Tank, onye nchedo na-arụ ọrụ. Ihe agha nke tank ahụ nọ n'ọrụ: ụkpụrụ nke ihe. Ihe mepụtara nke agha agha

Ma n'isiokwu a, anyị ga-ele anya na ihe nke nọ n'ọrụ agha. Mara - a isiokwu ezi-akpali na ọ dị mkpa. N'ihi ya, ifịk nchedo usoro bụ kpọmkwem égbè warheads, ejikọrọ Rada ngwaọrụ nke obodo mmetụta. Ndị a na usoro na-enịm ke tankị.

Ọ bụrụ na a tank, n'ihi na ihe atụ, T-72 na-arụsi ọrụ ike agha hụrụ na-eru nso thereto munition (antitank bombu grenade, na ihe ndị yiri), na-amalite a projectile na mgbe na-eru nso a dị ize ndụ ihe explodes. Ihe na-aga? Ekara ígwé ojii nke irighiri ma ọ bụ ibibi ma ọ bụ idiọk imeda mmetụta nke a dị ize ndụ ihe. Ọ ga-kwuru na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-na-e ngwaọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na-echebe ebubo na-enweghị akpa mmalite.

Na Russian Federation

Olee otú ndị nọ n'ọrụ agha nke tank? Ọ mepụtara na-emejuputa atumatu Soviet ogwe eso. The echiche nke nọ n'ọrụ nchedo ụgbọ okporo ígwè ugbo ala n'ihi na oge mbụ a mara ọkwa na otu nke Tula Design Bureau, gburugburu 1950. The mbụ set nke otutu mepụtara "Drozd" e arụnyere na T-55AD, onye natara agha na 1983.

Ke ofụri ofụri, "Thrush" - bụ nke mbụ na ụwa nke imewe, n'ịkpa na uka-ọmume. Ya ịrụ ọrụ na-ekwe ka na-eji tank enweghị mgbochi.

Itunanya bu na, ifịk agha ukwu (ugboro abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa) enwekwu ntachi obi ígwè Refeyim.

Na 1980, usoro "nnunnu ojii" e modernized na natara index "Drozd-2." Otú ọ dị, ifịk nchebe "Arena" e mepụtara, ma n'ihi ida nke bụbu Soviet Union, ọ na-aga n'ime a usoro dị ka nke ọma dị ka rụzigharịa mgbagwoju.

The mepụtara nke nọ n'ọrụ agha "Arena" na-eme ka ihe ngwọta nke nsogbu ụfọdụ. Ka ihe atụ, na mbụ mgbe na-ebibi ya warhead agha bipu juru iberibe reactive grenades ma ọ bụ ATGMs na interceptor agba. Ugbu a, dispersion nke iberibe (n'elu na ala) na ụzọ nke ije nke na-echebe unit na-gbakọọ ka kpamkpam kpochapụ na-aga n'ihu na mpaghara nke mbibi na n'otu oge iji hụ na mbibi nke na-awakpo agba.

Taa n'elu ikpo okwu "Armata" na-arụ ọrụ Kolomenskoye KBM KAZ. Ndị ọkachamara na-na-arụ ọrụ ike na "Afghani" mgbagwoju. Akụkọ na-aga dị ka imewe ya mejupụtara ga nwere a Rada millimeter nso, na ebumnuche nke mkpochapu ga-eji explosively kpụrụ penetrator kama omenala gbasara ohere fragmentation eruba.

Trappable lekwasịrị-apụta na-akpụ akpụ na a ọsọ kacha 1700 m / s.

esenidụt development

Na na ihe mba ndị ọzọ mepụtara ifịk agha nke tank? Ọ kere France, USA, Germany na Israel. Ma Soviet Union na mberede osụhọ, na ndị a niile mgbalị funahụrụ ha mkpa. Ke adianade do, agha Amawaputala e belata, na nke a mere ka ọtụtụ ndị na-eli ozu nke pụrụ iche oru ngo.

Anyị nwere ike na-ehota otu isịneke - "Barrier" Ukrainian usoro. Na ọ na-ada ka larịị nke ẹdude n'omume. N'ezie, imewe bụghị ma jisiri April 2010, ruo ala ule, na-aga n'ime ọrụ nke Ukraine agha, ma ọ bụ nnọọ ifịk ifịk na-akwalite n'ihi na mbupụ.

