Stratosphere - ihe bụ nke a? The elu nke stratosphere

Stratosphere - nke a bụ otu n'ime elu n'ígwé nke ikuku shei nke ụwa anyị. Ọ na-amalite n'ebe ịdị elu nke banyere 11 km n'elu ala. Ebe a na ụgbọ elu adịghị ofufe njem ugbo elu na adịkarịghị etolite n'ígwé ojii. The stratosphere bụ ozone Layer nke Earth - a mkpa shei, nke na-echebe ndị planet si emebiri UV penetration.

Keikuku shei nke mbara ala

The ikuku bụ a gas envelopu ụwa n'akụkụ aka n'ime n'elu nke jikọrọ ọnụ na hydrosphere. The elu ókè nke na ọ na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-akpụ akpụ n'ime ohere. The mejupụtara nke ikuku mejupụtara, haruru: nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide na na, - nakwa dị ka adịghị n'ụdị ájá, mmiri ụmụ irighiri mmiri, ice kristal, ngwaahịa nke combustion. The ruru nke isi ọcha akpa ikuku na-anọgide mgbe nile. Wezụga na-carbon dioxide na mmiri - ole ha na ikuku mgbe dịgasị.

n'ígwé gasbag

The ikuku na-ekewa n'ime ọtụtụ n'ígwé, nke na-emi odude otu n'elu ndị ọzọ na-enwe atụmatụ nke:

• ókè oyi akwa - ozugbo n'akụkụ ka mbara ala elu, na-enye a elu nke 1-2 km;

• troposphere - a abụọ oyi akwa, na elu ókè na-emi odude na nkezi elu nke 11 km, na-lekwasị fọrọ nke nta niile mmiri vepo nke ikuku, ígwé ojii na-kpụrụ, e nwere ajọ ifufe nke na anticyclones amụba elu-anapụta okpomọkụ;

• tropopause - a mgbanwe oyi akwa, ji cessation nke okpomọkụ Mbelata;

• stratosphere - a oyi akwa, inyịme ka a elu nke 50 km na bụ divisible n'ime atọ na ebe: site 11 ruo 25 km okpomọkụ dịgasị ubé, si 25 40 - okpomọkụ adahade site na 40 ruo 50 - okpomọkụ na-anọgide mgbe nile (stratopause);

• mesosphere emekọ a elu nke 80-90 km;

• thermosphere esịmde 700-800 km elu oké osimiri, bụ n'ebe ịdị elu nke 100 km emi odude Karman akara, nke e weere dị ka ókè-ala n'etiti Ụwa ikuku na mbara;

• exosphere na-akpọkwa chụsasịrị mpaghara, ebe a rarefied gas tụfuru ihe particulate okwu na ha na-efegharị na ohere.

Okpomọkụ mgbanwe stratosphere

Ya mere, ndị stratosphere - a akụkụ nke gaseous envelopu nke mbara ala, na-agbaso troposphere. Ebe okpomọkụ mgbe nile ofụri tropopause, na-amalite ịgbanwe. The elu nke stratosphere bụ mkpokọta 40 km. Lower ịgba - 11 km elu oké osimiri. Ebe ọ bụ na a akara, ọ dabara obere mgbanwe okpomọkụ. N'ebe ịdị elu nke 25 km nke kpo oku ọnụego gbagowe nwayọọ nwayọọ. Site gburugburu 40 km elu oké osimiri, na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na-amụba site ruo + -56,5º 0,8ºS. Ọzọkwa, ọ na-anọgide nso efu degrees ruo 50-55 km elu. The mpaghara n'etiti 40 na 55 kilomita stratopause akpọ n'ihi na okpomọkụ na-agbanwebeghị. Ọ bụ mgbanwe mpaghara si stratosphere ka mesosphere.

Atụmatụ nke stratosphere

The stratosphere nke Earth mejupụtara banyere 20% ibu nke ngụkọta ikuku. Ikuku bụ ya mere rarefied na onye na-anọ na-enweghị a pụrụ iche uwe agaghị ekwe omume. Eziokwu a na - otu n'ime ihe ndị mere na flights n'ime stratosphere malitere naanị na nso nso-emejuputa atumatu.

Akụkụ ọzọ nke ihe gasbag planet na 11-50 km elu bụ na a nnọọ obere ego nke mmiri vepo. Na stratosphere, n'ihi nke a, fọrọ nke nta mgbe etolite n'ígwé ojii. N'ihi na ha enweghị a ewu ihe owuwu. Otú ọ dị, adịghị ka ekwe omume na-edebe na-akpọ nacreous n'ígwé ojii na-"mma" stratosphere (picture egosi n'okpuru) n'ebe ịdị elu nke 20-30 km elu oké osimiri. Mkpa, dị ka ma ọ bụrụ na egbuke n'ime mmụta pụrụ hụrụ mgbe anyanwụ dasịrị ma ọ bụ tupu usiahautịn. Etolite nacreous ígwé ojii dị ka Cirrus ma ọ bụ Cirrocumulus.

