Portsmouth Peace: ọnọdụ na afọ nke mbinye aka

Portsmouth Peace Treaty - nkwekọrịta n'etiti Russian Alaeze Ukwu na Japan na ili nke agha ahụ. Nkwekọrịta a na-etinye njedebe nke nzuzu na-ebibi Russian-Japanese Agha, nke e kere si 1904 na 1905. Nke a dị oké mkpa mere August 23, 1905 na Portsmouth, American obodo, na mediation nke US ọchịchị. The nkwekọrịta e banyere abụọ ọzọ. N'ihi ya, Russia e napụ ikike mgbazinye Liaodong Peninsula ma kwụsị na njikọ aka ha na China, nke gụnyere a agha mmekorita n'etiti abụọ na-ekwu megide Japan.

Ihe mere na mmalite nke Russian-Japanese Agha

Japan maka a ogologo oge a mechiri emechi obodo, ma na nkera nke abụọ nke XIX na narị afọ malitere na mberede na-free, na-emeghe ka ndị mba ọzọ, na ụmụ amaala ya na e ifịk ifịk na ịga na mba Europe. Ọganihu a doro anya na anya. Erule mmalite nke iri abụọ na narị afọ, Japan kere a dị ike nsoro na ndị agha na - na nyeere mba ọzọ ahụmahụ, nke Japanese na nakweere na Europe.

Àgwàetiti mba kwesịrị mụbaa ókèala, nke a na ihe mere na ọ malitere agha awakpo iji na mba ndị agbata obi. Japan ghọrọ ndị mbụ aja China ocho jisiri weghara ọtụtụ agwaetiti, ma nke a bụ n'ụzọ doro anya ezughị. The ala nwere ya anya na ala Manchuria na Korea. N'ezie, Russian Alaeze Ukwu ike Achọghị mkparị, n'ihi na mba nwere ya atụmatụ maka ebe ndị a, otstraivaya na Korea Railways. Na 1903, Japan na Russia ẹkenịmde ugboro ugboro okwu, na-enwe olileanya na-edozi esemokwu n'udo, ma ihe niile na ihe efu. Ọ bụghị kwetara na ala ngalaba, na Japanese n'akụkụ mberede Mmetụta agha site na-awakpo alaeze ukwu.

The ọrụ nke Britain na United States na agha

N'eziokwu, Japan kpebiri ọgụ Russia bụghị naanị. Site na nke a na ọ kpaliri ndị US na England, n'ihi na ha nyere ego nkwado obodo. Ọ bụrụ na ọ na-adịghị n'inyere ndị a na-ekwu, Japan emebilighi Tsarist Russia, mgbe otu nọọrọ onwe ha na ike ọ nwere na-enweghị echiche n'oge ahụ. Portsmouth Peace, ikekwe ka a gaghị kwubiri na ọ dịghị ihe ngwọta nke haziri nzukọ na-arụ na omume agha.

Mgbe Tsushima England ghọtara na Japan na-eme nke ọma, n'ihi ya, a ukwuu belata na-eri nke agha. The United States akwado ocho okwu, na ọbụna iwu na France na Germany na-eguzo na-agbachitere Russian Alaeze Ukwu, na egwu ọnwụ. The President Teodora Ruzvelta bụ a aghụghọ plan - ịgbapụsị ogologo-agba ọsọ agha abụọ. Ma, ebe a na-atụghị anya ike nke Japan na Russian mmeri, ọ bụghị na-eme atụmatụ. Ọgwụgwụ nke Peace nke Portsmouth agatụghị emeela ebe na-enweghị mediation of America. Roosevelt a ọtụtụ ọrụ na-eme iji kwe abụọ n'akụkụ nke militants.

Ọma na mgbalị iji mee ka udo

Napụ ego nkwado nke US na Great Britain, Japan otú ahụ ebelatawo akụ na ụba. N'agbanyeghị ịrịba agha rụzuru na agha na Russia, a mba nsogbu mbụ haziri nzukọ amalite ịdabere n'ebe ọgwụgwụ nke udo. Japan mere ka ọtụtụ mgbalị abịa okwu na onye-iro. N'ihi na oge mbụ kwuru okwu banyere ná mma Japanese na 1904, mgbe Russian na UK na-bịanye a nkwekọrịta. The mkparita uka na-ewere ọnọdụ: Japan choro na Russian Alaeze Ukwu ghọtara na malitere cessation nke agha ahụ.

