Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich: biography na foto

Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich - nchoputa nke a dum usoro ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-enweghị ike ewere ndụ m enweghị mbara igwe. Nwa-ya, ụmụ ụmụ, nwa nwa nwa nke kpakpando raara nye na-eje ozi sayensị. German na Russian ọkà mmụta sayensị, nchoputa nke astronomy, so na St. Petersburg Academy nke Sciences, mbụ director nke Pulkovo Observatory, nchoputa nke Russian Obodo Society - onye na-abụghị naanị Vasiliy Yakovlevich Struve.

akwụkwọ eji achọ ọrụ

The nchoputa nke ama usoro ndị eze mụrụ na 1793 na Altona - a obere German obodo. Nna ya bụ onye nduzi nke obodo mgbatị. Vasiliy Yakovlevich Struve, onye foto dị na bụla akwụkwọ ọgụgụ nke mbara igwe, na mbụ bụ a kpamkpam dị iche iche akwụkwọ. Ya mbụ ọrụ bụ philology. Ọzụzụ ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ọkà mmụta sayensị ẹkenịmde ke Tartu University, nke ugbu a na-akpọ Tartu. Otú ọ dị, ya na-akpọ Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich - nchoputa nke usoro ndị eze nke-enyocha mbara igwe - a hụrụ na eke na sayensị.

Ozugbo n'okpuru philology nke nna-ya, nwa okorobịa ahụ bụ ugbua na afọ iri na ise e sere kwadebere maka mbanye agụmakwụkwọ ka elu. N'oge ahụ, ya nwanne ama kụziri na-emega ahụ nke Dorpat. Ọ bụ ya mere, ka si a ọchịchọ izere conscription n'ime Napoleon agha, bụ nke malitere na ndị agha na-, Struve họọrọ nke a mahadum.

Future-enyocha mbara igwe nke ukwuu ịdị uchu na-amụ philology. Ọzọkwa, o dere, a voluminous n'iwu. N'oge na-adịghị, Otú ọ dị, Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich ukwuu ebu pụọ site na nkuzi nke Dr. Sisserou na isiokwu nke "physics". Na mgbe e mesịrị, na ndụmọdụ ndị nke ikpeazụ ahụ, ọ mikpuru onwe ya na-amụ banyere mbara igwe. Prọfesọ Guth - prọfesọ na mahadum - ka n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-akwado ya na ya mbụ nzọụkwụ ke stellar sayensị. Ugbua na 1813, Struve gbachiteere ya tesis.

nzọụkwụ ndị mbụ

Fọrọ nke nta n'otu oge ahụ, ọ malitere izi n'otu oge, a họpụtara ya-enyocha mbara igwe hụrụ n'otu mahadum. N'agbanyeghị ogbenye ọnụ ntụ na ụkọ ngwá, Struve ka jisiri na-arụ ọrụ ifịk ifịk. Ọ ọbụna jisiri ịrụ a dị nnọọ mkpa ọrụ maka oge na ọ bụghị inwe ihe kwesịrị ekwesị ngwaọrụ nyochaa declinations nke kpakpando, ọ nwara ime nke a na a n'ụzọ ngwá gbakọọ nri rịgoro nke ụfọdụ pola kpakpando.

Personal ndụ

Vasiliy Yakovlevich Struve, onye biography bụ site na nke a oge bụ atọsa si astronomy, di na nwunye na 1815. Nhọrọ ya bụ a obibi nke Altona Emilia Vall. Na ya biri ruo mgbe 1834. Na nke a na alụmdi na nwunye a mụụrụ iri na abụọ ụmụ, Otú ọ dị, anọ nke onye nwụrụ na nwata.

Ebe ọ bụ na 1828, Struve were mkpọrọ nke nwa nwanne ya Theodore, onye nlekọta bụ na mbụ nwanne ya Ludwig - a prọfesọ nke mmewere na Mahadum nke Dorpat.

Mgbe ọnwụ nke Emilia, ọ na 1834. ndọ Johanna Bartels, onye bu nwa-nwayi mgbakọ na mwepụ Bartels. Na ya Struve mụrụ ụmụ isii, nke onye nanị anọ ọbọhọ nna-ya.