Ozone oyi akwa

The isi distinguishing ikpehe stratosphere - nke a bụ karịa ke ofụri ikuku, Ozone ịta. Ọ na-kpụrụ site n'oru nke ìhè anyanwụ na-echebe ihe niile dị ndụ na mbara ala na ha na-ebibi radieshon. The ozone Layer na-emi odude n'ebe ịdị elu nke 20-25 km elu oké osimiri. O ₃ ụmụ irighiri na-ekesa ofụri stratosphere, na ọbụna nwere mbara ala elu, ma na nke a n'ogo na e nwere ndị kasị elu ịta nke ha.

Ọ ga-kwuru na ozone Layer bụ naanị 3-4 mm. Nke a ga-a ọkpụrụkpụ site ịtụkwasị ahụ a gas nkịtị mgbali ọnọdụ, e.g., n'elu ala. Ozone na-emepụta site na ire ere nke oxygen ụmụ irighiri n'okpuru edinam nke ultraviolet radieshon na abụọ atọm. Otu n'ime ha na jikọọ na "full" molekul na-emepụta ozone - O _3.

ize ndụ na-agbachitere

Ozone ụmụ irighiri banye ultraviolet radieshon na a wavelength mkpumkpu karịa 0.1-0.2 microns. Nke a bụ ya iji chebe onwe ọrụ. Mkpa oyi akwa bluish gas egbochi anyanwụ radieshon Earth detrimental ka ndu eme ntule.

Ebe ọ bụ na ozone eruba ifufe dara nso n'elu. Ọ na-kpụrụ na Earth n'oge a égbè eluigwe, ọrụ copiers ma ọ bụ X-ụzarị. Na-akpali mmasị, onye kasị ukwuu ịta nke ozone bụ na-egbu egbu ụmụ mmadụ. Ọ na-kpụrụ site n'oru nke ìhè anyanwụ na ukwuu emetọ ebe. Nọrọ na-akpọ ozone smog eyi ndụ egwu. Bluish gas dị ike ibibi ngụgụ. Ọ na-emetụta ọnụnọ ya na na osisi - ha kwụsị ịzụlite kwesịrị.

Ozone oyi akwa depletion

The nsogbu nke ozone oghere anọwo na-atụle n'isiokwu na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị banyere 70 ies nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ. Anyị maara ugbu a na mbibi nke ọta-akpata ikuku ndu, ulo oru iji CFCs na ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ ogige, mbibi nke oké ọhịa, na igba egbe nke ohere Tammy na elu-elu ugbo elu. The mba obodo enweela a usoro nke nkwekọrịta metụtara Mbelata mmepụta nke na-emerụ bekee. Mbụ niile anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere Freon, ji kee aerosols, na friji na usoro, ọkụ emenyụ ọkụ, disposable tableware na na.

Na nke a, e nwere ihe gosiri na-egosi na e guzobere ozone oghere bụ n'ihi eke na-akpata. Emerụ bekee n'ime ikuku dị ka a n'ihi nke mgbawa ugwu eruptions na ala ọma jijiji, nke mmejọ na Oceanic jikọrọ ọnụ. Taa, ajụjụ nke aha ọrụ mmadụ mbibi nke ndị na ozone Layer maka a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-anọgide na controversial.

Iberibe na stratosphere

Ịmụta stratosphere malitere na 30s nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ. Taa, ruo otu elu nke 20 km ọrịrị ọgụ na supersonic azụmahịa ugbo elu. Mark na 40 km elu weather balloons iru. Record elu, nke ruru ihe unmanned balloon - 51,8 km.

Nke nta nke nta-nna nke akụkụ a nke akpa ikuku na ndị hụrụ oké egwuregwu. Na 2012, Austrian skydiver Felix Baumgartner mere na-awụlikwa elu si stratosphere ka a elu nke fọrọ nke nta 39 km. Ịkwụsị na-elu ụda mgbochi, ọ rutere n'enweghị nsogbu. Baumgartner mebiri na ndekọ maka osote onyeisi oche nke Google si Alan Yustas. 15 nkeji, ọ gara, na-na-eru ọsọ nke ụda, 40 km.

N'ihi ya, taa, stratosphere - nke a bụ ihe unexplored oyi akwa nke ikuku, kama ná mmalite nke narị afọ gara aga. Ma ka na-adịghị nnọọ anya bụ ọdịnihu nke ozone Layer, na-enweghị nke e nwere ga-abụ ndụ na Earth. Dị ka ogologo oge dị ka mba bee mmepụta nke Freon, ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ekwu na ọ ga-eme ọtụtụ ihe ọma, ọ dịkarịa ala na ijeụkwụ na ndị ọzọ na ọ na-adịghị mkpa, n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị na-emerụ bekee emepụta ndammana. Ònye bụ nri - oge ga-ekpe ikpe.