Na 1905, a ogbugbo n'etiti ndị belligerents site France. Agha ahụ metụtara ọdịmma nke ọtụtụ mba Europe, ya mere, ha ga-kama ya ẹkụre. France n'oge ahụ abụghị ndị kasị mma ọnọdụ, a nsogbu a itiwapụ, n'ihi ya, ọ nyere aka Japan na malitere mediation na ọgwụgwụ nke udo. N'oge a, ocho okwu ka choro si Russian Alaeze Ukwu Capitulations ugwo indemnity, ma Russian-ekwuchitere mba haa jụrụ ọnọdụ ndị dị otú.

mediation United States

Mgbe Japanese choro na Russian ugbo na ego nke 1.2 ijeri yen, na mgbakwunye na nke àgwàetiti Sakhalin, ndị US ọchịchị na-atụghị anya kwadoro na alaeze ukwu ahụ. Roosevelt egwu Japan si ịnọ n'ụkọ nke niile support. Ikekwe ọnọdụ nke Peace nke Portsmouth gaara dị iche iche ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị maka aka nke United States. The American president, n'otu aka, odomo ndị na Russian Alaeze Ukwu, jiri nwayọọ na-enye ndụmọdụ eze, na ndị ọzọ na - etinye nsogbu na Japanese, ese na-eche banyere ọnọdụ dị mwute nke aku na uba.

Udo okwu tinye n'ihu site Japan

Ocho okwu chọrọ ime ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị agha na kacha. Ọ bụ ya mere Japan ga ịnọgide na-enwe ya mmetụta na Korea na South Manchuria, na-àgwàetiti ahụ dum nke Sakhalin na inweta ebere ego nke 1.2 ijeri yen. N'ezie, maka Russian Alaeze Ukwu ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ndidi ọjọọ, otú ahụ bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwado nke Peace nke Portsmouth e yigharịrị mgbe ebighị ebi. Witte, na Russian nnọchiteanya, flatly jụrụ ịkwụ indemnity na ọrụ Sakhalin.

ohere ụfọdụ Japan

Ka mesịrị kweta na ya memoirs Ishii, na obodo ha nwere obibi Russia, nke nwere dịghị mgbe onye ọ bụla na-akwụghị. The ekweghị ekwe nke Russian diplomacy na ịnọ n'ụkọ nke haziri nzukọ na-akwado Japanese na-etinye na a kpuru ìsì uzo warawara. Portsmouth ụwa bụ na verge nke ida, na Japanese ọchịchị gbakọtara nzute, nke e kere dum ụbọchị. Anyị na-ekpebi ma hà ga-anọgide na-agha maka Sakhalin. August 27, 1905, e kpebiri ịhapụ àgwàetiti na-anaghị achọ a onyinye. The ala bụ ya mere nke kpatara ike ọgwụgwụ na-anọgide na agha edinam bụ ekwe omume.

Russia gaffe

Ka ọ dịgodị, Russian President zitere a ekwentị ozi eze, nke gwara inye n'àgwàetiti Sakhalin. Russian Alaeze Ukwu chọrọ udo, n'ihi na ọchịchị nwere na-ebelata abịanụ mgbanwe. O sina dị, eze kwetara inye naanị akụkụ ebe ndịda nke agwaetiti ahụ. Portsmouth Peace nwere ike aka na ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ, n'ihi na Japanese ama kpebiri ịhapụ ọgụ na Sakhalin. On August 27, dị nnọọ mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke nzukọ, ọ bịara mata ihe mkpebi nke eze. The Japanese ọchịchị, N'ezie, ọ bụghị uche ohere ẹkemụm ọhụrụ ókèala. Otú ọ dị, Japanese ize ndụ, n'ihi na ọ bụrụ na ihe ọmụma abụghị eziokwu, ụwa ga-ọzọ ga-tụrụ mkpọrọ. Official na-enyefe ya, bụrụ na nke ọdịda ga nwere ime hara-kiri.

N'ikpeazụ Portsmouth Peace e banyere 5 September 1905 afọ. Russian nochite conceded Japan kwesịrị ka ọ gwara eze. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, Tokyo ọchịchị hụrụ a nọ nke mmetụta na Korea, natara leasehold ikike ka ndị Liaodong Peninsula, na South Manchurian Railway, nakwa dị ka akụkụ ebe ndịda nke Sakhalin. Otú ọ dị, Japan adịghị nwere nri na-arụ ike nke agwaetiti ahụ.

Gịnị meworo ka akụkụ abụọ nke ndị agha Portsmouth Peace?

Ụbọchị nke ịbanye a udo nkwekorita ga-abụ ndị ikpeazụ mgbe na esemokwu na-amalite na-ebuli ihe aku na uba nke mkpọmkpọ ebe. N'ụzọ dị mwute, ọ na-emeri, agaghi Russia ma Japan si Russian-Japanese agha. Ọ bụ ihe niile a igbu oge na ego. The Japanese nabata bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwado nke a udo nkwekorita dị ka a onye ịkparị, ihere, Ọzọkwa, mba ahụ nọ na n'ụzọ dị irè emebi. Na Russian Alaeze Ukwu, na mgbanwe a itiwapụ, na-emeri n'agha ikpeazụ ahịhịa nke na-ewu ewu iwe. Ná mmalite nke iri abụọ na narị afọ, ma ndị mba bịa bụghị n'oge ndị kasị mma. mgbanwe malitere na Russia ...