Na Tartu Observatory

Na 1819 Struve a họpụtara ya director. N'otu oge, ọ bịara zuru prọfesọ na mahadum. N'ime afọ iri abụọ nke ahụmahụ dị ka onye nduzi nke Dorpat Observatory, Vasiliy Yakovlevich Struve enyewo ya n'elu-notch na nnọọ obere maka na oge, na ngwaọrụ na ngwá. Mgbe na njedebe nke 1824, jisiri chetyrnadtsatifutovym Fraunhofer refractor na Ushneydera enwe Nine Inch oghere, ndị kasị mma na ndị kasị ibu na oge, nyere onwe ya ihe-enyocha mbara igwe na-arụ ọrụ na-enweghị atụ ịnụ ọkụ n'obi. N'ihi na ọ malitere a oge nke n'enweghị ike ọgwụgwụ na-amị mkpụrụ na nkà mmụta sayensị ọrụ, nke dịgidere ruo ihe karịrị afọ iri na atọ. Ọ bụrụ na mbụ Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich - na-enyocha mbara igwe site na Chineke - bụ ọdịnaya dị nnọọ achọta na odomo ama mara ebe Herschel ọnụọgụ abụọ kpakpando usoro, mgbe ahụ, na nnweta nke ikenyeneke mbiet chọpụtara ngwaọrụ si ọmụmụ ama chọpụtara ọzọ ìhè ọ bụ ike na-aga otu nọọrọ onwe ha analysis. Ọ na-ele kpakpando nile na itoolu ịdị ukwuu n'etiti North osisi na iri abụọ degrees ndịda declination. Ọzọkwa, na-amụ Vasiliy Yakovlevich Struve, onye biography na-ẹkenịmde dị ka a ọkà mmụta sayensị malitere kpomkwem na Dorpat Observatory, n'out oge ike na-emeghe banyere puku atọ ọhụrụ ụlọ ọrụ, ọtụtụ n'ime ha kpebisiri ike ọnọdụ, nke na-amụ trajectory mmegharị na pụrụ iche Njirimara.

Nke oghere nke Pulkovo Observatory

Site n'oge iri na itoolu na narị afọ, mmụba nke St. Petersburg dị ka obodo mere ka ọ dị mkpa ka iru ihe nkà mmụta mbara igwe Observatory, dị ná mpụga obodo. Anyị malitere na-search maka a adabara ebe na gburugburu ebe ugwu isi obodo. Ọ bụ adịghị mfe. N'ihi na Observatory mkpa dị elu, ma n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke obodo erukwa na Gulf nke Finland, na n'ebe ndịda nakwa n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, na a anya nke iri abụọ kilomita, agbatị larịị. Mee n'ebe ugwu nke St. Petersburg emeghị ka uche, ebe ọ bụ na nke a akụkụ ebe ndịda dum nke elu-igwe - a dusted dị nso a na nnukwu mmezi - kacha mkpa ebe maka chọpụtara.

Na 1830, Eze Ukwu Nicholas m natara a akụkọ na dere Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich. Na ya, ọ kọwara n'ụzọ zuru ezu na ihe aga-eme debere n'ihu a ọhụrụ na pụtara nnukwu mbara igwe Observatory, nke e kwesịrị iru nso St. Petersburg. N'oge na-adịghị e kpebiri-amalite na-ewu nke iri abụọ kilomita ndịda nke obodo - na Pulkovo Heights. Architectural ọrụ e kpebiri inyefe maara nke ọma Russian-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Briullov. Director na isi nke ọrụ nhazi na e kere eke nke a ọhụrụ Observatory họpụtara Struve, bụ onye nọ na oge na-arụ ọrụ na Tartu University. Malite site 1833, ọ ghọrọ kasị ike soò na usoro. Pulkovo Observatory e mepere August 1839. Na Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich ghọrọ ya mbụ director.

Enyocha mbara igwe malite n'ụbọchị mbụ gosi na ha bụ ndị magburu onwe nhazi. Ebe ọ bụ na ibikwasị nke mbụ nkume na ụlọ nke Observatory, nke mere na June 3, 1835, tupu ya oghere 1839, Struve onwe ya chịkwara nta niile na-ewu ọrụ.

E guzobere ndị kasị mma na ndị kasị ibu n'oge pyatnadtsatidyuymovy refractor teliskop. The richness na àgwà nke Pulkovo Observatory nke arụnyere ngwa fọrọ nke nta ozugbo mgbe ya, malite na mbụ ebe ke ererimbot. Na dị ka ụdi ude nke ama American ọkà mmụta sayensị Newcomb, ọ ghọrọ mbara igwe isi obodo nke ụwa.