-Akpali mmasị, na otú nọ n'ọrụ agha? Ka ihe atụ, mgbagwoju "Barrier" nwere ọchịchọ ịmata atụmatụ - agha warheads emeghị ọkụ azụ, na-ewute ya na na elu nke ndị agha igwe. Ọzọkwa, dị ka mmepe, kpebiri ajụjụ nke liquidation nke warheads, mgbe a batara site n'elu. Ọzọkwa, n'okpuru nduzi nke eruba echeloned fragmentation na detonation-efegharị efegharị na metal warheads nonperforated (BOPS) ịgbanwe ụzọ ha. Ha ma izute isi ntinye akwụkwọ n'okpuru ọjọọ n'akuku, ma ọ bụ na-aga ná mpụga na mpaghara echebekwa ihe. Ọ bụ ndị a nuances nke usoro ihe a enịm ke udi nke eluigwe na ala ihe nchebe.

Mgbe e nwere n'ọrụ agha, anyị ga-ele anya n'ihu, na ugbu a-atụgharị uche anyị na West. Na 2004-2006, enwekwukwa mmepe nke nọ n'ọrụ usoro nchekwa malitere na Western mba. America na-accelerated mmepe nke ndị dị otú usoro: ha aghaghị ịgbaso mgbe nile bombardment nke agha ogidi nke RPG-7 na Iraq. Ke adianade do, nke abụọ-agbaso n'ife ofufe agha na ndọpụ eji atụ bọmbụ grenade ATGM na emebiwo akwara US na-edu ndú.

Ọ maara na ọ bụrụ na America Ndenye igbu usoro na-achọ ebube karị ndozi, na Israel, na-ama na trofi na Iron aka arụmọrụ. Mgbe agha ahụ biri na 2006, ndị ọkachamara tụrụ ime iji kwadebe na tank "Merkava-4" ifịk ifịk nchedo usoro (KAZ) "trofi" (mmepụta nke Israel). Nke a na usoro bụ ike na-ebibi akụ ụta egwu ụgbọ ala ATRA / RPG. Ọ bụ ya mere Mk.4 bụ nke mbụ mba ọzọ MBT na KAZ.

Ọ ga-kwuru na mbụ na tankị ifịk nchedo na-adịghị ike dị nnọọ n'ihi enweghị ego. Serial mmepụta nke "The Iron Colossus", ndị a kwadebere KAZ "trofi" pụtara "Merkava Mk.4M», malitere ke akpatre ọnwa nke 2008. Na na 2009, ha malitere tinye ndị agha.

Ke ofụri ofụri, ịpụ iche nke Israel si mgbagwoju bụ akpaka recharging. Ke adianade do, ọ pụrụ imetụta multiple akpọkwa.

nsogbu

Ọtụtụ na-ekwu na ọ bụrụ na e ifịk tank agha, ọ ga-eto eto nke ọ bụla alterations. Ma niile nchedo usoro nwere nkịtị adịghị emezi emezi. Ọ bụ edoghị otú mgbagwoju ga-arụ ọrụ na otu nnukwu ujo. Ọtụtụ ATGM (atụ, ibi nwanyi ugwu-148, ube) ịdaba n'elu ụlọ nke tank, gafere ọtụtụ echebe perimeta. Otu gbawaranụ a ole na ole mita si "Iron Giant" nwere ike ibutere ngwá enịm n'elu ụlọ. N'ezie ida ma na-echebe usoro.

Ọzọkwa, na kacha arụmọrụ nke ngwaọrụ adịghị mkpa recharging echebe megide multiple ọgụ na otu n'akụkụ. Ọ bụ nke a mma sonye na akaụntụ na mmepe nke RPG-30, onwem na ihe dị elu warhead, nke na-enyere ọrụ nchekwa ngwaọrụ a anya mma n'ihi reactive bombu.

T-62

Ka anyị chọpụta ihe ndị T-62 tank na-arụsi ọrụ ike agha? Ke ofụri ofụri, T-62 ( "ihe 166") - nkezi Soviet tank. Ọ e mere na ndabere nke T-55 tank. Ọ bụ na e mere na USSR site na 1961 ruo 1975. The ụwa mbụ ụgbọ ala na a ezigbo onye-mụụrụ egbe na a caliber nke 115 mm na a arọ nke a na-ajụ tank na a kacha larịị nke abụọ (echiche nke isi agha igwe).

