Sun, ọkụ eletrik, nuclear ike ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla ọzọ na okpomọkụ iyi pụrụ inye ume na Stirling engine. Ụkpụrụ nke ọrụ ya ahụ bụ na ojiji nke helium, hydrogen, ma ọ bụ ikuku. Zuru okè thermal okirikiri nwere karịa omume arụmọrụ nke si iri atọ na iri anọ percent. Ma na-irè regenerator ya nwere ike na-arụ ọrụ na na elu arụmọrụ. Imu, kpo oku na obi jụrụ okpomọkụ exchangers enye wuru, na-enweghị na-arụ ọrụ mmanụ. Ọ ga-kwuru na engine lubrication mkpa dị nnọọ nta. The nkezi mgbali na cylinder na-abụkarị site na 10 ruo 20 MPa. Ya mere, ọ na-achọ ihe ndị magburu onwe akara usoro na-ekwe omume nke mmanụ na-abanye na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ.

comparative e ji mara

Ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ taa engines nke ụdị iji mmiri mmiri mmanụ ụgbọala. N'ihi ya na-aga n'ihu mgbali mfe achịkwa, si otú mbenata umu anwuru. Enweghị valves enye jụụ ọrụ. The ike nke uka tụnyere engine na turbocharging, kpọmkwem ike nwetara na mmepụta bụ hà index nke dizel unit. The ọsọ na torque bụ onwe ha nke ọ bụla ọzọ.

The na-eri nke engine mmepụta nnọọ elu karịa esịtidem combustion engine. Ma, ọ amama agbara ọnụego na ime.

uru

Ọ bụla nlereanya nke Stirling engine nwere ọtụtụ uru:

• Arụmọrụ na n'oge a haziri nwere ike ịbụ ruo iri asaa percent.
• Na engine nwere nnukwu mgbanye usoro, a camshaft na valves. Ọ na-adịghị mkpa ịgbanwe n'oge nile nke ọrụ.
• Stirling anaghị nwere mgbawa na esịtidem combustion engine, nke bụ a ibu arọ na crankshaft, biarin na ejikọta mkpara.
• Ka ha na-adịghị ahụ, na-asị na "engine stalled."
• Ekele ya mfe ngwaọrụ nwere ike ejikwara maka a ogologo oge.
• Ọ nwere ike na-agba ọsọ na osisi, na nuclear na ihe ọ bụla ọzọ ụdị nke manu.
• Combustion na-ewe ebe na mpụga nke moto.

-adịghị emezi emezi

• Isi mwepu nke imewe bụ ya oriri nke ihe.
• The na-arụ ọrụ ọmụmụ ka mma, n'ihi na nke ihe akụkụ na-n'ụzọ ụba.
• N'ihi na ice na hà ji mara mkpa na-eji a elu nsogbu.
• Site na-arụ ọrụ ahụ okpomọkụ na-ọnọ site na mgbidi okpomọkụ Exchanger, nke na mmachi thermal conductivity.
• Iji gbanwee engine ike, ịgbanwe olu nke na-echekwa tank, na nkezi mgbali nke na-arụ ọrụ ọmụmụ, ndị na-adọ n'akuku n'etiti displacer na pistin.

ngwa

Ugbu a, ndị Stirling engine generator-eji na ọtụtụ ubi. Ọ bụ a vasatail isi iyi nke eletriki ike na friji, nfuli, submarines na anyanwụ ike osisi. Ọ bụ site n'iji iche iche na ụdị mmanụ ụgbọala e a-ekwe omume nke ya nile eji.

Olee banyere anyị taa

Ndị a engines ọzọ malitere ito ekele Philips. Na n'etiti iri na abụọ na narị afọ na ọ ka banyere nkwekọrịta General Motors. O duru mmepe nke Stirling maka ojiji na ohere na mmiri n'okpuru osimiri ngwaọrụ, ụgbọ mmiri na ụgbọala. Mgbe ha ọzọ ụlọ ọrụ si Sweden, United Stirling, keere òkè ná mmepe ha, gụnyere ekwe omume ojiji na njem ụgbọala.

Taa linear Stirling engine na-eji on subsea nrụnye, w na anyanwụ na ngwaọrụ. Of oké mmasị na ya e mere n'ihi na mkpa nke mbipụta nke imebi gburugburu ebe obibi, nakwa dị ka mkpọtụ akara. Na Canada na United States, Germany na France, na Japan na-na-achọ ịzụlite na mma ya were.

n'ọdịnihu

Doro anya uru nke nwere a pistin na a rotary engine nke Stirling esịnede na ogologo ọrụ ndụ, na ojiji nke dị iche iche fuels, ala ụzụ na ala toxicity, eme ka ọ na a nnọọ Ná ekwe esịtidem combustion engine maka ndabere. Otú ọ dị, e nyere eziokwu na esịtidem combustion engine mgbe niile ka mma, ọ na-apụghị-adị mfe asuan. Agbanyeghị, nke a bụ engine taa enyene a na-eduga ọnọdụ, nara ha n'ọdịnihu dị nso adịghị bu n'obi.