The ọrụ na Pulkovo Observatory

Ke akpa isua nke ya adị bụ nọgide na-arụ ọrụ na-amụ ọnụọgụ abụọ kpakpando, bụ nke malitere na St. George si, Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich. Discoveries nke mere na oge nke ọrụ ya na ndị Pulkovo Observatory, so ná ndị kasị mkpa na usoro nke ọmụmụ na ubi nke mbara igwe. Iji chọpụta anya ka kpakpando - a nke nwere mmasị na nchegbu banyere ọtụtụ ama ọkà mmụta sayensị nke oge ahụ. Struve, na-enwe olileanya iji gosi ozizi parallax Ndahie, emeghe ọbụna Copernicus malitere ọma ji atụ ọnọdụ nke Vega. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na trajectory nke a na-egbuke egbuke kpakpando ruo mgbe 1840. Na ọ bụ ezie na a na-anya si ha Vega mgbe ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị e gbazie na ndabere nke ihe kpọmkwem nha, Otú ọ dị, ọrụ a Struve bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mbara igwe nke ọma ọrụ site ịchọpụta na anya ka a akpan akpan kpakpando. Ọ bụ na nke a mgbe e mesịrị ka otu obere ọrụ e kere. Ọ bụ na kpakpando na-nnọọ anya suns, ìhè ụzarị nke propagates na a ọsọ nke 300,000 km / s, iru Earth maka ọtụtụ iri na ọbụna ọtụtụ narị afọ.

anyanwụ dara

Amị mkpụrụ ọrụ V. Ya. Struve n'ihu wee rue 1858. Ma mgbe a ọrịa, squinting ya, kwụsị ịkpa, na Observatory ada n'elu ochichi nke nwa-ya - a nkà mmụta sayensị Otto Struve. Vasily Yakovlevich - nchoputa nke usoro ndị eze nke-enyocha mbara igwe - akpa ke 1864. Ọ bụ na-akpali, ma ọ bụ na n'otu afọ, Pulkovo Observatory na-eme ememe ya iri-na-ise ncheta.

chọpụtara

Na ubi nke mbara igwe, V. Ya. Struve abụrụwo a n'ezie ịta nke kpakpando Central akụkụ nke Galaxy. Ọ na-agu n'onye ezi omume ọgwụgwụ na e nwere a uru nke interstellar absorption nke ìhè. Uru maka stellar astronomy nwere ọrụ ya bụ "Studies nke stellar mbara igwe." Nke a bụ ebe Struve dabeere ya ọtụtụ ndị chere na e nwere a eziokwu nke absorption nke ìhè na interstellar ohere ma na-amụba ọnụ ọgụgụ kpakpando kwa unit olu ka ha gakwuru na Milky Way.

Ọkà mmụta sayensị na-amụ ọnụọgụ abụọ kpakpando, nwere ike ngụkọta dị ukwuu dị ka abụọ catalogs nke mmiri ara ehi akpọkwa na bipụtara ha, karị, na 1827 na 1852 karị. Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich, onye ọrụ na-atụle ga-isi a na ubi nke mbara igwe, na oge mbụ na ụwa bụ ike tụọ anya ka Vega na na ìgwè kpakpando Lyra. Kpakpando a - nke atọ egbuke na mbara igwe n'abalị mgbe Sirius na Arcturus, nke pụrụ hụrụ na Russia na nso ná mba ọzọ. Na na ìgwè kpakpando Ophiuchus Struve chọpụtara mbara Nebula. Ná nduzi nke Vasily Yakovlevich na surveyor K. Tenner ya e mere ogo ọtùtù nke meridian aak si n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Arctic Ocean ka ọnụ ọnụ nke Danube River. kama bara uru ihe e nwetara ọzọ n'ụzọ ziri ezi chọpụta na udi ma na size nke ụwa.

na-eso ụzọ

Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich, onye usoro ndị eze na-abụghị nanị-enyocha mbara igwe, ma si n'ihu ọha na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọnụ ọgụgụ, bụ nchoputa nke ihe dum ụlọ ọrụ stellar sayensị. Ọrụ ya ahụ gaa n'ihu nwa ya Otto, abụọ ụmụ ụmụ - na Hermann Ludwig, nakwa dị ka nwa nwa nwa - ihe astrophysicist. The ochie Struve e nwekwara a maara nke ọma ọgwụ, diplomaati, orientalist na academician nke Academy nke Sciences nke Soviet Union.

ebe nchekwa

Aha a ma ama ọkà mmụta sayensị na-adịghị anọgide na-echefu. Na 1913 a obere planet na nọmba 768, chọpụtara site Russian-enyocha mbara igwe Neuimin, Struveanoy aha ya bụ na nsọpụrụ nke ezinụlọ usoro ndị eze nke-enyocha mbara igwe Struve.