History nke e kere eke

Na ogwe aka nke Soviet Union ke 1950s bụ T-54/55 - a isi na-ajụ tank. The igwe e nọgidere mma, mụbara ya firepower, ma ya 100-mm rifled egbe nọgidere otu D-10T.

Tupu 1961, D-10T nọ na-alụ a obere-caliber ihe-agha-ịkpọpu projectiles na site 1950 ike agaghịkwa hụ irè njikọ aka nke a ọhụrụ na-ajụ tank M48 (USA). A Western tankị n'oge ahụ na-ama na-arụ ọrụ na subcaliber warheads otedinyayuschimsya tree na n'usoro cumulative warheads, eduat ihe agha nke Soviet tankị na mbụ anya nke ọgụ.

Na e kere eke nke T-62 na-arụ ọrụ abụọ dị iche iche nke Soviet ọkachamara-tank na-ewu ụlọ 1950s. The mbụ aka mmepe nke a ọhụrụ ngwá ajụ tankị na ndị ọzọ na-eweta ndụ ụzọ oru ngo KB Uralvagonzavod - kere a Ná ekwe na-ajụ tank iji dochie T-54/55.

Ọ bụ na-akpali na na 1958 ọrụ ekwe tank "ihe 140" e dechara na KB Uralvagonzavod. The initiator nke oru ngo e dechara L. N. Kartsev, bụ ndị jere ozi dị ka onye-isi mmebe nke osisi. Na o weere ya a ọhụrụ igwe dị oke obere-tech na mgbagwoju anya na-arụ ọrụ.

Mfịn a pụta, ndị ọkachamara na-ịzụlite ukem tank "ihe 165", nke a ngwakọ, esịnede a elu na "ihe 140" ahu ọgụ ebe "ihe 150" na engine-nnyefe òkè T na opu 55 nke usoro. Factory ule nke ngwaahịa e dechara na 1958: dị ka pụta nke Ministry of Defense mma a draft abụọ version of "ihe 165", ọbụna ihe ndika na Ọdịdị na a ogbe nke T-55.

E wezụga "ihe 165" ke 1950s, ọ mepụtara a ukwuu nke ndị ọzọ na-eto eto na-enwe olileanya na-ajụ tankị. Ha na-na ije ozi nwere a ọhụrụ 100-mm rifled egbe D-54 (Y-8TS), kere 1953. Tụnyere D-10, D-54 a nnukwu agha 25%, na ya mbụ ike ọsọ agha-ịkpọpu agba ama ọkọri si 895 na 1015 m / s. Otú ọ dị, ndị a kwa na-ewere ezughi oke maka a ịga nke ọma na mgba na Western tankị na ndị ọzọ oge a na ụdị nke shells adịghị ma.

Ọ ga-kwuru na ndị agha natara oké njọ jụrụ na ọnụnọ na D-54 Ekechila ọnụ breeki. Nke a ngwaọrụ a na égbè mee ka e guzobere snow, na ájá ma ọ bụ ájá n'ígwé ojii, unmasking tank na tutu chọpụtara pụta firing. Na mgbakwunye, ọtụtụ na-atụ egwu na Ekechila ọnụ gbawara ga nwere a ezighị ezi mmetụta na ndị agha ahụ na armored bipu support.

Basic tank na-arụsi ọrụ ike agha T-72B

-Akpali mmasị, na ihe T-72B na ifịk agha? Ngwaahịa a version 1985. Ọ e ji ọnụnọ nke nna nna nke usoro achikota agha na ngwá agha na ndị dị ike armored echebe elu. Ke adianade do, a igwe nwere a hinged ike nchebe nke wuru containers 227, ihe karịrị ọkara nke na-etinye na ụlọ elu.

Ọ maara na ndị tank na-arụsi ọrụ ike agha T-72B e mere n'oge modernization nke T-72A. The igwe bụ a ọgbọ nke atọ MBT: ọ na-onwem na ike iru ala "Contact", na mma MSA (2E42-2 nwere ụgbọelu stabilizer egbe maka firing na-aga) na a usoro nke achikota ngwá agha 9K120 "Swir" (onwem na a nrụaka ngwaọrụ 1K13-49). Modernization nke ụlọ elu mere ka onye na-abawanye na arọ nke ruo 44,5 tọn.

T-90

Na ihe dị mma banyere n'ọrụ agha T-90? Ọ maara na ndị T-90 "Vladimir" - a agha isi Russian tank. Ọ na e kere afọ n'afo 1980 ka a ukwuu mma na T-72B, kwuru na dị ka "T-72B modernized." Ma na 1992, o sonyeere ndị agha na-ama n'okpuru T-90.

Mgbe Potkina VI (isi mmebe nke tank) na-arahụ, na Russian ọchịchị kpebiri T-90 aha "Vladimir".

Site n'ụzọ, na oge site na 2001 to 2010, T-90 e weere ndị kasị mma-ere ọhụrụ MBT na ụwa ahịa.

Ọ bụ na-akpali na na 2010 ụgbọ ala e zụtara T-90 contracts maka agha nke Russian Federation na price nke 70 nde rubles. Site na 2011, uru nke T-90 amụbawo na iri na 118 nde rubles. Ebe ọ bụ na ọgwụgwụ nke 2011, zuo nke T-90 maka Russian agha nọ na-akwụsị.

September 9, 2011 na Nizhny Tagil na mba ngosi e gosiri n'ihu ọha T-90cm, ọhụrụ mbupụ sample T-90 tank.

ifịk intercession

Na T-90 Protection bụ ọrụ? Agha Traditional o nwere, bụ, na ike na-azara ọnụ. Ọzọkwa, a na igwe na-onwem na ifịk nchedo usoro wuru si ngwa anya-electronic suppression "Blind-1". Ngwaọrụ a haziri maka nchedo ígwè ibu antitank ụta na achikota rụrụ site ebe "Blind-1" na ngwaọrụ akpụ ákwà mgbochi.

Na mberede, ndị "Blind-1" na-zubere maka nchedo akụ ụta onwem na ọkara akpaka usoro nduzi. Ọ na-wuru nke a ụzọ modulators, abụọ spotlights infrared OTSHU-1-7 na akara unit.

Onye ọ bụla maara na mgbe nchedo-arụ ọrụ, impenetrable agha. Ngwaọrụ na-akpụ a ákwà mee ka achịkwa warheads nke na-onwem na onwe-loading-eduzi laser doo site a laser homing. Nke a ngwaọrụ nwekwara egbochi ndị laser nso funahụrụ na e guzobere a smokescreen.

Nke a Ọdịdị mejupụtara a set of laser radieshon egosi rụrụ site abụọ sensọ na abụọ Ntụ - ịchọta kpọmkwem direction nke ngwaọrụ ahazi usoro na iri na abua bombu launchers jupụtara aerosol.

Ọ bụ n'ezie a pụrụ iche mepụtara - n'ọrụ agha. Ụkpụrụ nke ya edinam bụ dị ka ndị a: ma ọ bụrụ na tank achọpụtara site laser radieshon ikpughe, usoro emejupụta ákwà mgbochi ahụ, na-ekpebi ntụziaka nke oku ize ndụ na alerts na ndi oru ugbo. Ọzọkwa, ma ọ bụ dị ka eduzi etubom arụ ọrụ, ma ọ bụ na-akpaghị aka rụrụ agbapụ aerosol grenade, nke na-emepụta ihe aerosol ígwé ojii, iche na laser radieshon, na-akpaghasị ihe nke agha nduzi na usoro. Ke adianade do, ọhụrụ-mụrụ ígwé ojii masks ígwè igwe, mbịne n'ime a smokescreen.

"Afghani"

Ya mere, anyị na-anọgide na-atụlekwu ihe bụ ifịk agha. "Afghani" - arụsi ọrụ ike na-azara ọnụ usoro (KAZ) tank. Ọ e kere site Russian ọkachamara na 2010s.

Nke a ngwaọrụ na-echebe oké armored ugbo ala site cumulative antitank agba (PTUR na Cop) na sub-caliber warheads.

Rụrụ site Rada unit, ngwa anya-electronic sensọ na laser aiming ngwaọrụ, a ụzọ nke akakabarede nkeji, ime akara, a mgbako, a set nke Gịnị, nkwụsị igbe, aka nchebe n'ịchọpụta mines.