Na ebe nchekwa nke oké ọkà mmụta sayensị na 1954 ma a tọhapụrụ a maka ozi stampụ. A raara ya nye na Pulkovo Observatory. Ọ na-egosi a Eserese nke V. Ya. Struve na abụọ a ma ama Russian-enyocha mbara igwe. Na centenary nke ọnwụ nke Vasily Yakovlevich, na 1964, e wepụtara otu ihe stampụ nke USSR. Ya Eserese bụkwa ugbu ke analogues raara onwe ya nye aak, aha ya bụ mgbe oké-enyocha mbara igwe. Ndị a stampụ e nyere site Lithuania (2009), Latvia, Estonia na Sweden (2011). Ke adianade do, ke 1964 na International Astronomical Union ndagwurugwu ahụ dị na anya n'akụkụ nke Ọnwa, na aha ya bụ V. Ya. Struve.

catalogs

Struve, n'ụzọ ziri ezi na-ewere na nchoputa nke dum alaka nke mbara igwe, na 1827 ka a n'ihi nke ị na-elele ihe karịrị otu narị puku mmadụ iri abụọ eluigwe akpọkwa bipụtara a katalọgụ, nke gụnyere ihe karịrị puku atọ okpukpu abụọ na multiple kpakpando. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha - na 2343 ụwa - a chọpụtara site ọkà mmụta sayensị. The 1837th e bipụtara ya kasị ama ọrụ. In "micrometric nha nke abụọ kpakpando" e nyere anyị na-arụpụta ihe karịrị iri na otu puku mgbawa mere Vasiliem Struve arọ iri na abua na enyemaka nke Dorpat refractor. Ma katalọgụ, bipụtara ọkà mmụta sayensị, na-ọdịda nke Nrite nke Royal Astronomical Society of London.

Na 1852 ọ nọ na-bipụtara a ọrụ bụ "n'etiti ọnọdụ", nke si na ya pụta nke ogologo oge kwuru nke fọrọ nke nta atọ puku kpakpando. The ọrụ, nke e rụrụ Struve na ya na-enyere aka na Tartu Observatory fọrọ nke nta ka afọ iri abụọ gasịrị karịrị otu ugboro-eji na stellar mbara igwe.

rụzuru

Vasiliy Yakovlevich Struve, a nkenke biography nke na-egosi ya nnukwu ọrụ na mbara igwe, na-mere oké onyinye mmepe nke sayensị dị ka Geodesy. Na oge site na 1822 ka 1827 n'okpuru idu ndú ya, na-amata ọtụtụ ndị meridian aak ogologo e rụrụ Hogland Island, emi odude ke Gulf nke Finland, na obodo Yakobshtadta. Na 1828 ọ sopryagli na analogue, gbakọọ na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ-nke mba. Mgbe ahụ, ndị a hà na-aka iso si n'ebe ugwu na n'ebe ndịda. N'ihi ya, dum ogologo nke aak tụrụ e gbanwee ka a uru nke 25 ° 20 '. Ọ a na-akpọ Russian-Scandinavian. Otú ọ dị, ndị ọkachamara na-mara ya ọzọ dị ka Struve Geodetic Arc.

aha

Vasily Yakovlevich bụ asọpụrụ otu nke fọrọ nke nta niile mahadum na mba anyị, nakwa dị ka ọtụtụ ndị mba ọzọ na nkà mmụta sayensị ọha mmadụ na academies nke sayensị. Ke ufọt ufọt iri na itoolu na narị afọ Struve abuana ke e kere eke nke Lisbon Observatory. Ọ bụ ugbu a ekesịpde site na City University, ma chọpụtara na e nwere agaghịkwa ẹkenịmde. Ọ na-e kere dị ka ihe Observatory na ihe oyiyi nke Russia - Pulkovo - nke e weere na oge ihe dị na mbara igwe isi obodo nke ụwa. Senior ọkachamara na ngwá ọrụ nhọrọ nke bụ a ma ama Russian-enyocha mbara igwe Struve.