Protivosnaryadnym nchedo na tumadi dị n'okpuru elu ahụ, n'ihi ya, ọ trudnouyazvima n'ihi na ọtụtụ ngwá agha, n'adịghị ka ndị ọzọ KAZ. Nke a ngwaahịa Rada ngwá na-apụghị imepụta. Ọ na-onwem na a jamming usoro na bụ ike iwepụ munitions, eji-emegide ugbo elu egbe na a isi AESA Rada. Site n'ụzọ, nke a nchedo atụmatụ na, n'eziokwu, nwekwara ike ga-atụle ka a iche iche onwe ha mgbagwoju.

"Afganita" creators amụta ihe ndị patent RU 2263268 maka agbachitere ngwaọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na ụkpụrụ nke "nuclear iku" na-enye gị ohere igba ala akụ ụta na-ekwe nkwa gbapụrụ ọsọ nke ruo 3000 m / s. Taa (ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke ala ule) na-elekwasị anya ihe n'onwe nke lekwasịrị na a ọsọ nke ruo 1700 m / s. Ndị dị otú ahụ a na ngwaọrụ nwere ike intercept fọrọ nke nta ọ bụla warhead na-akpụ akpụ na ọsọ kacha.

Ke akpa itie, "Afghani" bụ EFP, ulo oru si warhead ọkụ azụ na mbụ na ntụziaka nke ndị agha akpa ugwu (n'aka nri), mgbe ahụ, ọ bụla chọrọ direction. The ngwa bụ ike nke na ihe n'ụzọ dị irè-ebibi ndị agha lekwasịrị niile iche. The ụlọ elu na-nwere ihe abụọ na ụdị mgbọ na-ekpuchi si mmetụta, dị mkpa maka jamming, nke ikpuchi ihe tank n'oge nke agha si a dịgasị iche iche nke oge a mgbochi tank Tammy.

Na mberede, ndị AESA Rada bụ otu nọọrọ onwe ha na usoro.

mkpachapụ ụkpụrụ

Trace usoro na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị a:

• Jiri data nwetara site na nkwurịta okwu ọwa, nke na-ezo n'ebe onye iro, site ụzọ dị iche iche nke nchọpụta na-eguzogide ọgwụ mgbochi. The usoro dabeere na onye nduzi na nchọpụta ngwaọrụ.
• Nchọpụta nke egwu site na LRS. Ke "Afgane" Ịdị maka T-14 na T-15 iyi egwu esoro site RL Afar panoramic ikiri ụdị, na otu nnukwu nso nke nchọpụta.
• Nịm ụdị iyi egwu na ogbugbu e gburu na nso-echebe ihe aga-eme KAZ ngwaọrụ.

interception usoro:

• Iyi Egwu wakpoo VOP pụtara (T 15 na-eji ngwá nke 30 mm na-eduzi agha usoro na antiaircraft agba, na T-14 - antiaircraft igwe egbe 12.7 mm).
• Nnyonye pụtara mbibi nke hụrụ ngwaọrụ, awakpo usoro. Mbibi na-rụrụ KAZ agha.
• Interception kontrboezaryadami. Interception omume n'obosara na iri mita (neutralizes nwekwara ịkpọpu shells).

The launchers "Afgane" akpa ewekarị n'okpuru elu pụrụ enịm dị ka nnukwu Tammy na prefabricated (abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ ọ bụla munition). Nke ikpeazụ nhọrọ bụ mgbagha nke preparatory ejection interceptor soro kenyere lekwasịrị shot EFP.

Eze kpughere na elu Ụwa camouflaged KAZ, otú e nwere bụ a-ekwe omume nke na-eji software mebie. Nwere ike dị otú ahụ nko mere ndokwa na ụyọkọ mgbochi MRL caliber warhead banyere 200 mm.

Site n'ụzọ, abụọ na ụdị ngwá agha na-na-mmasị ka ụlọ, pụrụ inwe ma a na-akpata na nnyonye anya, na-esi n'aka mbibi nke ala-ọkwa na ngwá agha, na-awakpo en masse. Ke adianade do, n'elu ụlọ nke otu mgbọ bombu nwere ike na-arụ ọrụ a ogologo cover mkpọtụ ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ na nnyonye grenade ugboro gbalaga.

N'ihi ya, ọ dị mkpa ka a tụlee ọnụnọ nke ngụkọta mkpuchi nke T-14 na T-15, nke ukwuu n'ụzọ dị irè na-echebe megide ụyọkọ bombs.

Anyị nwere olileanya na isiokwu a ga-enyere gị na-amụ ihe-arụsi ọrụ ike tank nchebe.